https://www.thinkwiki.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Hablatus&feedformat=atomThinkWiki - User contributions [en]2024-03-28T16:47:08ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.31.12https://www.thinkwiki.org/w/index.php?title=CompactFlash_boot_drive&diff=49944CompactFlash boot drive2010-11-05T19:45:08Z<p>Hablatus: typo</p>
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<div>__NOTOC__<br />
[[image:Addonics.JPG|thumb|Addonics Dual CF-IDE HDD Adapter with 8GB SanDisk Extreme IV CompactFlash]]<br />
Changing your HDD for a CF boot drive (CompactFlash card on CF-PATA/SATA adapter) is an alternative to using SSD to boost the performance.<br />
<br />
This is primarily done by ThinkPad {{X40}}, {{X41}} and {{X41 Tablet}} series owners due to the extremely slow speed of 1.8" HDD.<br />
<br />
Previously, using Compact Flash cards meant giving up on storage capacity. Nowadays the biggest available CF sizes are up to 100 GB so you even gain more storage space compared to a classic 1.8" HDD.<br />
<br />
ThinkPads utilizing PATA controller for the HDD slot can recognize both CF cards installed on a dual adapter. While newer ThinkPads, such as X41, which utilize SATA controller, can only recognize the single card installed on the primary slot.<br />
<br />
===Advantages of CF boot drive===<br />
* Much faster access time (<1ms for CF, >20ms for 4200RPM HDD and >15ms for 5400RPM HDD)<br />
* Higher read throughput for >8KB blocks (may differ depending on brand, model, partition type and cluster size)<br />
* Higher write throughput for >64KB blocks (may differ depending on brand, model, partition type and cluster size)<br />
* Minimal risk of mechanical damage due to shock and vibration. [[Active Protection System]] is therefore unnecessary)<br />
* Does not generate any noise or vibrations<br />
* (Possibly) a slight increase in battery life<br />
* (Possibly) less heat being generated<br />
<br />
===Disadvantages of CF boot drive===<br />
* Lower read throughput for <8KB blocks (may differ depending on brand, model, partition type and cluster size)<br />
* Lower write throughput for <64KB blocks (may differ depending on brand, model, partition type and cluster size)<br />
* Lower capacity<br />
* Higher price per GB<br />
* Not officially supported<br />
* Invoke boot error 2010 on certain ThinkPads, including the X41 series<br />
<br />
{{NOTE|A often mentioned disadvantage of flash-based storage is the limited number of write cycles (typically 100,000 for the current generation Single-Level Cell (SLC) NAND, the type usually used in the faster CF cards). This should not however be as much of an issue because...<br><br />
* The 100,000 write cycles applies to each address block separately in the card, not to the card as a whole<br><br />
* The flash controller automatically distribute write operations evenly (wear leveling), so that the number of writes to each address block is kept low<br><br />
Therefore, it should take years of typical real world usage to render a current flash memory card based on SLC NAND unusable<br><br />
<br />
However, manufacturers have started in 2008 using Multi-Level Cell (MLC) NAND to make SSD. MLC NAND typically has only about 10,000 write cycles. To complicate things further a company called EasyCo claims her Managed Flash Technology (MFT) "increases the write-life of Flash Disks more than 50-fold", which could be what made possible the launch of SSD based on MLC NAND. <br><br />
<br />
If in doubt, check with the manufacturer directly for details.<br />
<br />
See [http://www.storagesearch.com/ssdmyths-endurance.html] and [http://www.storagesearch.com/ssd-slc-mlc-notes.html] for more information.}}<br />
<br />
==What you need==<br />
* A passive CF to PATA/SATA adapter<br />
** Sadly, the X30's native CF slot does not appear to be bootable, so you're stuck using an adapter in the PATA drive sled like everyone else.<br />
* One or more CompactFlash cards with the following parameters:<br />
** (For Windows) Identify itself as a fixed disk instead of removable media<br />
** (Preferably) UDMA support<br />
** (Preferably) 266X speed or better<br />
<br />
==CF to PATA/SATA adapter==<br />
===CF to PATA (IDE)===<br />
These adapters will work with both ThinkPads with 1.8" and 2.5" HDD slot with PATA interface<br />
* Addonics AD44MIDECF (single slot) [http://www.addonics.com/products/flash_memory_reader/ad44midecf.asp]<br />
* Addonics AD44MIDE2CF (dual slot) [http://www.addonics.com/products/flash_memory_reader/ad44midecf.asp]<br />
<br />
{{WARN|Many of the adapters sold in eBay may not be usable for x40 as their #1 pin is on the left side (looking from the top, usually marked by a white diagonal line). The #1 pin should be on the right side as the Addonics series. Flipping the insertion of popular "V B1" adapter works but there is no guarantee of performance and space may not permit. On the other hand PA-CF18H adapter has been reported to work fine and may be a good alternative for Addonics converters. Please read page 15 of the forum discussion link below this page.}}<br />
<br />
{{WARN|The second (slave) slots on dual slot adapters do not work on newer ThinkPads, including the {{X41}}, {{X41T}}, {{T43}}, {{T43p}} and {{R52}}. Because their IDE interface is actually connected to the SATA controller via an IDE-SATA bridge.<br />
The second slot works fine on the others, like the X40, which use a native PATA controller, and 2 separated drives will be recognized.}}<br />
<br />
{{WARN|On the {{X41}}, {{X41T}}, {{T43}}, {{T43p}} and {{R52}}, the system will complain that an unsupported disk is installed (Error 2010), but will continue to boot after 5-10 seconds or after pressing enter (assuming you have a recent BIOS installed). The beeps can be muted by using the hardware mute button before the last shutdown/reboot}}<br />
<br />
===CF to SATA===<br />
These adapters are needed for newer ThinkPads with native SATA interface.<br />
{{Todo|If someone has tested any, please add them here}}<br />
<br />
==CompactFlash cards==<br />
<br />
===Speed===<br />
While many CF cards claim to have high throughput, it's not necessarily a good indicator. As the claimed throughput is usually only attainable in specific situations (usually sequential and large block operations). But in typical usage as a boot drive, it usually involves lots of random and small block operations.<br />
<br />
Therefore, the actual performance figures can only be found out via real world benchmarks.<br />
<br />
Below is a list of some of the cards reported to be working, it's by no mean authoritative and final.<br />
<br />
{{WARN|<br />
Most CompactFlash cards by default identify themselves as '''removable media''' instead of '''fixed disk'''. Which is fine for Linux, but not for Windows.<br />
<br />
If you have to use a CF card that has the type bits set to Removable and want to install Windows XP you can work around it as follows;<br />
* Use Linux to partition the drive with a FAT32 partition (you can boot from one of the LiveCD/LiveUSB distributions for this), and set the partition bootable.<br />
* Start the install of Windows, during install you will be given the opportunity to migrate to NTFS<br />
* After the install is finished you will need to install the Hitachi microdrive disk drivers (google for XPfildrvr1224.zip), which will mask the removable bits and should allow suspend and other operations that fail on a removable drive to work.}}<br />
<br />
===Transcend 133X/266X/300X===<br />
These cards are known to identify themselves as fixed disk via CF-IDE adapters without any manual intervention, and is of good value, and speed (for 266X/300X).<br />
<br />
===SanDisk Extreme===<br />
SanDisk used to provide a utility (when asked) under NDA to change the type bit to Fixed disk. It has however changed it stance on this and now refuses to provide it. This utility (ATCFWCHG.COM) however can be found for download at various places (try Google).<br />
<br />
You will need to boot DOS and run it with the CF configured as either the master on the primary IDE interface or the master on the secondary interface. It will not work if the drive is attached as a slave or to any other interfaces.<br />
<br />
To set a SanDisk Extreme adapter attached to the primary IDE interface to Fixed disk<br />
ATCFWCHG.COM /P /F<br />
To set a SanDisk Extreme adapter attached to the secondary IDE interface (Ultrabay) to Fixed disk<br />
ATCFWCHG.COM /S /F<br />
<br />
{{NOTE|It seems that the ATCFWCHG.EXE utility is incompatible with SATA to IDE bridges, such as found in the X41. In those cases you will have to connect the CF card to another computer or ThinkPad with a regular IDE (PATA) interface to change the flag, after which you can put it into the ThinkPad X41.}}<br />
<br />
===SanDisk Ultra II 4 GB===<br />
This card doesn't work with the Debian stable 2.6.26 kernel in a X41 tablet with SATA controller, it seems to be to slow.<br />
<br />
===Kingston Ultimate===<br />
The Kingston Ultimate CF card ships as CF-Removable, and although Kingston admits it is possible to change the type to Fixed disk, it was not willing when asked to provide a tool/application for this purpose.<br />
<br />
But supposedly the Kingston card automatically changes ID based on the adapter used, so it will ID as fixed disk when used with an IDE-CF or SATA-CF adapter, but will ID as CF-Removable when used with a PCMCIA adapter.<br />
<br />
===Silicon Power 300X===<br />
to be updated<br />
<br />
===Photofast 533X===<br />
Works fine, read performance up to 43mbit/s acording to hdparm<br />
<br />
==Storage capacity issues==<br />
Due to the limited capacity for high speed CF cards, the space may not be enough for some users. As a typical OS may already consume 3-4GB already. Here are some suggestions on how to work around it. Each of the below suggestion has its pros and cons, and should be selected on a case-to-case basis.<br />
* Put only the OS and frequently accessed files on the main CF card<br />
* (If dual-CF is possible) Add a second CF card, which will show up as an additional drive. Moreover since the speed needs not be as fast as the main CF card, a slower card with larger capacity could be desirable.<br />
* On certain ThinkPads, there is an internal card reader (e.g. CF on X20/X30, and SD/SDHC on X40/X41/X60/X61) which can house another flash card. However, the speed is certainly to be worse than connecting to the PATA/SATA interface.<br />
* Use a PC Card/ExpressCard SSD drive. However, the price of SSD is likely to be more expensive than flash cards.<br />
* Use a PC Card/ExpressCard flash reader to house another flash card.<br />
* Use a USB drive. Take mind that the drive will stick out, which is less desirable as a permanent solution (appearance/damage/speed especially if USB 2.0 is not supported)<br />
* (If network access is readily available) Store the files on a network drive (e.g. server disk/NAS)<br />
<br />
==Linux issues==<br />
With the Addonics adapters listed above (and possibly with other ones as well), the kernel's libata driver might warn about a 40-wire cable and default to UDMA/33 operation:<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
[ 27.831146] ata1.00: limited to UDMA/33 due to 40-wire cable<br />
[ 27.846808] ata1.00: configured for UDMA/33<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
This has been observed with version 2.6.24 of the kernel, and it may affect older ones, too. A patch is available from [http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.linux.ide/26879] that adds a <tt>force_cbl</tt> kernel parameter. After applying the patch and recompiling the kernel, you can then set <tt>force_cbl=80</tt>:<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
[ 7.140864] ata1: forcing 80c<br />
[ 7.140886] ata1.00: CFA: LEXAR ATA FLASH CARD, 20071016, max UDMA/100<br />
[ 7.140890] ata1.00: 7831152 sectors, multi 0: LBA <br />
[ 7.140908] ata1.00: forcing 80c<br />
[ 7.141625] ata1.00: configured for UDMA/100<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
With the patch enabled, the above system achieves 42MB/sec read performance according to <tt>hdparm</tt>. Without it, performance suffers: 23MB/sec.<br />
<br />
==Linux tuning==<br />
* edit /etc/fstab and add the option noatime to disable writing of last access timestamps on each file or directory access for each ext3 filesystem<br />
LABEL=/ / ext3 defaults,noatime 1 1<br />
* disable swap (remove swap volume from /etc/fstab), just make sure you have enough memory installed (which since memory is cheap, should be easy to just max out the machine!)<br />
* increase writeback time (add the following line to /etc/rc.local)<br />
echo 1500 > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_writeback_centisecs<br />
* remove beagle (if installed) from your system, it indexes the filesystem, but causes disk activity and keeps your cpu busy<br />
rpm -e beagle beagle-gnome beagle-evolution<br />
<br />
== Windows tuning==<br />
*** Instead of throwing together all kind of tweaks here, it's probably better to keep the tweaks be CF boot-specific... And link to another page showing the more generic tweaks... ***<br />
Due to the space constraints of CF, you will want to do some tuning of Windows. In addition there are some tunes that help performance, and can even help in the case where your not changing your HDD to CF.<br />
* Do a minimal Windows XP install (not a recovery) with nLite, this allows you to remove components of Windows before they even get to the HDD, such as Movie Maker, Windows Messenger and Outlook Express that you might not need, while at the same time slipstreaming the latest ServicePack (SP3 for XP). Alternatively if you cannot reinstall, you can try the public domain xplite program, but for it to be useful you need to pay, and it does not work with SP3.<br />
* Disable NTFS from updating the last access of a file or directory on each access. This causes NTFS to do a write for each file read operation and writes are always slower, and with flash storage might not be a good idea, for this you need to set NtfsDisableLastAccessUpdate in your registry.<br />
* Disable Indexing of the drive (drive properties)<br />
* Compress the drive (NTFS only), this saves space and might in some cases even be faster as it will require less disk access (drive properties)<br />
* Disable swap (system properties), just make sure you have enough memory (just max out the machine, RAM is cheap these days)<br />
* Disable windows system restore (system properties), if you feel you can live without it. It reserves a defined amount of space for this purpose<br />
* Do not enable Hibernation, it requires a huge hibernation file and suspend should be good enough.<br />
* Disable programs from starting on boot that you do not need (do you really need Java, Adobe, Apple iTunes, etc from starting on boot each time?) with a program such as MSCONFIG (->Start ->Run -> msconfig)<br />
* Disable Windows services that you do not need from starting on boot<br />
* Only install the IBM/Lenovo applications you truly know you will need (in my case, only the Hotkey utility and the Wireless drivers package to be able to disable wireless with Fn-F5)<br />
* Never do a full install of an application, do a custom install and prune the options to remove all the stuff you will never use<br />
* Disable HW devices in device manager that you do not need (in my case, the Modem and Infrared)<br />
* Only install drivers you actually need (video, ethernet, wireless and sound in my case), and remove the C:\DRIVERS directory after your done.<br />
* Do not run defrag, it is pointless on flash media and just causes unnecessary writes!<br />
With this I was able to Install Windows XP (SP3) with Office 2003 (SP2), IE7, WMP 11, Symantec Client Security, Adobe acrobat reader, Firefox, Thunderbird, Pidgin and Palm Desktop in addition to the necessary drivers in under 4GB of an 8GB CF card on a ThinkPad X40.<br />
<br />
==useful links==<br />
* [http://forum.thinkpads.com/viewtopic.php?t=41568 ThinkPads Forum discussion on the subject]<br />
* [http://www.hjreggel.net/cardspeed/index.html Flash memory speed - check out the UDMA CF link]<br />
* [http://www.nliteos.com/ nLite - Utility to create a minimal Windows install CD with fixes and drivers]</div>Hablatushttps://www.thinkwiki.org/w/index.php?title=ThinkPad_series&diff=49943ThinkPad series2010-11-05T19:39:49Z<p>Hablatus: typo</p>
<hr />
<div>=Current Series=<br />
==ThinkPad R series==<br />
Dropping the [[#ThinkPad A series|A series]], IBM introduced a mainstream budget line of ThinkPads in the R series. The RXXe series lacks some of "normal" RXX series features like stereo speakers, touchpad, hot-swappable CD/DVD drive, docking connector and some other things. They also usually feature slower CPU like Intel Celeron (but in newer models also slower Intel Core processors). ACPI functions in modern RXX-e models are just as well supported in Linux as they are for the regular RXX models.<br />
<br />
Starting from R61, the R series ThinkPads feature the same chassis (including RollCage) as the [[#ThinkPad T series|T series]] making them virtually indistinguishable from each other.<br />
<br />
==ThinkPad T series==<br />
As successor of the [[#ThinkPad 600 series|600 series]], the T series became IBM mobile productivity line. Usually leading the ThinkPad range in technology, innovation and price, the T series was intended for the travelling businessman - comparatively more stylish, functional, and rugged machines; and easy to disassemble for repair or upgrades. T series ThinkPads are clad in black non-slip rubber with embedded glitter. The case lid has tabs along the edge that interlocks with depressions in the lower case when closed, to reduce case flexing. <br />
<br />
===ThinkPad T2x series===<br />
The ThinkPad T2x models ([[:Category:T20|T20]], [[:Category:T21|T21]], [[:Category:T22|T22]], [[:Category:T23|T23]]) were [[Intel Mobile Pentium III-M]] based, sub-5 lb (2.3 kg) class machines. These machines typically had 14.1 inch XGA screens, S3 Savage graphics chips and Cirrus Logic sound chips. The T2x series introduced the [[UltraBay|UltraBay 2000]] optical drive bay and titanium-reinforced screen lids. With the [[:Category:T23|T23]], an internal WiFi antenna became available, so WiFi miniPCI cards could be used. Also the [[:Category:T23|T23]] was the first ThinkPad featuring an [[UltraBay|UltraBay Plus]] drive and [[Embedded Security Subsystem]].<br />
<br />
===ThinkPad T3x series===<br />
The T3x series only saw one model, the [[:Category:T30|T30]]. Powered by a [[Intel Mobile Pentium 4-M]] and a Radeon 7500 graphics chip with 16&nbsp;MB of discrete video memory, the T30 was available with 14.1 inch XGA or SXGA screens. The [[:Category:T30|T30]] introduced the [[UltraNav]] touchpad and integrated Bluetooth among ThinkPads. Other features include the [[Embedded Security Subsystem]], [[UltraBay|Ultrabay Plus]] drive, integrated Wireless LAN. The shell is titanium reinforced composite. The whole package was a bit heavier and thicker than both the T2x and the T4x series.<br />
<br />
===ThinkPad T4x series===<br />
Includes the [[:Category:T40|T40]], [[:Category:T41|T41]], [[:Category:T42|T42]], [[:Category:T43|T43]], and associated "p" series (for "performance"; e.g., [[:Category:T43p|T43p]]). A typical T4x weighs 2.2 kg (4.9 lb), slightly less than the [[#ThinkPad 600 series|600 series]], and features an [[Intel Pentium M (Dothan)]] Processor, a 14.1 or 15 inch LCD (XGA or SXGA+), an integrated GPU ([[Intel Graphics Media Accelerator 900]]) or a discrete GPU ([[ATI Mobility Radeon 7500]], [[ATI Mobility Radeon 9000|9000]], [[ATI Mobility Radeon X300|X300]], [[ATI Mobility FireGL 9000]], FireGL 9600, [[ATI Mobility FireGL T2| FireGL T2]] and [[ATI Mobility FireGL V3200|FireGL V3200]]), and a hard drive ranging in size from 30 to 100 GB with the [[Active Protection System]] to protect the hard drive ([[:Category:T41|T41]] and later models). "p" (mobile workstation) models are also available with a 14" SXGA+ or a 15 inch UXGA FlexView display with wide viewing angle and high density IPS technology with resolutions up to 1600x1200. These 15 inch display models weigh slightly more than their lesser brethren, with optical drive and battery, at 2.7 kg (5.9 lb). Some [[:Category:T42|T42]] and [[:Category:T43|T43]] models feature a biometric security system with [[Integrated Fingerprint Reader]].<br />
<br />
===ThinkPad T6x series===<br />
ThinkPad [[:Category:T60|T60]] contained the [[Intel Core Duo (Yonah)]]. It was paired with either a [[ATI Mobility Radeon X1300]] or [[ATI Mobility Radeon X1400|x1400]] or with an [[ATI Mobility FireGL V5200]] for the performance model. The [[:Category:T60|T60]] was also the first of its kind to support Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN) out of the box if the option was selected.<br />
<br />
The ThinkPad [[:Category:T60|T60]] refresh contained the [[Intel Core 2 Duo (Merom)]]. It gave a processing speed of up to twenty five percent faster than the [[Intel Core Duo (Yonah)|Yonah]] and introduced EM64T into the mobile realm. It was paired with either a [[ATI Mobility Radeon X1300]] or [[ATI Mobility Radeon X1400|x1400]] or with an [[ATI Mobility FireGL V5250]] for the performance model.<br />
<br />
ThinkPad [[:Category:T61|T61]] features the Santa Rosa chipset, in addition to the existing [[Intel Core 2 Duo (Merom)]]. The designers found it prudent to move from an ATI based Mobility Radeon to NVIDIA's Quadro NVS series discrete video processors. The move also marked a more aggressive shift to the wide screen format. Introductory [[:Category:T61|T61]] models only shipped with a wide screen. In addition, the designers added a Roll Cage for the screen to decrease the likelihood of damage in the event of a fall. Finally fan blades were overhauled to decrease fan noise and temperature.<br />
<br />
==ThinkPad X series==<br />
===ThinkPad X2x series===<br />
[[Intel Mobile Pentium III]] with [[ATI Rage Mobility M]] ([[:Category:X20|X20]], [[:Category:X21|X21]]) or [[Intel Mobile Pentium III-M]] with [[ATI Mobility Radeon 7000]] ([[:Category:X22|X22]], [[:Category:X23|X23]], [[:Category:X24|X24]]), sub-4 lb machines. Contained processors ranging from [[Intel Mobile Pentium III|MPIII]] 500&nbsp;MHz to [[Intel Mobile Pentium III-M|PIII-M]] 1+&nbsp;GHz. 12.1 inch XGA screens. Used miniPCI form factor cards, which supports modem and/or ethernet. With the [[:Category:X22|X22]] and later machines, provisions for wireless networking support are built into the chassis. [[UltraBay|UltraBay 2000]] optical drive support can be fitted via the [[UltraBase X2]] portable docking station option, and extended batteries can give the series a 5 hour running time.<br />
<br />
===ThinkPad X3x series===<br />
[[Intel Mobile Pentium III-M]] with [[Intel Graphics Technology]] ([[:Category:X30|X30]]) or [[Intel Pentium M (Banias)]]/[[Intel Pentium M (Dothan)|(Dothan)]] with [[ATI Mobility Radeon 7000]] ([[:Category:X31|X31]], [[:Category:X32|X32]]), 12.1 inch XGA screens, [[IrDA]], FireWire, Compact Flash card slot. No built-in optical drive. Like the X2x series [[UltraBay|UltraBay Plus]] optical drive support can be fitted via the [[UltraBase X3]] portable docking station option. As the [[UltraBase X3]] can take the same battery as the notebook, the running time can be increased to amazing 10 hours.<br />
<br />
===ThinkPad X4x Series===<br />
A continuation of the lightweight X series. Weighting in at 1.2 kg (2.7 lb), the lightest [[:Category:X41|X41]] is 25% lighter than its predecessor, the [[:Category:X31|X31]]. Part of the X4x series, the [[:Category:X41 Tablet|X41 Tablet]] is the first Tablet PC (convertible) ThinkPad. They also get [[UltraBay|UltraBay Slim]] optical drive support via the [[UltraBase X4]] portable docking station option, but it is not compatible with the [[:Category:X41 Tablet|X41 Tablet]].<br />
<br />
===ThinkPad X6x Series===<br />
Starting in 2006, the first models in X6x series were [[:Category:X60|X60]], lighter and smaller [[:Category:X60s|X60s]] and [[:Category:X60 Tablet|X60 Tablet]] (the two with slower CPU). These models featured [[:Intel_Core_Duo_(Yonah)|Intel Core]] CPUs, later Core 2.<br />
<br />
Later, [[:Category:X61|X61]], [[:Category:X61s|X61s]] and [[:Category:X61 Tablet|X61 Tablet]] appeared. These ThinkPads are now migrated to the new Santa Rosa chipset, in addition to the existing [[:Intel_Core_2_Duo_(Merom)|Intel Core 2 (Merom)]] platform and has some design improvements. The X61 features full-blown Core 2 Duo processors, X61s and X61 Tablet can be configured only with low-voltage variants. In many benchmarks, the X61 proved, that it can be as fast as ThinkPad [[:Category:T61|T61]] with same configuration.<br />
<br />
Unlike T61 and [[:Category:R61|R61]], the X61 series aren't available with widescreen display option.<br />
<br />
X6x series ThinkPads fit in the [[UltraBase X6]], while X6x Tablets fit in [[X6 Tablet UltraBase]] docking stations.<br />
<br />
=Withdrawn Series=<br />
==ThinkPad 200 series==<br />
The 200 series ([[:Category:220|220]], [[:Category:230|230]], [[:Category:235|235]], [[:Category:240|240]] and their various sub series) was a subnotebook series. This means they were extremely small and light crossovers between notebooks and PDAs. The series ended with the [[:Category:240X|240X]]. With the changing from the numeric to the alphanumeric naming scheme in 2000, IBM stopped developing subnotebook class ThinkPads. Only in the Asia-Pacific only [[#ThinkPad S series|S series]] did in find a rather short revival.<br />
<br />
==ThinkPad 300 series==<br />
The 300 series ([[:Category:300|300]], [[:Category:310|310]], [[:Category:350|350]], [[:Category:360|360]], [[:Category:365E|365E]], [[:Category:380|380]], [[:Category:385ED|385ED]], [[:Category:390|390]] and their various sub series) was a long running value series starting at the [[Intel 386|Intel 386SL-33]] going all the way to the [[Intel Mobile Pentium III]]. The ThinkPad 300 was also produced for IBM by Zenith Data Systems. They were a bit large and slower than the more full featured models but offered a less expensive ThinkPad. The successor of this series is the [[#ThinkPad R series|R series]].<br />
<br />
==ThinkPad 500 series==<br />
The 500 series ([[:Category:500|500]], [[:Category:510Cs|510Cs]], [[:Category:560|560]], [[:Category:570|570]] and their various sub series) were the main line of the ultraportable ThinkPads. Starting with the [[IBM 486|IBM 486BL-25 Blue Lightening]] to the [[Intel Mobile Pentium III]], these machines had only a hard disk onboard. Any other drives were either external or available in the respective [[Docking Solutions]]. The successor of the 500 series is the [[#ThinkPad X series|X series]].<br />
<br />
==ThinkPad 600 series==<br />
The 600 series ([[:Category:600|600]], [[:Category:600D|600D]], [[:Category:600E|600E]] and [[:Category:600X|600X]]) are the direct predecessors of the [[#ThinkPad T series|T series]], and are legendary for their portability and sturdy construction. Most 600 series models packed a 13.3 inch LCD, [[Intel Mobile Pentium II]] or [[Intel Mobile Pentium III]] processor and full sized keyboard into a package weighing roughly 2.3 kg (5 lb). The [[UltraBay|UltraSlimBay]] was introduced with the 600 series. IBM was able to create this light, fully featured machine by using lightweight but strong carbon fibre composite plastics.<br />
<br />
==ThinkPad 700 series==<br />
The 700 series ([[:Category:700|700]], [[:Category:701C|701C]], [[:Category:730T|730T]], [[:Category:750|750]], [[:Category:755C|755C]], [[:Category:760E|760E]], [[:Category:765D|765D]], [[:Category:770|770]] and their various sub series) were the cutting edge Intel-based ThinkPads. They featured the best screens, largest hard drives and fastest processors available at the time.<br />
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==ThinkPad 800 series==<br />
The PowerPC ThinkPad series, (800, [[:Category:820|820]], 821, 822, 823, [[:Category:850|850]], 851, [[:Category:860|860]]) were unique in that they ran on the PowerPC architecture, and not the x86 architecture. They all used the [[IBM PowerPC 603|IBM PowerPC 603e]] CPU. The 800 may have used a 603, and it is unclear if the 800 was experimental or not. All units used SCSI 2 instead of IDE. The units are believed to have all been extremely expensive, as the [[:Category:850|850]] cost upwards of $12,000 USD. The 800 series can run Windows NT 3.5 (probably 4.0 as well), OS/2, AIX 4.14, Solaris Desktop 2.5.1 PowerPC Edition and Linux.<br />
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==ThinkPad Transnote==<br />
The IBM [[:Category:TransNote|TransNote]] was a pen based PC in a notebook. Data could not only be entered through keyboard, TrackPoint and TouchScreen, but also through a unique paper notepad with integrated digitizer which was produced in cooperation with Cross AT. This ThinkPad expanded on IBM's previous pen based notebooks ([[:Category:360P|360P]](E), [[:Category:730T|730T]](E), and 755(P).<br />
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==ThinkPad A series==<br />
The A series was developed as an allround productivity machine, equipped with hardware powerful enough to make it a desktop replacement. Hence it was the biggest and heaviest ThinkPad series at its time, but also had features not even found in a [[#ThinkPad T series|T series]] of the same age. The A series was dropped in favour of the [[#ThinkPad G series|G series]] and [[#ThinkPad R series|R series]].<br />
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==ThinkPad G series==<br />
The G series consists of only two models so far, the [[:Category:G40|G40]] and [[:Category:G41|G41]]. Being large and heavy machines, equipped with powerful desktop processors, this line of ThinkPads is consequently specialised in serving as a desktop replacement.<br />
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==ThinkPad i series==<br />
The i series introduced the [[ThinkLight]] and were also the first notebooks equipped with Wireless LAN.<br />
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==ThinkPad S series==<br />
A subnotebook series consisting of only two models: the [[:Category:S30|S30]] and [[:Category:S31|S31]].<br />
[[Category:Models]]<br />
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==ThinkPad Z series==<br />
The widescreen ThinkPad build to offer the ultimate multimedia experience. Internal similar to the [[#ThinkPad T series|T series]], but they have a widescreen and are available with a Titanium Special Edition Cover on selected models. This was the first ThinkPad series completely developed by Lenovo. This series was discontinued as the [[#ThinkPad T series|T series]] are available with widescreen displays.<br />
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===ThinkPad Z60x Series===<br />
The first widescreen ThinkPads, internal similar to the T4x series, but they are available with 14" ([[:Category:Z60t|Z60t]]) or 15.4" ([[:Category:Z60m|Z60m]]) widescreens (some with optional MaxBright-technology). Travel weight starting at 4.1 lb and they are less than 1.1" thin. They are the first ThinkPads completely developed by Lenovo.<br />
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===ThinkPad Z61x Series===<br />
Second generation Z series, upgraded to the internal technology level of the T60 series ThinkPads.<br />
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=Adding a new series=<br />
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Please refer to [[Adding a new ThinkPad series or category to ThinkWiki]] for instructions on how to add a new ThinkPad series to ThinkWiki.</div>Hablatus