ThinkWiki - User contributions [en]

Category:Slackware

2006-12-21T10:32:17Z

Tpl: /* What is Slackware? */

{| width="100%"
|style="vertical-align:middle;padding-right:20px;width:10px;" | [[Image:Slackware_logo.png|Slackware logo]]
|style="vertical-align:top" |
<div style="margin: 0; margin-right:10px; border: 1px solid #dfdfdf; padding: 0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#F8F8FF; align:right;">
=== Slackware ===
This page gives an introduction to Slackware and an overview of related articles.
</div>
|}
{| style="vertical-align:top;margin-left:20px;margin-right:20px"
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__NOTOC__

=== What is Slackware? ===
Slackware is one of the oldest distributions; its original release was in April, 1993. Its creator, Patrick Volkerding, has maintained the project since its inception. Pat is known affectionately as "The Man" to Slackware fans. Patrick has striven to maintain Slackware as a simple, efficient, and high-performance distribution throughout its history. Slackware is often described as the most "Unix-like" of Linux distributions, because of Patrick's desire to keep its configuration and customization methods as clean and straightforward as possible. Slackware uses unpatched, but well-configured "vanilla" kernels directly from kernel.org, and tries to use software packages that are unmodified from their authors' original source. As a result, Slackware tends to be very stable, and easy to compile additional software against. It does not suffer from the myriad bugs that plague other distributions that attempt to make distro-specific modifications to common open-source packages.

Slackware tries to be stable, fast and efficient. It runs even on older systems
with less RAM and less CPU Power.

The distribution is not intended for users who like "clickibunti" (german for point and click interfaces).
Instead most of the configuration is done by modifying the right files with your favorite text editor.
It is intended for power users and those who just want to have a stable and actual system without
bloating sounds and fat animations which have only one reason: Slowing down your PC.

Slackware has an undeserved reputation of being difficult to learn and maintain. New users to Slackware whose first exposure to Linux come from more GUI-oriented distros like Redhat or Mandriva may initially find it to be overwhelming. However, Slackware's strengths become clear with a little persistance in learning its ways. Many distros with built-in configuration utilities are actually just modifying parameters in various text files in the /etc directory. A disadvantage to that convenience is that user-added modifications can be mysteriously overwritten by these utilities. Learning system configuration through the use of GUI utilities can also lead to users who don't really understand what's going on under the hood. A Slackware user is often much more prepared to solve problems when the easy way doesn't work.

One of Slackware's definite strengths is the stability of its underlying structure. The locations of configuration files, the layout of directories, and even its installation program have remained relatively unchanged since its beginnings in the early 1990's. New users may be concerned that a lot of Slackware documentation hasn't been updated in years (although the regulars of the alt.os.linux.slackware newsgroup have recently updated the main Slackware "book"). The reality is that since most of Slackware's core concepts change very slowly, documentation that is five years old is often still relevant. An additional benefit is that the investment in time to learn how to handle Slackware will not soon become obsolete.

One criticism of Slackware is its "lack of a package management system", such as RPM or apt-get. This criticism is a misconception, and would more accurately be stated that Slackware does not perform dependency-checking on new packages. However, Slackware does have its own package manager, pkgtool. It relies on the user to understand what he or she is adding to the system, and to satisfy dependencies manually. While this sounds like a nightmare, in practice it can prevent unintended and automated changes to the OS. A Slackware admin has much tighter control over additions and updates to the system than someone who simply types "apt-get dist-upgrade" and hopes for the best.

Slackware is a unique distribution with its own ways of accomplishing the common tasks that every Linux user and admin must do. While it can seem unforgiving to newcomers, it satisfies many Linux users who wish to have fine-grained and complete control of their systems.

===OS Homepage===
* [http://www.slackware.com/ www.slackware.com]
|}

[[Category:Distributions]]

How to get special keys to work

2006-12-21T10:20:15Z

Tpl: /* NumLock */

==Overview==
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
! key !! standard function !! tools supporting key{{footnote|1}} !! configurability{{footnote|2}} !! remarks
|-
| {{key|Fn}} || - || [[#xmodmap configuration|xmodmap]], [[#tpb configuration|tpb]] || full || on release without completed key combination
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F1}} || - || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F2}} || lock screen || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]] || full || in models from T/X/Z 60 onwards
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F3}} || blank screen || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]], [[thinkpad-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F4}} || suspend to ram || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]], [[thinkpad-acpi]] || full || may generate ACPI event when not enabled in the ibm-acpi hotkey mask
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F5}} || switch bluetooth || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]], [[thinkpad-acpi]] || full || in models starting from 2002
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F6}} || - || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F7}} || switch display || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]], [[thinkpad-acpi]], [[#tpb configuration|tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F8}} || toggle display expansion || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]], [[thinkpad-acpi]], [[#tpb configuration|tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F9}} || eject from dock || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]], [[thinkpad-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F10}} || - || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F11}} || - || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F12}} || hibernate || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]], [[thinkpad-acpi]] || full || may generate ACPI event when not enabled in the ibm-acpi hotkey mask
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Pos1}} || brightness up || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]], [[#tpb configuration|tpb]], [[KMilo]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|End}} || brightness down || [[#tpb configuration|tpb]], [[KMilo]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|PageUp}} || toggle thinklight || [[#tpb configuration|tpb]], [[KMilo]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Space}} || toggle zoom || [[#tpb configuration|tpb]], [[KMilo]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Ins}} || - || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Del}} || - || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Backspace}} || - || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|NumLock}} || - || [[#xmodmap configuration|xmodmap]] || make working ||
|-
| {{key|Windows}} || - || [[#xmodmap configuration|xmodmap]] || remapping ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Access IBM|#495988}} or {{ibmkey|ThinkPad|#494949}} || help application || [[#tpb configuration|tpb]], [[KMilo]] || full ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Home|#494949}} || open web browser || [[#xmodmap configuration|xmodmap]], [[#tpb configuration|tpb]], [[KMilo]] || full || only {{A30}}, {{A30p}}, {{A31}}, {{A31p}} and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Search|#494949}} || open search application || [[#xmodmap configuration|xmodmap]], [[#tpb configuration|tpb]], [[KMilo]] || full || only {{A30}}, {{A30p}}, {{A31}}, {{A31p}} and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Mail|#494949}} || open mail application || [[#xmodmap configuration|xmodmap]], [[#tpb configuration|tpb]], [[KMilo]] || full || only {{A30}}, {{A30p}}, {{A31}}, {{A31p}} and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Favorites|#494949}} || open favorites || [[#xmodmap configuration|xmodmap]], [[#tpb configuration|tpb]] || full || only {{A30}}, {{A30p}}, {{A31}}, {{A31p}} and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Reload|#494949}} || reload web page || [[#xmodmap configuration|xmodmap]], [[#tpb configuration|tpb]] || full || only {{A30}}, {{A30p}}, {{A31}}, {{A31p}} and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Abort|#494949}} || abort loading page || [[#xmodmap configuration|xmodmap]], [[#tpb configuration|tpb]] || full || only {{A30}}, {{A30p}}, {{A31}}, {{A31p}} and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Backward|#494949}} || previous page || [[#xmodmap configuration|xmodmap]], [[#tpb configuration|tpb]] || full || ext. keyboards and ThinkPads starting from 2002
|-
| {{ibmkey|Forward|#494949}} || next page || [[#xmodmap configuration|xmodmap]], [[#tpb configuration|tpb]] || full || ext. keyboards and ThinkPads starting from 2002
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume up|#494949}} || volume up || [[#tpb configuration|tpb]], [[KMilo]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume down|#494949}} || volume down || [[#tpb configuration|tpb]], [[KMilo]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume mute|#494949}} || mute volume || [[#tpb configuration|tpb]], [[KMilo]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Power|#494949}} || shutdown || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]] || full || triggered on pressing 3secs, but notebook goes off on 5sec press
|-
| Display lid || blank screen || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| Ultrabay lid || announce ultrabay change || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| Dock eject || eject from dock || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Tablet power|#494949}} || shutdown || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]] || full || triggered on pressing 3secs, but notebook goes off on 5sec press
|-
| {{ibmkey|Tablet orientation|#494949}} || rotates screen || [[#Mapping keys with setkeycodes|setkeycodes]] || full ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Tablet shortcut|#494949}} || shortcut menu || [[#Mapping keys with setkeycodes|setkeycodes]] || full ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Tablet Esc|#494949}} || esc key || [[#Mapping keys with setkeycodes|setkeycodes]] || full ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Tablet Enter|#494949}} || enter key || [[#mapping keys with setkeycodes|setkeycodes]] || full ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Tablet Up|#494949}} || up key || [[#Mapping keys with setkeycodes|setkeycodes]] || full ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Tablet Down|#494949}} || down key || [[#Mapping keys with setkeycodes|setkeycodes]] || full ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Tablet (unlabeled)|#494949}} || down key || [[#Mapping keys with setkeycodes|setkeycodes]] || full ||
|}

==Triggering key events==
===ibm-acpi events===
Some of the following events require a {{cmdroot|echo enable,0xffff >/proc/acpi/ibm/hotkey}} in order to make acpi able to get information on them. These events can be used to [[How to configure acpid|configure acpid]].

{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
|+ events triggered by [[ibm-acpi]] for {{path|/etc/acpi/events}} files.
! key !! event
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F1}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00001001
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F2}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00001002
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F3}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00001003
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F4}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00001004
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F5}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00001005
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F6}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00001006
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F7}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00001007
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F8}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00001008
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F9}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00001009
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F10}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 0000100a
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F11}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 0000100b
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F12}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 0000100c
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Backspace}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 0000100d
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Ins}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 0000100e
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Del}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 0000100f
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Pos1}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00001010
|-
| {{ibmkey|Power|#494949}} || button/power PWRF 00000080 xxxxxxxx
|-
| Display lid || button/lid LID 00000080 xxxxxxxx
|-
| Ultrabay eject || ibm/bay MSTR 00000003 00000000
|-
| Ultrabay inserted || ibm/bay MSTR 00000001 00000000
|-
| Dock eject || ibm/dock GDCK 00000003 00000001
|-
| Wireless switch || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00007000
|}

=== Pure ACPI events ===

A few keys can generate ACPI events of their own on certain ThinkPads, as long as they are masked off in the ibm-acpi hotkey's mask (or the hotkey feature is disabled in ibm-acpi).

If you want the ThinkPad's BIOS and ACPI methods to know about these keys being pressed, you probably want to leave them masked out from ibm-acpi, and use their non-HKEY events listed below, instead.

{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
|+ events triggered by ACPI when hotkey is masked out or disabled.
! key !! event
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F4}} || button/sleep SLPB 00000080 00000001
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F12}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 0000100c
|}

===tpb configuration===
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
|+ configuration keywords for [[tpb]] (to put in {{path|/etc/tpbrc}})
! key !! config keyword
|-
| {{ibmkey|Access IBM|#495988}} or {{ibmkey|ThinkPad|#494949}} || THINKPAD
|-
| {{ibmkey|Home|#494949}} || HOME
|-
| {{ibmkey|Search|#494949}} || SEARCH
|-
| {{ibmkey|Mail|#494949}} || MAIL
|-
| {{ibmkey|Favorites|#494949}} || FAVORITES
|-
| {{ibmkey|Reload|#494949}} || RELOAD
|-
| {{ibmkey|Abort|#494949}} || ABORT
|-
| {{ibmkey|Backward|#494949}} || BACKWARD
|-
| {{ibmkey|Forward|#494949}} || FORWARD
|-
| {{key|Fn}} || FN
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Space}} || CALLBACK (zoom on/off)
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|PageUp}} || CALLBACK (thinklight on/off)
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F7}} || CALLBACK (display lcd/crt/both)
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F8}} || CALLBACK (expand on/off)
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Home}} || CALLBACK (brightness <percent>)
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|End}} || CALLBACK (brightness <percent>)
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume up|#494949}} || CALLBACK (volume <percent>)
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume down|#494949}} || CALLBACK (volume <percent>)
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume mute|#494949}} || CALLBACK (mute on/off)
|}

To all parameter keywords should be assigned the full path to the executables supposed to be started on key press.
The exectable provided for the CALLBACK keyword should take the parameters given in parentheses and act according to them.
If you want to use xmodmap for the HOME, SEARCH, MAIL, FAVORITES, RELOAD, ABORT, BACKWARD, FORWARD and FN keys you should
provide a <tt>XEVENTS OFF</tt> in your {{path|/etc/tpbrc}}.
You can use an appropriate executable to [[How to inject fake keystrokes|inject fake keystrokes]].

For Debian users, tpb is started from {{path|/etc/X11/Xsession.d/90tpb}}.

'''Sound Button configuration'''

''Note: Tested on T60p with Ubuntu 6.06 LTS''

Most Thinkpads have a hardware sound mixer, thus the volumes buttons should work without configuration. However, this change is not reflected in the software mixer. tpb has a switch to enable software mixer support via OSS. The manual recommends this only for devices without a hardware mixer, but it also works for other hadware mixer enabled devices, even with the ALSA system. Just put MIXER ON in your {{path|/etc/tpbrc}} file and you can see the effect immediately in any ALSA mixer (e.g. kmix). For this to work you need write permissions to {{path|/dev/nvram}}.

''Note: Tested on X21 with Ubuntu 6.06 LTS''

On the ThinkPad X21 (and maybe some other older models) ACPI causes problems with tpb. On an X21 using acpi the volume buttons would work occasionally, and the OSD for tpb functions would rarely work. If a volume buttons was pressed too often, sometimes the computer would enter a low power (unplugged state) and would require a reboot. The solution is to use APM instead of ACPI. Instructions can be found in [[How_to_make_APM_work]].

===KMilo configuration===
The programs to be executed by [[KMilo]] are configured via the KDE Control Center (<tt>kcontrol</tt>), under <tt>System Administration --> IBM Thinkpad Laptop</tt>. Note that you can use appropriate commands to [[How to inject fake keystrokes|inject fake keystrokes]].

===xmodmap configuration===
xmodmap enables you to edit the modifier map and keymap tables that are used to translate keycodes into keysyms.
Understood? Well, basically it allows you to give the X server a dictionary for the translation of keycodes like "97" into more human readable synonyms like "Home". This way xmodmap allows you to make the special keys of your keyboard known to X applications.

To discover the keycode that a certain keypress produces, use the tool {{cmduser|xev}}

Usually you should write your keycode-keysym associations into the file {{path|~/.Xmodmap}}. This file is usually read by the X session startup scripts of your system, so that the mappings automatically get included everytime you run the X server.

The {{path|~/.Xmodmap}} lines for our purpose are in the form of
keycode <keycode> = <keysym>

Load the assocation using the command

{{cmduser|xmodmap ~/.Xmodmap}}

(some configurations do this automatically upon X startup).

The following table shows the keycodes generated by the ThinkPad special keys and sensible keysyms to assign them to.
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
|+ keycodes and recommended keysyms
! key !! keycode !! keysym
|-
| {{ibmkey|Access IBM|#495988}} or {{ibmkey|ThinkPad|#494949}} || 159 || XF86LaunchA
|-
| {{ibmkey|Backward|#494949}} || 234 || XF86Back or F19
|-
| {{ibmkey|Forward|#494949}} || 233 || XF86Forward or F20
|-
| {{ibmkey|Home|#494949}} || 178 || XF86HomePage
|-
| {{ibmkey|Search|#494949}} || 229 || XF86Search
|-
| {{ibmkey|Mail|#494949}} || 236 || XF86Mail
|-
| {{ibmkey|Favorites|#494949}} || 230 || XF86AddFavorite or XF86Favorites
|-
| {{ibmkey|Reload|#494949}} || 231 || XF86Reload
|-
| {{ibmkey|Abort|#494949}} || 232 || XF86Stop
|-
| {{key|Fn}} || 227 || F35
|}

Note: if you are running [[tpb]] you might need to add the line <tt>XEVENTS=off</tt> into your tpbrc to stop it from grabbing the key events and allow them to get through to X instead.

Note: XF86Forward and XF86Back do not work correctly in Firefox. You may want to map them to F19 and F20 instead if you use Firefox.

=====Enabling the Windows and Menu Keys=====
On some systems the Windows and Menu keys may not be recognized. You can enable then by
making the following changes:

keycode 115 = F13
keycode 227 = F35

F13 and F35 are used for the Windows and and Menu keys respectively. Labelling keycpode 227 as "Menu" may conflict with the right-mouse-click event.

=====Using Caps Lock as Super L (Windows key)=====
You can easily use Caps Lock as Win key by adding the following in your ~/.Xmodmap:
! No Caps Lock
clear lock
! Caps Lock as Win key
add mod4 = Caps_Lock
=====NumLock=====
On the ThinkPad {{600}}, {{T20}}, {{T21}}, {{T22}}, {{T30}}, {{X20}}, {{X21}}, {{X31}}, {{T43}}, {{R51}}, {{R52}} and possibly other models, X does not recognize the keycode for {{key|NumLk}} = {{key|Shift}}+{{key|ScrLk}}. To fix this, add the following to {{path|~/.Xmodmap}} in your home directory or {{path|/etc/X11/Xmodmap}} and run <tt>xmodmap</tt>, ex: <tt>xmodmap ~/.Xmodmap</tt>:
keycode 77 = Num_Lock

===Mapping keys with setkeycodes===
You can use the setkeycodes command to remap certain keys. I.e. you can use {{cmdroot|setkeycodes 6e 109 6d 104 69 28 6b 1}} to map the Tablets Up and Down keys to the standard PageUp and PageDown keys and Tablet Escape and Enter to their respective keys.

The following table shows the keycodes generated by the ThinkPad keys.
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
|+ keycodes
! key !! keycode
|-
| {{ibmkey|Tablet orientation|#494949}} || 0x6d
|-
| {{ibmkey|Tablet Shortcut|#494949}} || 0x6e
|-
| {{ibmkey|Tablet Esc|#494949}} || 0x6b
|-
| {{ibmkey|Tablet Enter|#494949}} || 0x69
|-
| {{ibmkey|Tablet Up|#494949}} || 0x68
|-
| {{ibmkey|Tablet Down|#494949}} || 0x6c
|-
| {{ibmkey|Tablet (unlabeled)|#494949}} || 0x67
|}

==Example Applications==
===Web Browsers===
====Firefox====
To have firefox make use of the browser keys you need to modify one of its files{{footnote|3}}.
To do this you will first need to extract it from the {{path|browser.jar}} archive. Do...

:{{cmdroot|cd <firefox-directory>/chrome}}<br />
:{{cmdroot|unzip browser.jar}}

The file of interest is {{path|content/browser/browser.xul}}. Edit it {and don't forget to make a backup copy first}...
:{{cmdroot|vi content/browser/browser.xul}}

Look for the '''<keyset id="mainKeyset">''' section and add the following lines within...
<key id="goBackKb" keycode="VK_F19" command="Browser:Back" />
<key id="goForwardKb" keycode="VK_F20" command="Browser:Forward" />

The Command you need for Next Tab
<key id="goBackTabKb" keycode="VK_F19" oncommand="gBrowser.mTabContainer.advanceSelectedTab(-1)" />
For the Previous Tab
<key id="goForwardTabKb" keycode="VK_F20" oncommand="gBrowser.mTabContainer.advanceSelectedTab(1)" />

Now save the file and repackage the {{path|browser.jar}} archive...
:{{cmdroot|zip -rD0 browser.jar content/browser/}}

That's it.

{{HINT|Another interesting Page on Firefox is http://dqd.com/~mayoff/notes/thinkpad/dqdnavkeys/ It uses different key mappings (F19 resp. F20) but a ready [http://dqd.com/~mayoff/notes/thinkpad/dqdnavkeys/dqdnavkeys-1.2.xpi .xpi] is provided which is pretty comfortable. However, this xpi file does not install on Firefox 1.5.}}

{{HINT|You can also use the [http://extensionroom.mozdev.org/more-info/keyconfig keyconfig] extension to configure custom keys. This extension works with Firefox 1.5. The Command you need for Next Tab is gBrowser.mTabContainer.advanceSelectedTab(1,true); For Previous Tab its gBrowser.mTabContainer.advanceSelectedTab(-1,true); }}.

====Konqueror====
KDE allows you set key mappings for KDE applications (Go to KMenu > System > Control Center > Regional & Accessibility > Keyboard Shortcuts). By default (at least in KDE 3.5), XF86Back and XF86Forward are set as alternatives to Alt-Left and Alt-Right, and are mapped to KDE Back and Forward navigation actions.

If you use Konqueror as your only browser, you only need to set up {{path|~/.Xmodmap}} as described [[#xmodmap configuration|above]] to assign ThinkPad back/forward keys to the symbols XF86Back/XF86Forward. This also make these keys work for other KDE applications such as Quanta Plus, KPackage and so on (not all KDE applications honor this setting, e.g. KDE help system doesn't).

If you want to use Firefox, however, the above settings do not work. You will have to map ThinkPad back/forward keys to F19/F20 as described [[#Firefox|above]], and change KDE navigation key settings to use F19/F20 instead of the default.

====Opera====
However this isn't a simple configration file, you can set your browser manually.<br />
Go to <i>Tool > Settings > Mouse and keyboard > Keyboard settings > Edit > Browser Window</i>. There add F19 - Back and F20 - Forward. Now you can surf using your TP keys ;-)

===Window Managers===
====fvwm====
To get the {{ibmkey|Forward|#494949}} and {{ibmkey|Backward|#494949}} keys to cycle through pages in the virtual desktop, add this to your {{path|~/.fvwmrc}}:
Key XF86Back A A Scroll -100000 0
Key XF86Forward A A Scroll +100000 0
If you use multiple virtual desktops, you could instead use the keys to flip between them by using GotoDesk.

====fluxbox====
To get the keys to cycle through pages in the virtual desktop, add this to your {{path|~/.fluxbox/keys}}:
None F19 :PrevWorkspace
None F20 :NextWorkspace

====pekwm configuration====
You can make the two browser keys switch workspaces in pekwm, by adding the following two lines to the {{path|~/.pekwm/keys}} file:
KeyPress = "Mod1 XF86Back" { Actions = "GoToWorkspace prev" }
KeyPress = "Mod1 XF86Forward" { Actions = "GoToWorkspace next" }

====pwm====
Another example how to use these two keys to switch between pwm tabs. These two lines should be added to {{path|~/.pwm/keys-default.conf}} or {{path|/etc/pwm/keys-default.conf}}:
kbind "Back", "switch_rot", -1
kbind "Forward", "switch_rot", 1

====icewm====
Some applications use {{key|Ctrl}}{{key|Left}} and {{key|Ctrl}}{{key|Right}} to set the cursor to the beginning of the previous / next word. In icewm, though, they're bound to previous / next workspace. Change these two options in {{path|~/.icewm/preferences}} to bind those to {{ibmkey|Forward|#494949}} and {{ibmkey|Backward|#494949}}: (Provided you assigned keysyms F19 and F20 with xmodmap)
# "Previous workspace" shortcut
KeySysWorkspacePrev="F19"
# "Next workspace" shortcut
KeySysWorkspaceNext="F20"

===Other Uses===
====Console tools configuraton====
To make the {{ibmkey|Forward|#494949}} and {{ibmkey|Backward|#494949}} keys useful in console, add this to your keymap ({{path|/etc/console/boottime.kmap.gz}} in {{Debian}}):
keycode 158 = Decr_Console
keycode 159 = Incr_Console

Alternatively you can load this script (perhaps on system startup) to enable Backward/Forward button console (VT) switch:

#!/bin/sh
setkeycodes e06a 126 e069 127
echo keycode 126 = Decr_Console | loadkeys
echo keycode 127 = Incr_Console | loadkeys

It should work with any distro.

==External Sources==
*[http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?lndocid=MIGR-51537 IBMs page on configuring the ThinkPad buttons (ThinkPad, Access IBM, Mail, Search, and Home buttons) under Linux]
*[http://dqd.com/~mayoff/notes/thinkpad/dqdnavkeys/ Rob Mayoffs page on using IBM Keyboard Navigation Keys in Linux Mozilla and Firefox]
*[http://snarfed.org/space/thinkpad+keys+in+firefox Ryan Barretts blog article about using the browser keys in Firefox]

{{footnotes|
#if there are more than one tool listed, one is sufficient
#'full' means you can completely reassign any action to be triggered by the key, 'additional actions' means you can trigger actions in addition to the standard function of the key, which can not be changed.
#Thanks go to Ryan Barrett for writing the [http://snarfed.org/space/thinkpad+keys+in+firefox little howto] on [http://snarfed.org/space/start his blog].
}}

How to get special keys to work

2006-12-21T10:09:50Z

Tpl: /* NumLock */

==Overview==
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
! key !! standard function !! tools supporting key{{footnote|1}} !! configurability{{footnote|2}} !! remarks
|-
| {{key|Fn}} || - || [[#xmodmap configuration|xmodmap]], [[#tpb configuration|tpb]] || full || on release without completed key combination
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F1}} || - || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F2}} || lock screen || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]] || full || in models from T/X/Z 60 onwards
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F3}} || blank screen || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]], [[thinkpad-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F4}} || suspend to ram || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]], [[thinkpad-acpi]] || full || may generate ACPI event when not enabled in the ibm-acpi hotkey mask
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F5}} || switch bluetooth || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]], [[thinkpad-acpi]] || full || in models starting from 2002
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F6}} || - || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F7}} || switch display || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]], [[thinkpad-acpi]], [[#tpb configuration|tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F8}} || toggle display expansion || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]], [[thinkpad-acpi]], [[#tpb configuration|tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F9}} || eject from dock || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]], [[thinkpad-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F10}} || - || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F11}} || - || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F12}} || hibernate || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]], [[thinkpad-acpi]] || full || may generate ACPI event when not enabled in the ibm-acpi hotkey mask
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Pos1}} || brightness up || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]], [[#tpb configuration|tpb]], [[KMilo]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|End}} || brightness down || [[#tpb configuration|tpb]], [[KMilo]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|PageUp}} || toggle thinklight || [[#tpb configuration|tpb]], [[KMilo]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Space}} || toggle zoom || [[#tpb configuration|tpb]], [[KMilo]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Ins}} || - || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Del}} || - || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Backspace}} || - || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|NumLock}} || - || [[#xmodmap configuration|xmodmap]] || make working ||
|-
| {{key|Windows}} || - || [[#xmodmap configuration|xmodmap]] || remapping ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Access IBM|#495988}} or {{ibmkey|ThinkPad|#494949}} || help application || [[#tpb configuration|tpb]], [[KMilo]] || full ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Home|#494949}} || open web browser || [[#xmodmap configuration|xmodmap]], [[#tpb configuration|tpb]], [[KMilo]] || full || only {{A30}}, {{A30p}}, {{A31}}, {{A31p}} and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Search|#494949}} || open search application || [[#xmodmap configuration|xmodmap]], [[#tpb configuration|tpb]], [[KMilo]] || full || only {{A30}}, {{A30p}}, {{A31}}, {{A31p}} and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Mail|#494949}} || open mail application || [[#xmodmap configuration|xmodmap]], [[#tpb configuration|tpb]], [[KMilo]] || full || only {{A30}}, {{A30p}}, {{A31}}, {{A31p}} and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Favorites|#494949}} || open favorites || [[#xmodmap configuration|xmodmap]], [[#tpb configuration|tpb]] || full || only {{A30}}, {{A30p}}, {{A31}}, {{A31p}} and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Reload|#494949}} || reload web page || [[#xmodmap configuration|xmodmap]], [[#tpb configuration|tpb]] || full || only {{A30}}, {{A30p}}, {{A31}}, {{A31p}} and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Abort|#494949}} || abort loading page || [[#xmodmap configuration|xmodmap]], [[#tpb configuration|tpb]] || full || only {{A30}}, {{A30p}}, {{A31}}, {{A31p}} and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Backward|#494949}} || previous page || [[#xmodmap configuration|xmodmap]], [[#tpb configuration|tpb]] || full || ext. keyboards and ThinkPads starting from 2002
|-
| {{ibmkey|Forward|#494949}} || next page || [[#xmodmap configuration|xmodmap]], [[#tpb configuration|tpb]] || full || ext. keyboards and ThinkPads starting from 2002
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume up|#494949}} || volume up || [[#tpb configuration|tpb]], [[KMilo]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume down|#494949}} || volume down || [[#tpb configuration|tpb]], [[KMilo]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume mute|#494949}} || mute volume || [[#tpb configuration|tpb]], [[KMilo]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Power|#494949}} || shutdown || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]] || full || triggered on pressing 3secs, but notebook goes off on 5sec press
|-
| Display lid || blank screen || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| Ultrabay lid || announce ultrabay change || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| Dock eject || eject from dock || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Tablet power|#494949}} || shutdown || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]] || full || triggered on pressing 3secs, but notebook goes off on 5sec press
|-
| {{ibmkey|Tablet orientation|#494949}} || rotates screen || [[#Mapping keys with setkeycodes|setkeycodes]] || full ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Tablet shortcut|#494949}} || shortcut menu || [[#Mapping keys with setkeycodes|setkeycodes]] || full ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Tablet Esc|#494949}} || esc key || [[#Mapping keys with setkeycodes|setkeycodes]] || full ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Tablet Enter|#494949}} || enter key || [[#mapping keys with setkeycodes|setkeycodes]] || full ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Tablet Up|#494949}} || up key || [[#Mapping keys with setkeycodes|setkeycodes]] || full ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Tablet Down|#494949}} || down key || [[#Mapping keys with setkeycodes|setkeycodes]] || full ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Tablet (unlabeled)|#494949}} || down key || [[#Mapping keys with setkeycodes|setkeycodes]] || full ||
|}

==Triggering key events==
===ibm-acpi events===
Some of the following events require a {{cmdroot|echo enable,0xffff >/proc/acpi/ibm/hotkey}} in order to make acpi able to get information on them. These events can be used to [[How to configure acpid|configure acpid]].

{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
|+ events triggered by [[ibm-acpi]] for {{path|/etc/acpi/events}} files.
! key !! event
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F1}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00001001
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F2}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00001002
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F3}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00001003
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F4}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00001004
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F5}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00001005
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F6}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00001006
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F7}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00001007
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F8}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00001008
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F9}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00001009
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F10}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 0000100a
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F11}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 0000100b
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F12}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 0000100c
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Backspace}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 0000100d
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Ins}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 0000100e
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Del}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 0000100f
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Pos1}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00001010
|-
| {{ibmkey|Power|#494949}} || button/power PWRF 00000080 xxxxxxxx
|-
| Display lid || button/lid LID 00000080 xxxxxxxx
|-
| Ultrabay eject || ibm/bay MSTR 00000003 00000000
|-
| Ultrabay inserted || ibm/bay MSTR 00000001 00000000
|-
| Dock eject || ibm/dock GDCK 00000003 00000001
|-
| Wireless switch || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00007000
|}

=== Pure ACPI events ===

A few keys can generate ACPI events of their own on certain ThinkPads, as long as they are masked off in the ibm-acpi hotkey's mask (or the hotkey feature is disabled in ibm-acpi).

If you want the ThinkPad's BIOS and ACPI methods to know about these keys being pressed, you probably want to leave them masked out from ibm-acpi, and use their non-HKEY events listed below, instead.

{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
|+ events triggered by ACPI when hotkey is masked out or disabled.
! key !! event
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F4}} || button/sleep SLPB 00000080 00000001
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F12}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 0000100c
|}

===tpb configuration===
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
|+ configuration keywords for [[tpb]] (to put in {{path|/etc/tpbrc}})
! key !! config keyword
|-
| {{ibmkey|Access IBM|#495988}} or {{ibmkey|ThinkPad|#494949}} || THINKPAD
|-
| {{ibmkey|Home|#494949}} || HOME
|-
| {{ibmkey|Search|#494949}} || SEARCH
|-
| {{ibmkey|Mail|#494949}} || MAIL
|-
| {{ibmkey|Favorites|#494949}} || FAVORITES
|-
| {{ibmkey|Reload|#494949}} || RELOAD
|-
| {{ibmkey|Abort|#494949}} || ABORT
|-
| {{ibmkey|Backward|#494949}} || BACKWARD
|-
| {{ibmkey|Forward|#494949}} || FORWARD
|-
| {{key|Fn}} || FN
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Space}} || CALLBACK (zoom on/off)
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|PageUp}} || CALLBACK (thinklight on/off)
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F7}} || CALLBACK (display lcd/crt/both)
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F8}} || CALLBACK (expand on/off)
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Home}} || CALLBACK (brightness <percent>)
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|End}} || CALLBACK (brightness <percent>)
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume up|#494949}} || CALLBACK (volume <percent>)
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume down|#494949}} || CALLBACK (volume <percent>)
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume mute|#494949}} || CALLBACK (mute on/off)
|}

To all parameter keywords should be assigned the full path to the executables supposed to be started on key press.
The exectable provided for the CALLBACK keyword should take the parameters given in parentheses and act according to them.
If you want to use xmodmap for the HOME, SEARCH, MAIL, FAVORITES, RELOAD, ABORT, BACKWARD, FORWARD and FN keys you should
provide a <tt>XEVENTS OFF</tt> in your {{path|/etc/tpbrc}}.
You can use an appropriate executable to [[How to inject fake keystrokes|inject fake keystrokes]].

For Debian users, tpb is started from {{path|/etc/X11/Xsession.d/90tpb}}.

'''Sound Button configuration'''

''Note: Tested on T60p with Ubuntu 6.06 LTS''

Most Thinkpads have a hardware sound mixer, thus the volumes buttons should work without configuration. However, this change is not reflected in the software mixer. tpb has a switch to enable software mixer support via OSS. The manual recommends this only for devices without a hardware mixer, but it also works for other hadware mixer enabled devices, even with the ALSA system. Just put MIXER ON in your {{path|/etc/tpbrc}} file and you can see the effect immediately in any ALSA mixer (e.g. kmix). For this to work you need write permissions to {{path|/dev/nvram}}.

''Note: Tested on X21 with Ubuntu 6.06 LTS''

On the ThinkPad X21 (and maybe some other older models) ACPI causes problems with tpb. On an X21 using acpi the volume buttons would work occasionally, and the OSD for tpb functions would rarely work. If a volume buttons was pressed too often, sometimes the computer would enter a low power (unplugged state) and would require a reboot. The solution is to use APM instead of ACPI. Instructions can be found in [[How_to_make_APM_work]].

===KMilo configuration===
The programs to be executed by [[KMilo]] are configured via the KDE Control Center (<tt>kcontrol</tt>), under <tt>System Administration --> IBM Thinkpad Laptop</tt>. Note that you can use appropriate commands to [[How to inject fake keystrokes|inject fake keystrokes]].

===xmodmap configuration===
xmodmap enables you to edit the modifier map and keymap tables that are used to translate keycodes into keysyms.
Understood? Well, basically it allows you to give the X server a dictionary for the translation of keycodes like "97" into more human readable synonyms like "Home". This way xmodmap allows you to make the special keys of your keyboard known to X applications.

To discover the keycode that a certain keypress produces, use the tool {{cmduser|xev}}

Usually you should write your keycode-keysym associations into the file {{path|~/.Xmodmap}}. This file is usually read by the X session startup scripts of your system, so that the mappings automatically get included everytime you run the X server.

The {{path|~/.Xmodmap}} lines for our purpose are in the form of
keycode <keycode> = <keysym>

Load the assocation using the command

{{cmduser|xmodmap ~/.Xmodmap}}

(some configurations do this automatically upon X startup).

The following table shows the keycodes generated by the ThinkPad special keys and sensible keysyms to assign them to.
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
|+ keycodes and recommended keysyms
! key !! keycode !! keysym
|-
| {{ibmkey|Access IBM|#495988}} or {{ibmkey|ThinkPad|#494949}} || 159 || XF86LaunchA
|-
| {{ibmkey|Backward|#494949}} || 234 || XF86Back or F19
|-
| {{ibmkey|Forward|#494949}} || 233 || XF86Forward or F20
|-
| {{ibmkey|Home|#494949}} || 178 || XF86HomePage
|-
| {{ibmkey|Search|#494949}} || 229 || XF86Search
|-
| {{ibmkey|Mail|#494949}} || 236 || XF86Mail
|-
| {{ibmkey|Favorites|#494949}} || 230 || XF86AddFavorite or XF86Favorites
|-
| {{ibmkey|Reload|#494949}} || 231 || XF86Reload
|-
| {{ibmkey|Abort|#494949}} || 232 || XF86Stop
|-
| {{key|Fn}} || 227 || F35
|}

Note: if you are running [[tpb]] you might need to add the line <tt>XEVENTS=off</tt> into your tpbrc to stop it from grabbing the key events and allow them to get through to X instead.

Note: XF86Forward and XF86Back do not work correctly in Firefox. You may want to map them to F19 and F20 instead if you use Firefox.

=====Enabling the Windows and Menu Keys=====
On some systems the Windows and Menu keys may not be recognized. You can enable then by
making the following changes:

keycode 115 = F13
keycode 227 = F35

F13 and F35 are used for the Windows and and Menu keys respectively. Labelling keycpode 227 as "Menu" may conflict with the right-mouse-click event.

=====Using Caps Lock as Super L (Windows key)=====
You can easily use Caps Lock as Win key by adding the following in your ~/.Xmodmap:
! No Caps Lock
clear lock
! Caps Lock as Win key
add mod4 = Caps_Lock
=====NumLock=====
On the ThinkPad {{600}}, {{T20}}, {{T21}}, {{T22}}, {{T30}}, {{X21}}, {{X31}}, {{T43}}, {{R51}}, {{R52}} and possibly other models, X does not recognize the keycode for {{key|NumLk}} = {{key|Shift}}+{{key|ScrLk}}. To fix this, add the following to {{path|~/.Xmodmap}} in your home directory or {{path|/etc/X11/Xmodmap}} and run <tt>xmodmap</tt>, ex: <tt>xmodmap ~/.Xmodmap</tt>:
keycode 77 = Num_Lock

===Mapping keys with setkeycodes===
You can use the setkeycodes command to remap certain keys. I.e. you can use {{cmdroot|setkeycodes 6e 109 6d 104 69 28 6b 1}} to map the Tablets Up and Down keys to the standard PageUp and PageDown keys and Tablet Escape and Enter to their respective keys.

The following table shows the keycodes generated by the ThinkPad keys.
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
|+ keycodes
! key !! keycode
|-
| {{ibmkey|Tablet orientation|#494949}} || 0x6d
|-
| {{ibmkey|Tablet Shortcut|#494949}} || 0x6e
|-
| {{ibmkey|Tablet Esc|#494949}} || 0x6b
|-
| {{ibmkey|Tablet Enter|#494949}} || 0x69
|-
| {{ibmkey|Tablet Up|#494949}} || 0x68
|-
| {{ibmkey|Tablet Down|#494949}} || 0x6c
|-
| {{ibmkey|Tablet (unlabeled)|#494949}} || 0x67
|}

==Example Applications==
===Web Browsers===
====Firefox====
To have firefox make use of the browser keys you need to modify one of its files{{footnote|3}}.
To do this you will first need to extract it from the {{path|browser.jar}} archive. Do...

:{{cmdroot|cd <firefox-directory>/chrome}}<br />
:{{cmdroot|unzip browser.jar}}

The file of interest is {{path|content/browser/browser.xul}}. Edit it {and don't forget to make a backup copy first}...
:{{cmdroot|vi content/browser/browser.xul}}

Look for the '''<keyset id="mainKeyset">''' section and add the following lines within...
<key id="goBackKb" keycode="VK_F19" command="Browser:Back" />
<key id="goForwardKb" keycode="VK_F20" command="Browser:Forward" />

The Command you need for Next Tab
<key id="goBackTabKb" keycode="VK_F19" oncommand="gBrowser.mTabContainer.advanceSelectedTab(-1)" />
For the Previous Tab
<key id="goForwardTabKb" keycode="VK_F20" oncommand="gBrowser.mTabContainer.advanceSelectedTab(1)" />

Now save the file and repackage the {{path|browser.jar}} archive...
:{{cmdroot|zip -rD0 browser.jar content/browser/}}

That's it.

{{HINT|Another interesting Page on Firefox is http://dqd.com/~mayoff/notes/thinkpad/dqdnavkeys/ It uses different key mappings (F19 resp. F20) but a ready [http://dqd.com/~mayoff/notes/thinkpad/dqdnavkeys/dqdnavkeys-1.2.xpi .xpi] is provided which is pretty comfortable. However, this xpi file does not install on Firefox 1.5.}}

{{HINT|You can also use the [http://extensionroom.mozdev.org/more-info/keyconfig keyconfig] extension to configure custom keys. This extension works with Firefox 1.5. The Command you need for Next Tab is gBrowser.mTabContainer.advanceSelectedTab(1,true); For Previous Tab its gBrowser.mTabContainer.advanceSelectedTab(-1,true); }}.

====Konqueror====
KDE allows you set key mappings for KDE applications (Go to KMenu > System > Control Center > Regional & Accessibility > Keyboard Shortcuts). By default (at least in KDE 3.5), XF86Back and XF86Forward are set as alternatives to Alt-Left and Alt-Right, and are mapped to KDE Back and Forward navigation actions.

If you use Konqueror as your only browser, you only need to set up {{path|~/.Xmodmap}} as described [[#xmodmap configuration|above]] to assign ThinkPad back/forward keys to the symbols XF86Back/XF86Forward. This also make these keys work for other KDE applications such as Quanta Plus, KPackage and so on (not all KDE applications honor this setting, e.g. KDE help system doesn't).

If you want to use Firefox, however, the above settings do not work. You will have to map ThinkPad back/forward keys to F19/F20 as described [[#Firefox|above]], and change KDE navigation key settings to use F19/F20 instead of the default.

====Opera====
However this isn't a simple configration file, you can set your browser manually.<br />
Go to <i>Tool > Settings > Mouse and keyboard > Keyboard settings > Edit > Browser Window</i>. There add F19 - Back and F20 - Forward. Now you can surf using your TP keys ;-)

===Window Managers===
====fvwm====
To get the {{ibmkey|Forward|#494949}} and {{ibmkey|Backward|#494949}} keys to cycle through pages in the virtual desktop, add this to your {{path|~/.fvwmrc}}:
Key XF86Back A A Scroll -100000 0
Key XF86Forward A A Scroll +100000 0
If you use multiple virtual desktops, you could instead use the keys to flip between them by using GotoDesk.

====fluxbox====
To get the keys to cycle through pages in the virtual desktop, add this to your {{path|~/.fluxbox/keys}}:
None F19 :PrevWorkspace
None F20 :NextWorkspace

====pekwm configuration====
You can make the two browser keys switch workspaces in pekwm, by adding the following two lines to the {{path|~/.pekwm/keys}} file:
KeyPress = "Mod1 XF86Back" { Actions = "GoToWorkspace prev" }
KeyPress = "Mod1 XF86Forward" { Actions = "GoToWorkspace next" }

====pwm====
Another example how to use these two keys to switch between pwm tabs. These two lines should be added to {{path|~/.pwm/keys-default.conf}} or {{path|/etc/pwm/keys-default.conf}}:
kbind "Back", "switch_rot", -1
kbind "Forward", "switch_rot", 1

====icewm====
Some applications use {{key|Ctrl}}{{key|Left}} and {{key|Ctrl}}{{key|Right}} to set the cursor to the beginning of the previous / next word. In icewm, though, they're bound to previous / next workspace. Change these two options in {{path|~/.icewm/preferences}} to bind those to {{ibmkey|Forward|#494949}} and {{ibmkey|Backward|#494949}}: (Provided you assigned keysyms F19 and F20 with xmodmap)
# "Previous workspace" shortcut
KeySysWorkspacePrev="F19"
# "Next workspace" shortcut
KeySysWorkspaceNext="F20"

===Other Uses===
====Console tools configuraton====
To make the {{ibmkey|Forward|#494949}} and {{ibmkey|Backward|#494949}} keys useful in console, add this to your keymap ({{path|/etc/console/boottime.kmap.gz}} in {{Debian}}):
keycode 158 = Decr_Console
keycode 159 = Incr_Console

Alternatively you can load this script (perhaps on system startup) to enable Backward/Forward button console (VT) switch:

#!/bin/sh
setkeycodes e06a 126 e069 127
echo keycode 126 = Decr_Console | loadkeys
echo keycode 127 = Incr_Console | loadkeys

It should work with any distro.

==External Sources==
*[http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?lndocid=MIGR-51537 IBMs page on configuring the ThinkPad buttons (ThinkPad, Access IBM, Mail, Search, and Home buttons) under Linux]
*[http://dqd.com/~mayoff/notes/thinkpad/dqdnavkeys/ Rob Mayoffs page on using IBM Keyboard Navigation Keys in Linux Mozilla and Firefox]
*[http://snarfed.org/space/thinkpad+keys+in+firefox Ryan Barretts blog article about using the browser keys in Firefox]

{{footnotes|
#if there are more than one tool listed, one is sufficient
#'full' means you can completely reassign any action to be triggered by the key, 'additional actions' means you can trigger actions in addition to the standard function of the key, which can not be changed.
#Thanks go to Ryan Barrett for writing the [http://snarfed.org/space/thinkpad+keys+in+firefox little howto] on [http://snarfed.org/space/start his blog].
}}

How to get special keys to work

2006-12-21T09:54:05Z

Tpl: /* NumLock */

==Overview==
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
! key !! standard function !! tools supporting key{{footnote|1}} !! configurability{{footnote|2}} !! remarks
|-
| {{key|Fn}} || - || [[#xmodmap configuration|xmodmap]], [[#tpb configuration|tpb]] || full || on release without completed key combination
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F1}} || - || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F2}} || lock screen || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]] || full || in models from T/X/Z 60 onwards
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F3}} || blank screen || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]], [[thinkpad-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F4}} || suspend to ram || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]], [[thinkpad-acpi]] || full || may generate ACPI event when not enabled in the ibm-acpi hotkey mask
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F5}} || switch bluetooth || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]], [[thinkpad-acpi]] || full || in models starting from 2002
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F6}} || - || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F7}} || switch display || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]], [[thinkpad-acpi]], [[#tpb configuration|tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F8}} || toggle display expansion || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]], [[thinkpad-acpi]], [[#tpb configuration|tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F9}} || eject from dock || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]], [[thinkpad-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F10}} || - || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F11}} || - || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F12}} || hibernate || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]], [[thinkpad-acpi]] || full || may generate ACPI event when not enabled in the ibm-acpi hotkey mask
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Pos1}} || brightness up || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]], [[#tpb configuration|tpb]], [[KMilo]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|End}} || brightness down || [[#tpb configuration|tpb]], [[KMilo]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|PageUp}} || toggle thinklight || [[#tpb configuration|tpb]], [[KMilo]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Space}} || toggle zoom || [[#tpb configuration|tpb]], [[KMilo]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Ins}} || - || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Del}} || - || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Backspace}} || - || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|NumLock}} || - || [[#xmodmap configuration|xmodmap]] || make working ||
|-
| {{key|Windows}} || - || [[#xmodmap configuration|xmodmap]] || remapping ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Access IBM|#495988}} or {{ibmkey|ThinkPad|#494949}} || help application || [[#tpb configuration|tpb]], [[KMilo]] || full ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Home|#494949}} || open web browser || [[#xmodmap configuration|xmodmap]], [[#tpb configuration|tpb]], [[KMilo]] || full || only {{A30}}, {{A30p}}, {{A31}}, {{A31p}} and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Search|#494949}} || open search application || [[#xmodmap configuration|xmodmap]], [[#tpb configuration|tpb]], [[KMilo]] || full || only {{A30}}, {{A30p}}, {{A31}}, {{A31p}} and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Mail|#494949}} || open mail application || [[#xmodmap configuration|xmodmap]], [[#tpb configuration|tpb]], [[KMilo]] || full || only {{A30}}, {{A30p}}, {{A31}}, {{A31p}} and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Favorites|#494949}} || open favorites || [[#xmodmap configuration|xmodmap]], [[#tpb configuration|tpb]] || full || only {{A30}}, {{A30p}}, {{A31}}, {{A31p}} and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Reload|#494949}} || reload web page || [[#xmodmap configuration|xmodmap]], [[#tpb configuration|tpb]] || full || only {{A30}}, {{A30p}}, {{A31}}, {{A31p}} and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Abort|#494949}} || abort loading page || [[#xmodmap configuration|xmodmap]], [[#tpb configuration|tpb]] || full || only {{A30}}, {{A30p}}, {{A31}}, {{A31p}} and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Backward|#494949}} || previous page || [[#xmodmap configuration|xmodmap]], [[#tpb configuration|tpb]] || full || ext. keyboards and ThinkPads starting from 2002
|-
| {{ibmkey|Forward|#494949}} || next page || [[#xmodmap configuration|xmodmap]], [[#tpb configuration|tpb]] || full || ext. keyboards and ThinkPads starting from 2002
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume up|#494949}} || volume up || [[#tpb configuration|tpb]], [[KMilo]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume down|#494949}} || volume down || [[#tpb configuration|tpb]], [[KMilo]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume mute|#494949}} || mute volume || [[#tpb configuration|tpb]], [[KMilo]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Power|#494949}} || shutdown || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]] || full || triggered on pressing 3secs, but notebook goes off on 5sec press
|-
| Display lid || blank screen || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| Ultrabay lid || announce ultrabay change || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| Dock eject || eject from dock || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Tablet power|#494949}} || shutdown || [[#ibm-acpi events|ibm-acpi]] || full || triggered on pressing 3secs, but notebook goes off on 5sec press
|-
| {{ibmkey|Tablet orientation|#494949}} || rotates screen || [[#Mapping keys with setkeycodes|setkeycodes]] || full ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Tablet shortcut|#494949}} || shortcut menu || [[#Mapping keys with setkeycodes|setkeycodes]] || full ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Tablet Esc|#494949}} || esc key || [[#Mapping keys with setkeycodes|setkeycodes]] || full ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Tablet Enter|#494949}} || enter key || [[#mapping keys with setkeycodes|setkeycodes]] || full ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Tablet Up|#494949}} || up key || [[#Mapping keys with setkeycodes|setkeycodes]] || full ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Tablet Down|#494949}} || down key || [[#Mapping keys with setkeycodes|setkeycodes]] || full ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Tablet (unlabeled)|#494949}} || down key || [[#Mapping keys with setkeycodes|setkeycodes]] || full ||
|}

==Triggering key events==
===ibm-acpi events===
Some of the following events require a {{cmdroot|echo enable,0xffff >/proc/acpi/ibm/hotkey}} in order to make acpi able to get information on them. These events can be used to [[How to configure acpid|configure acpid]].

{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
|+ events triggered by [[ibm-acpi]] for {{path|/etc/acpi/events}} files.
! key !! event
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F1}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00001001
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F2}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00001002
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F3}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00001003
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F4}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00001004
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F5}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00001005
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F6}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00001006
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F7}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00001007
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F8}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00001008
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F9}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00001009
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F10}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 0000100a
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F11}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 0000100b
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F12}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 0000100c
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Backspace}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 0000100d
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Ins}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 0000100e
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Del}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 0000100f
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Pos1}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00001010
|-
| {{ibmkey|Power|#494949}} || button/power PWRF 00000080 xxxxxxxx
|-
| Display lid || button/lid LID 00000080 xxxxxxxx
|-
| Ultrabay eject || ibm/bay MSTR 00000003 00000000
|-
| Ultrabay inserted || ibm/bay MSTR 00000001 00000000
|-
| Dock eject || ibm/dock GDCK 00000003 00000001
|-
| Wireless switch || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00007000
|}

=== Pure ACPI events ===

A few keys can generate ACPI events of their own on certain ThinkPads, as long as they are masked off in the ibm-acpi hotkey's mask (or the hotkey feature is disabled in ibm-acpi).

If you want the ThinkPad's BIOS and ACPI methods to know about these keys being pressed, you probably want to leave them masked out from ibm-acpi, and use their non-HKEY events listed below, instead.

{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
|+ events triggered by ACPI when hotkey is masked out or disabled.
! key !! event
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F4}} || button/sleep SLPB 00000080 00000001
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F12}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 0000100c
|}

===tpb configuration===
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
|+ configuration keywords for [[tpb]] (to put in {{path|/etc/tpbrc}})
! key !! config keyword
|-
| {{ibmkey|Access IBM|#495988}} or {{ibmkey|ThinkPad|#494949}} || THINKPAD
|-
| {{ibmkey|Home|#494949}} || HOME
|-
| {{ibmkey|Search|#494949}} || SEARCH
|-
| {{ibmkey|Mail|#494949}} || MAIL
|-
| {{ibmkey|Favorites|#494949}} || FAVORITES
|-
| {{ibmkey|Reload|#494949}} || RELOAD
|-
| {{ibmkey|Abort|#494949}} || ABORT
|-
| {{ibmkey|Backward|#494949}} || BACKWARD
|-
| {{ibmkey|Forward|#494949}} || FORWARD
|-
| {{key|Fn}} || FN
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Space}} || CALLBACK (zoom on/off)
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|PageUp}} || CALLBACK (thinklight on/off)
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F7}} || CALLBACK (display lcd/crt/both)
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F8}} || CALLBACK (expand on/off)
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Home}} || CALLBACK (brightness <percent>)
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|End}} || CALLBACK (brightness <percent>)
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume up|#494949}} || CALLBACK (volume <percent>)
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume down|#494949}} || CALLBACK (volume <percent>)
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume mute|#494949}} || CALLBACK (mute on/off)
|}

To all parameter keywords should be assigned the full path to the executables supposed to be started on key press.
The exectable provided for the CALLBACK keyword should take the parameters given in parentheses and act according to them.
If you want to use xmodmap for the HOME, SEARCH, MAIL, FAVORITES, RELOAD, ABORT, BACKWARD, FORWARD and FN keys you should
provide a <tt>XEVENTS OFF</tt> in your {{path|/etc/tpbrc}}.
You can use an appropriate executable to [[How to inject fake keystrokes|inject fake keystrokes]].

For Debian users, tpb is started from {{path|/etc/X11/Xsession.d/90tpb}}.

'''Sound Button configuration'''

''Note: Tested on T60p with Ubuntu 6.06 LTS''

Most Thinkpads have a hardware sound mixer, thus the volumes buttons should work without configuration. However, this change is not reflected in the software mixer. tpb has a switch to enable software mixer support via OSS. The manual recommends this only for devices without a hardware mixer, but it also works for other hadware mixer enabled devices, even with the ALSA system. Just put MIXER ON in your {{path|/etc/tpbrc}} file and you can see the effect immediately in any ALSA mixer (e.g. kmix). For this to work you need write permissions to {{path|/dev/nvram}}.

''Note: Tested on X21 with Ubuntu 6.06 LTS''

On the ThinkPad X21 (and maybe some other older models) ACPI causes problems with tpb. On an X21 using acpi the volume buttons would work occasionally, and the OSD for tpb functions would rarely work. If a volume buttons was pressed too often, sometimes the computer would enter a low power (unplugged state) and would require a reboot. The solution is to use APM instead of ACPI. Instructions can be found in [[How_to_make_APM_work]].

===KMilo configuration===
The programs to be executed by [[KMilo]] are configured via the KDE Control Center (<tt>kcontrol</tt>), under <tt>System Administration --> IBM Thinkpad Laptop</tt>. Note that you can use appropriate commands to [[How to inject fake keystrokes|inject fake keystrokes]].

===xmodmap configuration===
xmodmap enables you to edit the modifier map and keymap tables that are used to translate keycodes into keysyms.
Understood? Well, basically it allows you to give the X server a dictionary for the translation of keycodes like "97" into more human readable synonyms like "Home". This way xmodmap allows you to make the special keys of your keyboard known to X applications.

To discover the keycode that a certain keypress produces, use the tool {{cmduser|xev}}

Usually you should write your keycode-keysym associations into the file {{path|~/.Xmodmap}}. This file is usually read by the X session startup scripts of your system, so that the mappings automatically get included everytime you run the X server.

The {{path|~/.Xmodmap}} lines for our purpose are in the form of
keycode <keycode> = <keysym>

Load the assocation using the command

{{cmduser|xmodmap ~/.Xmodmap}}

(some configurations do this automatically upon X startup).

The following table shows the keycodes generated by the ThinkPad special keys and sensible keysyms to assign them to.
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
|+ keycodes and recommended keysyms
! key !! keycode !! keysym
|-
| {{ibmkey|Access IBM|#495988}} or {{ibmkey|ThinkPad|#494949}} || 159 || XF86LaunchA
|-
| {{ibmkey|Backward|#494949}} || 234 || XF86Back or F19
|-
| {{ibmkey|Forward|#494949}} || 233 || XF86Forward or F20
|-
| {{ibmkey|Home|#494949}} || 178 || XF86HomePage
|-
| {{ibmkey|Search|#494949}} || 229 || XF86Search
|-
| {{ibmkey|Mail|#494949}} || 236 || XF86Mail
|-
| {{ibmkey|Favorites|#494949}} || 230 || XF86AddFavorite or XF86Favorites
|-
| {{ibmkey|Reload|#494949}} || 231 || XF86Reload
|-
| {{ibmkey|Abort|#494949}} || 232 || XF86Stop
|-
| {{key|Fn}} || 227 || F35
|}

Note: if you are running [[tpb]] you might need to add the line <tt>XEVENTS=off</tt> into your tpbrc to stop it from grabbing the key events and allow them to get through to X instead.

Note: XF86Forward and XF86Back do not work correctly in Firefox. You may want to map them to F19 and F20 instead if you use Firefox.

=====Enabling the Windows and Menu Keys=====
On some systems the Windows and Menu keys may not be recognized. You can enable then by
making the following changes:

keycode 115 = F13
keycode 227 = F35

F13 and F35 are used for the Windows and and Menu keys respectively. Labelling keycpode 227 as "Menu" may conflict with the right-mouse-click event.

=====Using Caps Lock as Super L (Windows key)=====
You can easily use Caps Lock as Win key by adding the following in your ~/.Xmodmap:
! No Caps Lock
clear lock
! Caps Lock as Win key
add mod4 = Caps_Lock
=====NumLock=====
On the ThinkPad {{600}}, {{X21}}, {{T20}}, {{T21}}, {{T30}}, {{X31}}, {{T43}}, {{R51}}, {{R52}} and possibly other models, X does not recognize the keycode for {{key|NumLk}} = {{key|Shift}}+{{key|ScrLk}}. To fix this, add the following to {{path|~/.Xmodmap}} in your home directory or {{path|/etc/X11/Xmodmap}} and run <tt>xmodmap</tt>, ex: <tt>xmodmap ~/.Xmodmap</tt>:
keycode 77 = Num_Lock

===Mapping keys with setkeycodes===
You can use the setkeycodes command to remap certain keys. I.e. you can use {{cmdroot|setkeycodes 6e 109 6d 104 69 28 6b 1}} to map the Tablets Up and Down keys to the standard PageUp and PageDown keys and Tablet Escape and Enter to their respective keys.

The following table shows the keycodes generated by the ThinkPad keys.
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
|+ keycodes
! key !! keycode
|-
| {{ibmkey|Tablet orientation|#494949}} || 0x6d
|-
| {{ibmkey|Tablet Shortcut|#494949}} || 0x6e
|-
| {{ibmkey|Tablet Esc|#494949}} || 0x6b
|-
| {{ibmkey|Tablet Enter|#494949}} || 0x69
|-
| {{ibmkey|Tablet Up|#494949}} || 0x68
|-
| {{ibmkey|Tablet Down|#494949}} || 0x6c
|-
| {{ibmkey|Tablet (unlabeled)|#494949}} || 0x67
|}

==Example Applications==
===Web Browsers===
====Firefox====
To have firefox make use of the browser keys you need to modify one of its files{{footnote|3}}.
To do this you will first need to extract it from the {{path|browser.jar}} archive. Do...

:{{cmdroot|cd <firefox-directory>/chrome}}<br />
:{{cmdroot|unzip browser.jar}}

The file of interest is {{path|content/browser/browser.xul}}. Edit it {and don't forget to make a backup copy first}...
:{{cmdroot|vi content/browser/browser.xul}}

Look for the '''<keyset id="mainKeyset">''' section and add the following lines within...
<key id="goBackKb" keycode="VK_F19" command="Browser:Back" />
<key id="goForwardKb" keycode="VK_F20" command="Browser:Forward" />

The Command you need for Next Tab
<key id="goBackTabKb" keycode="VK_F19" oncommand="gBrowser.mTabContainer.advanceSelectedTab(-1)" />
For the Previous Tab
<key id="goForwardTabKb" keycode="VK_F20" oncommand="gBrowser.mTabContainer.advanceSelectedTab(1)" />

Now save the file and repackage the {{path|browser.jar}} archive...
:{{cmdroot|zip -rD0 browser.jar content/browser/}}

That's it.

{{HINT|Another interesting Page on Firefox is http://dqd.com/~mayoff/notes/thinkpad/dqdnavkeys/ It uses different key mappings (F19 resp. F20) but a ready [http://dqd.com/~mayoff/notes/thinkpad/dqdnavkeys/dqdnavkeys-1.2.xpi .xpi] is provided which is pretty comfortable. However, this xpi file does not install on Firefox 1.5.}}

{{HINT|You can also use the [http://extensionroom.mozdev.org/more-info/keyconfig keyconfig] extension to configure custom keys. This extension works with Firefox 1.5. The Command you need for Next Tab is gBrowser.mTabContainer.advanceSelectedTab(1,true); For Previous Tab its gBrowser.mTabContainer.advanceSelectedTab(-1,true); }}.

====Konqueror====
KDE allows you set key mappings for KDE applications (Go to KMenu > System > Control Center > Regional & Accessibility > Keyboard Shortcuts). By default (at least in KDE 3.5), XF86Back and XF86Forward are set as alternatives to Alt-Left and Alt-Right, and are mapped to KDE Back and Forward navigation actions.

If you use Konqueror as your only browser, you only need to set up {{path|~/.Xmodmap}} as described [[#xmodmap configuration|above]] to assign ThinkPad back/forward keys to the symbols XF86Back/XF86Forward. This also make these keys work for other KDE applications such as Quanta Plus, KPackage and so on (not all KDE applications honor this setting, e.g. KDE help system doesn't).

If you want to use Firefox, however, the above settings do not work. You will have to map ThinkPad back/forward keys to F19/F20 as described [[#Firefox|above]], and change KDE navigation key settings to use F19/F20 instead of the default.

====Opera====
However this isn't a simple configration file, you can set your browser manually.<br />
Go to <i>Tool > Settings > Mouse and keyboard > Keyboard settings > Edit > Browser Window</i>. There add F19 - Back and F20 - Forward. Now you can surf using your TP keys ;-)

===Window Managers===
====fvwm====
To get the {{ibmkey|Forward|#494949}} and {{ibmkey|Backward|#494949}} keys to cycle through pages in the virtual desktop, add this to your {{path|~/.fvwmrc}}:
Key XF86Back A A Scroll -100000 0
Key XF86Forward A A Scroll +100000 0
If you use multiple virtual desktops, you could instead use the keys to flip between them by using GotoDesk.

====fluxbox====
To get the keys to cycle through pages in the virtual desktop, add this to your {{path|~/.fluxbox/keys}}:
None F19 :PrevWorkspace
None F20 :NextWorkspace

====pekwm configuration====
You can make the two browser keys switch workspaces in pekwm, by adding the following two lines to the {{path|~/.pekwm/keys}} file:
KeyPress = "Mod1 XF86Back" { Actions = "GoToWorkspace prev" }
KeyPress = "Mod1 XF86Forward" { Actions = "GoToWorkspace next" }

====pwm====
Another example how to use these two keys to switch between pwm tabs. These two lines should be added to {{path|~/.pwm/keys-default.conf}} or {{path|/etc/pwm/keys-default.conf}}:
kbind "Back", "switch_rot", -1
kbind "Forward", "switch_rot", 1

====icewm====
Some applications use {{key|Ctrl}}{{key|Left}} and {{key|Ctrl}}{{key|Right}} to set the cursor to the beginning of the previous / next word. In icewm, though, they're bound to previous / next workspace. Change these two options in {{path|~/.icewm/preferences}} to bind those to {{ibmkey|Forward|#494949}} and {{ibmkey|Backward|#494949}}: (Provided you assigned keysyms F19 and F20 with xmodmap)
# "Previous workspace" shortcut
KeySysWorkspacePrev="F19"
# "Next workspace" shortcut
KeySysWorkspaceNext="F20"

===Other Uses===
====Console tools configuraton====
To make the {{ibmkey|Forward|#494949}} and {{ibmkey|Backward|#494949}} keys useful in console, add this to your keymap ({{path|/etc/console/boottime.kmap.gz}} in {{Debian}}):
keycode 158 = Decr_Console
keycode 159 = Incr_Console

Alternatively you can load this script (perhaps on system startup) to enable Backward/Forward button console (VT) switch:

#!/bin/sh
setkeycodes e06a 126 e069 127
echo keycode 126 = Decr_Console | loadkeys
echo keycode 127 = Incr_Console | loadkeys

It should work with any distro.

==External Sources==
*[http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?lndocid=MIGR-51537 IBMs page on configuring the ThinkPad buttons (ThinkPad, Access IBM, Mail, Search, and Home buttons) under Linux]
*[http://dqd.com/~mayoff/notes/thinkpad/dqdnavkeys/ Rob Mayoffs page on using IBM Keyboard Navigation Keys in Linux Mozilla and Firefox]
*[http://snarfed.org/space/thinkpad+keys+in+firefox Ryan Barretts blog article about using the browser keys in Firefox]

{{footnotes|
#if there are more than one tool listed, one is sufficient
#'full' means you can completely reassign any action to be triggered by the key, 'additional actions' means you can trigger actions in addition to the standard function of the key, which can not be changed.
#Thanks go to Ryan Barrett for writing the [http://snarfed.org/space/thinkpad+keys+in+firefox little howto] on [http://snarfed.org/space/start his blog].
}}

Xircom 10/100 EtherJet Mini PCI Adapter with 56K Modem

2006-08-27T02:12:07Z

Tpl: /* Modem Features */

__NOTOC__
{| width="100%"
|style="vertical-align:top" |
<div style="margin: 0; margin-right:10px; border: 1px solid #dfdfdf; padding: 0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#F8F8FF; align:right;">
=== Xircom 10/100 EtherJet Mini PCI Adapter with 56K Modem ===
This is a Mini-PCI combination Ethernet and Modem Adapter that is installed in a Mini-PCI slot.
=== Ethernet Features ===
* Chipset: Intel
* Speeds: 10/100
=== Modem Features ===
* Chipset: lucent
</div>
|style="vertical-align:top" |
|}

=== IBM Partnumbers ===
IBM Option PN: 19K5887 (withdrawn)<br>
IBM FRU PN: 19K5888

=== Also known (in IBM literature) as.... ===
* 10/100 EtherJet Mini PCI Adapter with 56K Modem
* Mini PCI combo card (Intel)

=== Linux Ethernet driver ===
This card will work with the standard '[[e100]]' Linux driver as part of any recent 2.4 or 2.6 kernel<br>
Alternatively the older '[[eepro100]]' driver should also work.

=== Linux Modem driver ===
ltmodem

=== ThinkPads this card may be found in ===
* {{A21e}}, {{A21m}}, {{A21p}}, {{T21}}
* {{TransNote}}

[[Category:Components]]

Xircom 10/100 EtherJet Mini PCI Adapter with 56K Modem

2006-08-27T02:11:24Z

Tpl: /* Linux Modem driver */

__NOTOC__
{| width="100%"
|style="vertical-align:top" |
<div style="margin: 0; margin-right:10px; border: 1px solid #dfdfdf; padding: 0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#F8F8FF; align:right;">
=== Xircom 10/100 EtherJet Mini PCI Adapter with 56K Modem ===
This is a Mini-PCI combination Ethernet and Modem Adapter that is installed in a Mini-PCI slot.
=== Ethernet Features ===
* Chipset: Intel
* Speeds: 10/100
=== Modem Features ===
* Chipset: Xircom ??
</div>
|style="vertical-align:top" |
|}
=== IBM Partnumbers ===
IBM Option PN: 19K5887 (withdrawn)<br>
IBM FRU PN: 19K5888

=== Also known (in IBM literature) as.... ===
* 10/100 EtherJet Mini PCI Adapter with 56K Modem
* Mini PCI combo card (Intel)

=== Linux Ethernet driver ===
This card will work with the standard '[[e100]]' Linux driver as part of any recent 2.4 or 2.6 kernel<br>
Alternatively the older '[[eepro100]]' driver should also work.

=== Linux Modem driver ===
ltmodem

=== ThinkPads this card may be found in ===
* {{A21e}}, {{A21m}}, {{A21p}}, {{T21}}
* {{TransNote}}

[[Category:Components]]