ThinkWiki - User contributions [en]

Code/tp power monitor.py

2011-01-09T03:54:13Z

Newacct:

<pre>#!/usr/bin/python

# COPYRIGHT (C) 2006 Matthew Garman
# matthew (dot) garman (at) gmail (dot) com
# License: MIT <http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php>

import sys, time, getopt, os, re

class tpPowerMonitorDataSource:

# The name of the file to parse for needed data (data_source_file) OR
# the name of a command whose output will be read as a file
# (os.popen(shell_command)).
#
# Typically, data_source_file will be something from /proc (or
# possibly /sys), and shell_command will be a utility+arguments such
# as "iwconfig eth1 power".
#
# Note that you should set EITHER data_source_file OR shell_command,
# but not both.
data_source_file = None
shell_command = None

# The line number of the data file containing our data OR the string
# that marks the beginning of the line in which we're interested
# (startswith_string) OR a regular expression to key the data for
# which we're looking (regexp_pattern).
line_number = None
startswith_string = None
regexp_pattern = None

# The string that delimits the line containing our data. This will be
# used as the parameter to split(). Note that you can leave this as
# None to split on whitespace.
split_string = None

# A mapping of data names to indices in the split string.
name_index_map = {}

def __init__(self, file, cmd, line, swstr, pat, splstr, map):
self.data_source_file = file
self.shell_command = cmd
self.line_number = line
self.startswith_string = swstr
self.regexp_pattern = pat
self.split_string = splstr
self.name_index_map = map

def printMembers(self):
print "\t" + 'self.data_source_file = ' + str(self.data_source_file)
print "\t" + 'self.shell_command = ' + str(self.shell_command)
print "\t" + 'self.line_number = ' + str(self.line_number)
print "\t" + 'self.startswith_string = ' + str(self.startswith_string)
print "\t" + 'self.regexp_pattern = ' + str(self.regexp_pattern)
print "\t" + 'self.split_string = ' + str(self.split_string)
print "\t" + 'self.name_index_map = ' + str(self.name_index_map)

def readData(self, d):
# open the data source file or run the command that will produce
# the data
file = None
if self.data_source_file:
file = open(self.data_source_file, 'r')
elif self.shell_command:
file = os.popen(self.shell_command)
else:
print 'error: no data source defined'
self.printMembers()
# read the contents of the file into a list and close the file
lines = None
if file:
lines = file.readlines()
file.close()
else:
print 'error: data file not opened'
self.printMembers()
# now get the line in the file with our data
line = None
if lines:
if None != self.line_number:
line = lines[self.line_number]
elif self.startswith_string:
for l in lines:
if l.startswith(self.startswith_string):
line = l
break
elif self.regexp_pattern:
for l in lines:
if re.compile(self.regexp_pattern).match(l):
line = l
break
else:
print 'error: no lines in data file'
self.printMembers()
# now get the data we want from the line itself
if line:
fields = line.split(self.split_string)
for key, value in self.name_index_map.items():
d[key] = fields[value].strip()
else:
print 'error: could not find line with data in file'
self.printMembers()

# END --- class tpPowerMonitorDataSource

tp_data_sources = [

tpPowerMonitorDataSource(
'/proc/cpuinfo', # data file
None, # shell command
None, # line index
'cpu MHz', # startswith() string
None, # regexp pattern
':', # split string
{'proc_cpuinfo_cpu_mhz': 1} # name-to-index map
),

# http://thinkwiki.org/wiki/Ipw2200#Power_Management
tpPowerMonitorDataSource(
None, # data file
'/sbin/iwpriv eth1 get_power', # shell command
0, # line index
None, # startswith() string
None, # regexp pattern
':', # split string
{'iwpriv_get_power': 2} # name-to-index map
),

# http://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic-t-447841.html
# see post from ruben on Wed Mar 29, 2006 4:09 am
tpPowerMonitorDataSource(
None,
'/usr/bin/sudo /sbin/hdparm -C /dev/sda',
None,
' drive state is',
None,
':',
{'hard_drive_power_state': 1}
),

# http://thinkwiki.org/wiki/Thermal_sensors
tpPowerMonitorDataSource(
'/proc/acpi/ibm/thermal',
None,
0,
None,
None,
None,
{'ibm_thermal_cpu': 1,
'ibm_thermal_hdaps': 2,
'ibm_thermal_pmcia': 3,
'ibm_thermal_gpu': 4,
'ibm_thermal_batt_fl': 5,
'ibm_thermal_batt_br': 7 }
),

# http://mailman.linux-thinkpad.org/pipermail/linux-thinkpad/2006-July/034738.html
tpPowerMonitorDataSource(
'/proc/acpi/processor/CPU/power',
None,
None,
'bus master activity',
None,
':',
{'bus_master_activity': 1}
),

tpPowerMonitorDataSource(
'/proc/acpi/battery/BAT0/state',
None,
None,
'present rate:',
None,
None,
{'battery0_state_present_rate': 2}
),

tpPowerMonitorDataSource(
None,
'/usr/bin/sudo /usr/sbin/radeontool dac',
0,
None,
None,
None,
{'radeontool_dac_ext_vga': -1}
),

tpPowerMonitorDataSource(
None,
'/usr/bin/sudo /usr/sbin/radeontool light',
0,
None,
None,
None,
{'radeontool_light_lcd': -1}
),

# http://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic-t-343029-highlight-rovclock.html
tpPowerMonitorDataSource(
None,
'/usr/bin/sudo /usr/sbin/rovclock -i',
None,
'Core: ',
None,
None,
{'rovclock_gpu_clock': 1,
'rovclock_mem_clock': 4 }
),

tpPowerMonitorDataSource(
None,
'/sbin/iwconfig eth1',
None,
None,
'.*Power Management.*',
':',
{'wireless_power_mgmt_state': 1}
),

tpPowerMonitorDataSource(
'/proc/loadavg',
None,
0,
None,
None,
None,
{'proc_loadavg_1min': 0,
'proc_loadavg_5min': 1,
'proc_loadavg_15min': 2 }
),
]
log_data = list()
poll_freq_hz = 1
run_time_sec = 60*60
logfile = None

def collectPowerData():
global run_time_sec
global poll_freq_hz
global log_data
global logfile
global tp_data_sources

log = None
if logfile:
log = open(logfile, 'w')
log.write("time, data\n")
end_t = time.time()+run_time_sec
while time.time() < end_t:
datum = {}
for dsrc in tp_data_sources:
dsrc.readData(datum)
log_data.append(datum)
if log: log.write(str(time.time()) + ', ' + str(datum) + "\n")
time.sleep(1.0/float(poll_freq_hz))
if log: log.close()

def createStats():
global log_data
global logfile
log = None
if logfile:
log = open(logfile, 'a')
if log: log.close()

def usage():
print 'Usage: ' + sys.argv[0] + \
'[-h] [-f freq_hz] [-t time_min] [-l logfile]'
print "\t-h Display this help"
print "\t-f freq_hz The polling frequency in Hertz, default=" \
+ str(poll_freq_hz)
print "\t-t time_min Total poll time in minutes, default=" \
+ str(run_time_sec/60)
print "\t-l logfile Write poll data to indicated log file"

def main():
global poll_freq_hz
global run_time_sec
global logfile

# parse options
# see: http://docs.python.org/lib/module-getopt.html
try:
opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], "hf:t:l:")
except getopt.GetoptError:
usage()
sys.exit(2)
for o, a in opts:
if '-h' == o:
usage()
sys.exit()
if '-f' == o:
poll_freq_hz = int(a)
if '-t' == o:
run_time_sec = int(a)*60
if '-l' == o:
logfile = a

# do stuff
print 'running for ' + str(run_time_sec/60) + ' minutes'
print 'poll rate: ' + str(poll_freq_hz) + ' Hz'
print 'logfile: ' + str(logfile)
collectPowerData()
print '...done!'
print 'Data points collected: ' + str(len(log_data))
sum = 0
for d in log_data:
sum += int(d['battery0_state_present_rate'])
avg = float(sum) / float(len(log_data))
print 'Average power draw: ' + str(avg)
if logfile: log = open(logfile, 'a')
if log:
log.write('Average power draw: ' + str(avg))
log.close()

if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
</pre>

Code/tp-theft

2010-08-14T19:23:31Z

Newacct:

<pre>
#!/usr/bin/perl
#
# tp-theft v0.5.1
# (http://thinkwiki.org/wiki/Script_for_theft_alarm_using_HDAPS)

# Provided under the GNU General Public License version 2 or later or
# the GNU Free Documentation License version 1.2 or later, at your option.
# See http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html for the Warranty Disclaimer.

# This script uses the HDAPS accelerometer found on recent ThinkPad models
# to emit an audio alarm when the laptop is tilted. In sufficiently
# populated environments, it can be used as a laptop theft deterrent.
# Uses a state machine and some heuristics to reduce false alarms.
#
# By default the alarm will be activated only when the KDE screen saver is
# locked. If you you open the laptop lid (or press the lid button) shortly
# before or after the beginning of movement, the alarm will be suspended
# (except for a brief warning) and you will get a few seconds of grace to
# unlock the screen saver. You can disable this functionality by passing
# the "--arm" parameter, or by setting $use_kde=0 and $use_lid=0.
#
# There is also an option to track a BlueTooth device (e.g., a mobile phone).
# In this case, the alarm is activated (and optionally, the KDE desktop is
# locked) whenever the device is turned off or too distant for a given period,
# and deactivated when the BlueTooth device is nearby. You need to provide the
# device's BD address. If both KDE screen saver and BlueTooth checking are
# enabled, then the alarm will be activated when *either* the screensaver
# is enabled or the BlueTooth device is amiss.
#
# To control the sound and blinkenlights, and adjust the alarm activation
# parameters, see the variables below.

use strict;
use warnings;
use FileHandle;
use IO::Pipe;
use Time::HiRes qw(sleep time);
use POSIX qw(:errno_h :signal_h);

##############################
# Siren volume and content

# Alarm audio volume (0..100)
my $alarm_volume = 70;
# Alarm command (default: synthesize a siren for 1.0 seconds):
my $alarm_cmd = "sox -t nul /dev/null -t wav -s -w -c2 -r48000 -t raw - synth 1.0 sine 2000-4000 sine 4000-2000 | aplay -q -fS16_LE -c2 -r48000";
# my $alarm_cmd = "aplay keep_your_hands_off_me.wav";

# Warning audio volume (0..100)
my $warn_volume = 45;
# Alarm command (default: synthesize a biref siren):
my $warn_cmd = "sox -t nul /dev/null -t wav -s -w -c2 -r48000 -t raw - synth 0.10 sine 2000-4000 sine 4000-2000 | aplay -q -fS16_LE -c2 -r48000";
# my $warn_cmd = "aplay warning.wav";

# Set ibm_acpi volume (0..15), if ibm_acpi is loaded with "experimental=1".
# Combining $acpi_volume=15 and $alarm_volume=100 makes the alarm
# dangerously loud.
my $acpi_volume = 10;

# Blink system LEDs when alarm activated?
my $use_led = 'safe'; # 0=off, 'safe'=only LEDs whose state you can recover, 'all'=pretty blinkenlights!

# Blink ThinkLight when alarm activated?
my $use_light = 0; # 0=off, 1=on

##############################
# Activation control

# Tilt threshold (increase value to decrease sensitivity):
my $thresh = 0.20;
# Minimum movement duration between warning and alarm:
my $min_hold = 1.3;
# When armed, any movement triggers alarm. How long should it remain armed?
my $arm_persist = 6;

# After this many seconds of no movement, will allow a grace period again:
my $grace_relax = 15;

# Activate according to KDE screen saver? Otherwise, always active:
my $use_kde = 1;
# When screen saver locked, wait this long before activation:
my $kde_lock_delay = 8;

# Provide grace period if laptop lid is opened?
my $use_lid = 1;
# Opening a lid will grant this many seconds of grace (once):
my $lid_grace = 7;
# Lid must to be opened within this time to hold/pause alarm:
my $lid_grace_window = 8;
# Alarm will hold off this long when grace is available:
my $lid_hold = 3;

# Control arming according by presence of a BlueTooth token
my $use_bluetooth = 0;
# Lock KDE screen saver when BlueTootk is not present?
my $bluetooth_lock_kde = 1;
# BD address of BlueTooth token (use "hcitool scan" to find this)
my $bluetooth_token_addr = '00:00:00:00:00:00';
# Consider token amiss when its received signal leve is below this (see "hcitool rssi")
my $bluetooth_min_rssi = -10;
# Activate if BlueTooth token not seen this long:
my $bluetooth_activate_period = 12;
# Disactivate if BlueTooth token seen this recently:
my $bluetooth_deactivate_period = 5;
# If BlueTooth detection activated KDE lock, don't do it again for this long
my $bluetooth_lock_kde_interval = 30;
# If BlueTooth wasn't polled for this long, disregard recent history
my $bluetooth_reset_period = 10;

##############################
# Other setup vars

my $interval = 0.1; # sampling intervalm in seconds
my $depth = 10; # number of recent samples to analyze
my $verbose = 2; # 0=nothing, 1=alarms, 2=state transitions, 3=everything
my $kde_check_interval = 1.5; # KDE screen saver check is expensive
my $bluetooth_sleep = 1; # Sleep interval in BlueTooth check loop

my $pos_file = '/sys/devices/platform/hdaps/position';
my $lid_file = '/proc/acpi/button/lid/LID/state';
my $led_file = '/proc/acpi/ibm/led';
my $light_file = '/proc/acpi/ibm/light';
my $bay_file = '/proc/acpi/ibm/bay';
my $volume_file = '/proc/acpi/ibm/volume'; # load ibm_acpi with experimental=1
my $bluetooth_file = '/proc/acpi/ibm/bluetooth'; # load ibm_acpi with experimental=1

my $alsactl = '/usr/sbin/alsactl';
my $amixer = 'amixer';
my $kdesktop_lock = '/usr/bin/kdesktop_lock';
my $hcitool = '/usr/bin/hcitool';
my $l2ping = '/usr/bin/l2ping';

##############################
# Utility functions

sub say {
my ($verb, $what) = @_;
print(gmtime().": $what\n") if $verb<=$verbose;
}

sub slurp { # read whole file
my ($filename) = @_;
local $/;
my $fh = new FileHandle($filename,"<") or return;
return <$fh>;
}

sub burp { # write whole file
my ($filename) = shift;
my $fh = new FileHandle($filename,">") or die "Can't open $filename for writing: $!";
print $fh @_ or die "Can't write to $filename: $!";
close $fh or die "Can't close $filename after writing: $!";
}

sub stddev { # standard deviation of list
my $sum=0;
my $sumsq=0;
my $n=$#_+1;
for my $v (@_) {
$sum += $v;
$sumsq += $v*$v;
}
return sqrt($n*$sumsq - $sum*$sum)/($n*($n-1));
}

sub frac {
my ($x) = @_;
return $x-int($x);
}

sub max {
return $_[0] > $_[1] ? $_[0] : $_[1];
}

my $alarm_file; # flags ongoing alarm (and also stores saved mixer settings)

sub sound_alarm {
# Sound alarm. Forks bash code which sets given volumes, runs the given
# command, and then restores the given volumes to their saved values.
my ($name, $volume, $acpi_volume, $cmd) = @_;
return if (defined($alarm_file) && -f $alarm_file);
say(1,$name);
$alarm_file = `mktemp /tmp/tp-theft-tmp.XXXXXXXX` or die "mktemp: $?";
chomp($alarm_file);
my ($acpi_vol_file, $acpi_vol_set, $acpi_vol_restore);
if ($_=slurp($volume_file) and m/^level:\s+(\d+)\n/) {
$acpi_vol_file = $volume_file;
$acpi_vol_set = "level $acpi_volume";
$acpi_vol_restore = "level $1";
if (m/^mute:\s+on$/m) {
$acpi_vol_set = "up,".$acpi_vol_set; # unmute first
$acpi_vol_restore .= ",mute"; # mute last
}
} else {
$acpi_vol_file='/dev/null'; $acpi_vol_set=''; $acpi_vol_restore='';
}
system('/bin/bash', '-c', <<"EOF")==0 or die "Failed: $?";
( trap \"echo '$acpi_vol_restore' > $acpi_vol_file; sleep 0.1;
$alsactl -f $alarm_file restore;
rm -f $alarm_file
\" EXIT HUP QUIT TERM
$alsactl -f $alarm_file store && # store ALSA
echo '$acpi_vol_set' > $acpi_vol_file && sleep 0.1 && # set ACPI
$amixer -q set Master $volume% unmute && # set ALSA Master
$amixer -q set PCM 100% unmute && # set alsa PCM
$cmd ) & # invoke command
EOF
}

##############################
# KDE screen saver lock check

if ($use_kde) { # Basic sanity check
`/sbin/pidof kdesktop`; $?==0 or die "Can't use KDE, it's not running.\n";
}

sub kdesktop_lock_status {
# See if kdesktop_lock is running and check its cmdline and automatic lock delay
my $bin = $kdesktop_lock;
my $pids = `/sbin/pidof $bin`;
return 'off' unless $?==0;
for my $pid (split(/\s+/,$pids)) {
next unless $pid =~ m/^\d+$/;
# Attached to display ":0" or "localhost:0"?
my $environ = slurp("/proc/$pid/environ") or next;
my $good=0; my $home;
for (split(/\x00/,$environ)) {
$good=1 if m/^DISPLAY=(localhost)?:0$/;
$home=$1 if m/^HOME=(.+)$/; # also remember its $HOME
}
next unless $good;
# Check command line
my $cmdline = slurp("/proc/$pid/cmdline") or next;
$cmdline =~ m/^[^\x00]+\x00(?:([^\x00]+)\x00)?/ or die "Cannot parse $bin command line\n";
if (!defined($1)) {
# Read KDE screensaver lock time
defined($home) or die "Cannot find HOME in environment of $bin process";
my $rc_path = "$home/.kde/share/config/kdesktoprc";
my $rc = new FileHandle($rc_path,"<") or die "Error opening $rc_path: $!";
while (<$rc>) { m/^LockGrace=(\d+)$/ and return ('auto', $1/1000.0); };
die "Cannot parse $rc_path";
} elsif ($1 eq '--forcelock') {
return "force";
}
}
return 'off';
}

my $last_kls_update = 0; # time of last update
my $last_kls = 'init'; # last state seen
my $last_kls_start; # when that state started
my @last_kls_opwhy = ();

sub check_kde_lock {
# De/activate according to KDE screen saver:
my $now=time();
return @last_kls_opwhy if $now < $last_kls_update + $kde_check_interval;
my ($kls, $auto_delay) = kdesktop_lock_status();
$last_kls_update = time();
if ($kls ne $last_kls) {
$last_kls = $kls;
$last_kls_start = $now;
}
if ($kls eq 'off') { # no screen saver
@last_kls_opwhy = (0, 'KDE screen saver not locked');
} elsif ($kls eq 'auto') { # screen saver with automatic lock
if ($now >= $last_kls_start + $auto_delay + $kde_lock_delay) {
@last_kls_opwhy = (1, 'KDE screen saver is auto-locked');
}
} elsif ($kls eq 'force') { # screen saver with forced lock
if ($now >= $last_kls_start + $kde_lock_delay) {
@last_kls_opwhy = (1, 'KDE screen saver is forced-locked');
}
}
return @last_kls_opwhy;
}

# Lock KDE desktop
sub force_kde_lock {
return if ($last_kls eq 'auto' or $last_kls eq 'force');
say(1, "Locking KDE desktop");
# system('dcop kdesktop KScreensaverIface lock') or die "Cannot lock KDE dekstop: $!"

my %oldENV = %ENV;
my $kde_pids = `/sbin/pidof -x /usr/bin/startkde`;
for my $kde_pid (split(/\s+/,$kde_pids)) {
my $kde_env = slurp("/proc/$kde_pid/environ") or next;
%ENV = ();
for (split(/\x00/,$kde_env)) {
m/^(DISPLAY|HOME|XAUTHORITY|USER|DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS)=(.+)$/
and $ENV{$1} = $2;
}
next unless defined($ENV{DISPLAY}) and $ENV{DISPLAY} =~ m/^:/;
system('dcop kdesktop KScreensaverIface lock') and die "Cannot lock KDE dekstop: $!"
}
my %ENV = %oldENV;
}

##############################
# Lid checking

if ($use_lid) { # sanity check
slurp($lid_file) or die "Can't use lid via $lid_file: $!";
}

my $last_lid_status = 'open';
my $last_lid_open = 0;

sub check_lid {
my $lid = slurp($lid_file) or return;
if ($lid =~ m/state: *open$/) {
$last_lid_open = time() if ($last_lid_status eq 'closed');
$last_lid_status = 'open';
} else {
$last_lid_status = 'closed';
}
return $last_lid_status;
}

##############################
# LED blinking

# Flash LEDs
sub led_activate {
return if $use_led eq '0';
my $ledf = new FileHandle($led_file,">");
if (!defined($ledf)) {
print "Cannot open $led_file, disabling LED indicator: $!\n";
$use_led = '0';
return;
}
$ledf->autoflush(1);
my $base = time()*2.5;
print $ledf '0 '.((frac($base)>0.7)?'on':'off')."\n"; # power
if ($use_led eq 'all') { # battery -- we can't recover these
print $ledf '1 '.((frac($base+0.50)>0.7)?'on':'off')."\n"; # battery, orange
print $ledf '2 '.((frac($base+0.25)>0.7)?'on':'off')."\n"; # battery, yellow
}
print $ledf '4 '.((frac($base)>0.7)?'on':'off')."\n"; # bay
print $ledf '7 '.((frac($base+0.725)>0.7)?'on':'off')."\n"; # standby
}

# Restore LEDs to normal state
sub led_restore {
return if $use_led eq '0';
my $ledf = new FileHandle($led_file,">") or die "Cannot open $led_file: $!\n";
$ledf->autoflush(1);
print $ledf "0 on\n"; # power=on
if ($use_led eq 'all') { # battery -- we can't recover these
print $ledf "1 on\n";
print $ledf "2 on\n";
}
print $ledf "7 off\n"; # power=off
if (my $baydata = slurp($bay_file)) {
my $is_bay = ($baydata =~ m/^status:\s*occupied$/m)?'on':'off';
print $ledf "4 $is_bay\n"; # reset to correct status
} else {
print $ledf "4 on\n"; # force bay on, we don't know correct status
}
}

##############################
# ThinkLight blinking

sub light_activate {
return if $use_light eq '0';
my $lightf = new FileHandle($light_file,">");
if (!defined($lightf)) {
print "Cannot open $light_file, disabling ThinkLight indicator: $!\n";
$use_light = '0';
return;
}
my $base = time()/2;
print $lightf (check_lid() eq 'open' && ((frac($base)<0.1)?'on':'off'))."\n";
}

sub light_restore {
return if $use_light eq '0';
my $lightf = new FileHandle($light_file,">") or die "Cannot open $light_file: $!\n";
print $lightf "off\n"; # ThinkLight
}

##############################
# BlueTooth token detection

{
my $temporary_bt = 0;
my $bt_pid;
my $bt_pipe;
my $bluetooth_last_seen = 0; # last time we saw the BlueTooth token
my $bluetooth_last_read = 0; # last time we polled the BlueTooth child process
my $bluetooth_ignore_missing_until = time() + $bluetooth_reset_period;

if ($use_bluetooth) {
# If BlueTooth is disabled, temporarily enable it
slurp($bluetooth_file) or die "Can't control bluetooth via $bluetooth_file: $!";
my $bt_status = slurp($bluetooth_file);
$temporary_bt = $bt_status =~ m/status:[\t]*disabled/;
if ($temporary_bt) {
say(1, 'BlueTooth was disabled, enabling');
burp($bluetooth_file, "enable\n");
sleep(1);
}
}

sub bluetooth_reset { # disregard recent (negative) history
$bluetooth_ignore_missing_until = max($bluetooth_ignore_missing_until, time() + $bluetooth_reset_period);
}

sub check_bluetooth {
if (!defined($bt_pid)) {
# Create new child process, which will loop checking
# for the token. Each time it sees the token, it writes
# the current time to a pipe that's read by the main process.
$bt_pipe = new IO::Pipe;
$bt_pid = fork();
die "Cannot fork BlueTooth check: $!" unless defined($bt_pid);
if (!$bt_pid) {
# Child
$bt_pipe->writer();
$bt_pipe->autoflush(1);
open(STDOUT, ">/dev/null");
open(STDERR, ">/dev/null");
while(1) {
# Is the BlueTooth token reachable?
my $res = system($l2ping,'-c','1','-t',1,$bluetooth_token_addr);
die "Failed invoking l2ping: $!\n" if $res&0xFF;
if ($res==0) {
# Is the BlueTooth sufficiently close, as judged by signal strength?
$res = `$hcitool rssi $bluetooth_token_addr`;
if ($?==0 && $res =~ m/^RSSI return value: (-?[0-9]+)$/) {
my $rssi = $1;
printf $bt_pipe "%d\n", time() if ($rssi > $bluetooth_min_rssi);
}
}
sleep($bluetooth_sleep);
}
}
$bt_pipe->reader();
$bt_pipe->blocking(0);
}

while (1) {
my $res = <$bt_pipe>;
last if ($!==POSIX::EAGAIN); # busy
die "Error reading from BlueTooth check child process\n" unless defined($res);
$bluetooth_last_seen = $res;
}

my $now = time();
bluetooth_reset() if ($now > $bluetooth_last_read + $bluetooth_reset_period);
$bluetooth_last_read = time();
if ($now > max($bluetooth_last_seen + $bluetooth_activate_period, $bluetooth_ignore_missing_until)) {
if ($bluetooth_lock_kde) {
force_kde_lock();
$bluetooth_ignore_missing_until = max($bluetooth_ignore_missing_until, time() + $bluetooth_lock_kde_interval);
}
return (1, "BlueTooth token not seen for $bluetooth_activate_period seconds, activating.");
} elsif ($now < $bluetooth_last_seen + $bluetooth_deactivate_period) {
return (0, "BlueTooth token seen during last $bluetooth_deactivate_period seconds, deactivating.");
}
return ();
}

sub bluetooth_restore {
if ($temporary_bt) {
say(1, 'Disabling BlueTooth');
burp($bluetooth_file, "disable\n");
}
if ($bt_pid) {
kill(SIGTERM, $bt_pid);
waitpid($bt_pid, 0);
}
}
}

##############################
# Main code

my $state; # See state machine in main loop
my %state_names=(0 =>'disabled ',
0.5=>'activating ',
1 =>'active+grace',
2 =>'active ',
3 =>'hold+grace ',
4 =>'armed+grace ',
5 =>'hold ',
6 =>'armed ',
7 =>'armed-force ' );
my $state_end = 0;
my $last_tilt = 0;
my $arm_forced = 0;
my (@XHIST, @YHIST); # sensor history

sub set_state {
my ($st, $why) = @_;
say(2, "state=[".$state_names{$st}."] ($why)");
(@XHIST, @YHIST) = () if $st==0.5;
led_restore() and light_restore() if defined($state) && $st==0;
$state = $st;
}

sub get_pos {
my $pos = slurp($pos_file);
return undef if $!{EBUSY};
die "Can't open HDAPS file $pos_file: $!\n" if (!defined($pos) || $!);
$pos =~ m/^$(-?\d+),(-?\d+)$$/ or die "Can't parse $pos_file content\n";
return ($1,$2);
}

for (@ARGV) {
m/^--arm/ && do { $arm_forced=1; $use_lid=0; $use_kde=0; last; };
die "Unknown parameter\n";
}

set_state( ($use_kde || $use_bluetooth) ? 0 : 0.5, "init");

eval {

$SIG{'HUP'}=$SIG{'INT'}=$SIG{'ABRT'}=$SIG{'QUIT'}=$SIG{'SEGV'}=$SIG{'TERM'} = sub { die "signal\n" };

while (1) {
sleep(($state==0 && $use_kde) ? $kde_check_interval : $interval);

check_lid() if $use_lid;
# Check screensaver and BlueTooth. Activate if either says so,
# otherwise deactivate if either says so.
my ($op1, $why1); ($op1, $why1) = check_kde_lock() if $use_kde;
my ($op2, $why2); ($op2, $why2) = check_bluetooth() if $use_bluetooth;
my ($op, $why) = ( !defined($op1) || ( defined($op2) && $op2>$op1 ) ) ? ($op2,$why2) : ($op1,$why1);
if (defined($op)) {
if ($op==1 && $state==0) { set_state(0.5, $why); }
if ($op==0 && $state>0) { set_state(0, $why); bluetooth_reset(); }
}
next unless $state>0;

# Collect and analyze sensor data:
my $now = time();
my $tilted;
my ($x,$y) = get_pos() or next; # Hopefully the error is transient
push(@XHIST,$x); push(@YHIST,$y);
if ($state>0.5) {
shift(@XHIST); shift(@YHIST);
my $xdev = stddev(@XHIST);
my $ydev = stddev(@YHIST);
say(3,"X: v=$xdev (".join(',',@XHIST).") Y: v=$ydev (".join(",",@YHIST).")");
$tilted = ($xdev>$thresh || $ydev>$thresh);
$last_tilt = $now if $tilted;
}

# Decide: state machine transitions
if ($state==0.5) { # ACTIVATING (collecting motion data will soon activate)
if ($#XHIST >= $depth && $#YHIST >= $depth) {
set_state($arm_forced?7:$use_lid?1:2, "finished data collection");
}
} elsif ($state==1) { # ACTIVE+GRACE (quiet for a long time, awaiting movement)
if ($tilted) {
set_state(3, "motion detected, holding for $lid_hold seconds, open lid for grace");
$state_end = $now + $lid_hold;
sound_alarm("WARNING", $warn_volume, $acpi_volume, $warn_cmd);
}
} elsif ($state==2) { # ACTIVE (short for a shorter time, awaiting movement)
if ($tilted) {
set_state(5, "motion detected, holding for $min_hold seconds");
$state_end = $now + $min_hold;
sound_alarm("WARNING", $warn_volume, $acpi_volume, $warn_cmd);
} else {
if ($use_lid && ($now > $last_tilt + $grace_relax )) {
set_state(1, "$grace_relax seconds since last motion, so allowing grace again");
}
}
} elsif ($state==3) { # HOLD+GRACE (recent movemvent, but still holding off alarm; after long quiet)
if ($now < $last_lid_open + $lid_grace) {
set_state(5, "lid opened, holding for $lid_grace seconds grace period");
$state_end = $now + $lid_grace;
} elsif ($now >= $state_end) {
my $delta = $lid_grace_window - $lid_hold;
$state_end = $now + $delta;
set_state(4, "hold ended, arming but allowing grace for $delta more seconds");
}
} elsif ($state==4) { # ARMED+GRACE (armed, but recently quiet so allow grace if lid opened)
if ($now < $last_lid_open + $lid_grace) {
set_state(5, "lid opened, holding for $lid_grace seconds grace period");
$state_end = $now + $lid_grace;
} elsif ($now >= $state_end) {
set_state(6, "grace window ended");
}
} elsif ($state==5) { # HOLD (recent movement, but still holding off alarm; there was recent action)
if ($now >= $state_end) {
set_state(6, "hold ended, arming");
}
} elsif ($state==6) { # ARMED (sound alarm on any movement)
if ($now > $last_tilt + $arm_persist) {
set_state(2, "no motion for $arm_persist seconds, unarming");
}
}

# LEDs:
if ($state>0) {
led_activate(); light_activate();
}

# Alarm:
if (($state==4 || $state==6 || $state==7) && $tilted) {
sound_alarm("ALARM", $alarm_volume, $acpi_volume, $alarm_cmd);
}
}

};

print "Shutting down.\n" if $verbose>1;
led_restore() and light_restore() if ($state>0);
bluetooth_restore();
die "$@" if $@;
</pre>

Sample Fn-F7 script

2010-08-08T15:44:13Z

Newacct:

This guide will help you configure Fn-F7 key combination to toggle between internal, mirror, external, or both screens. This was tested on ThinkPad X60s running Fedora 8, please comment if it works or does not work for you.

Works like a charm on X61s with Xubuntu 7.10.
Working with R60e with some modifications noted below.

The script does not work when using [[fglrx]] or a version of XRandR < 1.2, because there is no dynamic display switching support then. When fglrx is used, aticonfig can be used for the switching in this [[Script for Dynamic Display Management with fglrx]].

{{NOTE|On a modern distribution like Fedora 12, the Fn-F7 key works out-of-the-box, and no additional scripts are needed to switch between external display modes}}

==configuring the virtual screen size==
Add a "Virtual" statement to your /etc/X11/xorg.conf, the total resolution should be large enough to fit all your screens in the configuration you want, for example if you have 1600x1200 monitor to the left of your internal 1024x768 monitor, your total max resolution is 2624x1200 (See [[Xorg RandR 1.2]] for more details):

Section "Screen"
Identifier "Screen0"
Device "Videocard0"
DefaultDepth 24
SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0
Depth 24
<b>Virtual 2624 1200</b>
EndSubSection
EndSection

Restart X server at this point (i.e. logout and login).

== configuring acpi ==
Create /etc/acpi/events/thinkpad.conf:

<bash>
event=ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00001007
action=/usr/local/sbin/thinkpad-fn-f7
</bash>

or you may (eg Ubuntu 7.10) already have /etc/acpi/events/ibm-videobtn
<bash>
# /etc/acpi/events/ibm-videobtn
# This is called when the user presses the video button. It is currently
# a placeholder.
event=ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00001007
action=/bin/true
</bash>
in which case modify the line 'action=/bin/true' to run the script as above.

It may also be necessary to enable acpi events as per [[How to get special keys to work]] with (in root terminal)
{{cmdroot|echo enable,0x084e > /proc/acpi/ibm/hotkey}}
Note this command isn't persistent. so you will also need to add the line to /etc/rc.local to enable hotkeys at boot, and to re-enable the hotkeys after suspend to disk or RAM, create the file
/etc/acpi/resume.d/91-ibm-hotkey-enable.sh consisting of

<bash>
#!/bin/bash
# enable ibm-hotkeys (specifically Fn2, Fn7)
# 12 bit mask, little end is F1 default 0x080c = F12+F4+F3
echo enable,0x084e > /proc/acpi/ibm/hotkey
</bash>

ref: [[http://tilmanfrosch.de/wp/index.php/2007/05/05/howto-make-a-ubuntu-linux-on-an-ibm-t41-thinkpad-work-with-an-external-widescreen-wxga-display/ frosch.org.uk]] and [[http://ibm-acpi.sourceforge.net/README ibm-acpi.sourceforge]]

==identify output devices==
Note the names of your output devices as you will have to change EXTERNAL_OUTPUT and INTERNAL_OUTPUT to what xrandr shows, for example VGA and LVDS in this case:

$ xrandr -q
'''VGA''' connected 1600x1200+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 432mm x 324mm
...
'''LVDS''' connected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)

==The bash script==
Create /usr/local/sbin/thinkpad-fn-f7, you can set EXTERNAL_LOCATION to one of: left, right, above, or below.
<bash>
#!/bin/bash

# External output may be "VGA" or "VGA-0" or "DVI-0" or "TMDS-1"
EXTERNAL_OUTPUT="VGA"
INTERNAL_OUTPUT="LVDS"
EXTERNAL_LOCATION="left"

# Figure out which user and X11 display to work on
# TODO there has to be a better way to do this?
X_USER=$(w -h -s | grep ":[0-9]\W" | head -1 | awk '{print $1}')
export DISPLAY=$(w -h -s | grep ":[0-9]\W" | head -1 | awk '{print $3}')

# Switch to X user if necessary
if [ "$X_USER" != "$USER" ]; then
SU="su $X_USER -c"
else
SU="sh -c"
fi

case "$EXTERNAL_LOCATION" in
left|LEFT)
EXTERNAL_LOCATION="--left-of $INTERNAL_OUTPUT"
;;
right|RIGHT)
EXTERNAL_LOCATION="--right-of $INTERNAL_OUTPUT"
;;
top|TOP|above|ABOVE)
EXTERNAL_LOCATION="--above $INTERNAL_OUTPUT"
;;
bottom|BOTTOM|below|BELOW)
EXTERNAL_LOCATION="--below $INTERNAL_OUTPUT"
;;
*)
EXTERNAL_LOCATION="--left-of $INTERNAL_OUTPUT"
;;
esac

# Figure out current state
INTERNAL_STATE=$($SU xrandr | grep ^$INTERNAL_OUTPUT | grep " con" | sed "s/.*connected//" | sed "s/ //" | sed "s/ .*//g")
EXTERNAL_STATE=$($SU xrandr | grep ^$EXTERNAL_OUTPUT | grep " con" | sed "s/.*connected//" | sed "s/ //" | sed "s/ .*//g")
# I recommend to replace these prior two statements, since otherwise with xrandr 1.2 it produces wrong results:
# a textportion "(normal" otherwise still remains when a screen is connected, but switched off (by e.g. toggling!)
# (comment out the prior two lines, and uncomment the following two lines:)
# INTERNAL_STATE=$($SU xrandr | grep ^$INTERNAL_OUTPUT | grep " con" | sed "s/.*connected//" | sed "s/ //" | sed "s/ .*//g"| sed "s/(normal//g" )
# EXTERNAL_STATE=$($SU xrandr | grep ^$EXTERNAL_OUTPUT | grep " con" | sed "s/.*connected//" | sed "s/ //" | sed "s/ .*//g"| sed "s/(normal//g" )

if [ -z "$INTERNAL_STATE" ]; then
STATE="external"
elif [ -z "$EXTERNAL_STATE" ]; then
STATE="internal"
else
INTERNAL_STATE=$(echo $INTERNAL_STATE | sed "s/[0-9]*x[0-9]*//")
EXTERNAL_STATE=$(echo $EXTERNAL_STATE | sed "s/[0-9]*x[0-9]*//")
if [ "$INTERNAL_STATE" = "$EXTERNAL_STATE" ]; then
STATE="mirror"
else
STATE="both"
fi
fi

function screen_external(){
# recommend exchange the order, since otherwise doesn't work
# with my ati adapter (please uncomment if needed, and
#comment out the other two):
# $SU "xrandr --output $EXTERNAL_OUTPUT --auto"
# $SU "xrandr --output $INTERNAL_OUTPUT --off"
$SU "xrandr --output $INTERNAL_OUTPUT --off"
$SU "xrandr --output $EXTERNAL_OUTPUT --auto"
}

function screen_internal(){
$SU "xrandr --output $EXTERNAL_OUTPUT --off"
$SU "xrandr --output $INTERNAL_OUTPUT --auto"
}

function screen_mirror(){
$SU "xrandr --output $INTERNAL_OUTPUT --auto"
$SU "xrandr --output $EXTERNAL_OUTPUT --auto --same-as $INTERNAL_OUTPUT"
}

function screen_both(){
$SU "xrandr --output $INTERNAL_OUTPUT --auto"
$SU "xrandr --output $EXTERNAL_OUTPUT --auto $EXTERNAL_LOCATION"
}

function screen_toggle(){
case "$STATE" in
internal)
screen_mirror
;;
mirror)
screen_external
;;
external)
screen_both
;;
both)
screen_internal
;;
*)
screen_internal
;;
esac
}

# What should we do?
DO="$1"
if [ -z "$DO" ]; then
if [ $(basename $0) = "thinkpad-fn-f7" ]; then
DO="toggle"
fi
fi

case "$DO" in
toggle)
screen_toggle
;;
internal)
screen_internal
;;
external)
screen_external
;;
mirror)
screen_mirror
;;
both)
screen_both
;;
status)
echo "Current Fn-F7 state is: $STATE"
echo
echo "Attached monitors:"
$SU xrandr | grep "\Wconnected" | sed "s/^/ /"
;;
*)
echo "usage: $0 <command>" >&2
echo >&2
echo " commands:" >&2
echo " status" >&2
echo " internal" >&2
echo " external" >&2
echo " mirror" >&2
echo " both" >&2
echo " toggle" >&2
echo >&2
;;
esac
</bash>

== set permissions and restart acpi ==
As root, or using sudo run the following commands,

{{cmduser|sudo chmod 755 /usr/local/sbin/thinkpad-fn-f7}}
{{cmduser|sudo service acpid restart}}
OR
{{cmduser|sudo /etc/init.d/acpid restart}}

You should be ready to go, just press Fn-F7 to try.

==Alternative script using .Xauthority rather than su ==
On systems where the previous script has trouble with the "su" command (I was getting "Can't open display -" errors in /var/log/acpid on Ubuntu 8.04), you can try getting the magic cookie out of the .Xauthority file.

Each user has an ~/.Xauthority file with one line for each X display containing a 'magic cookie' (Run {{cmduser| xauth list}} to see the contents). The Xserver reads the record in ~/.Xauthority matching its display. When an X client application starts it also looks for that record and passes the magic cookie to the server. If it matches, the connection to the Xserver is allowed. Use the following script as an alternative
action=/usr/local/sbin/toggle-display.sh
for /etc/acpi/events/ibm-videobtn

<bash>
#!/bin/bash
# From: http://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/Sample_Fn-F7_script
#
# External output may be "VGA" or "VGA-0" or "DVI-0" or "TMDS-1"
EXTERNAL_OUTPUT="VGA"
INTERNAL_OUTPUT="LVDS"
# EXTERNAL_LOCATION may be one of: left, right, above, or below
EXTERNAL_LOCATION="right"

case "$EXTERNAL_LOCATION" in
left|LEFT)
EXTERNAL_LOCATION="--left-of $INTERNAL_OUTPUT"
;;
right|RIGHT)
EXTERNAL_LOCATION="--right-of $INTERNAL_OUTPUT"
;;
top|TOP|above|ABOVE)
EXTERNAL_LOCATION="--above $INTERNAL_OUTPUT"
;;
bottom|BOTTOM|below|BELOW)
EXTERNAL_LOCATION="--below $INTERNAL_OUTPUT"
;;
*)
EXTERNAL_LOCATION="--left-of $INTERNAL_OUTPUT"
;;
esac

function screen_external(){
xrandr --output $INTERNAL_OUTPUT --off
xrandr --output $EXTERNAL_OUTPUT --auto
}

function screen_internal(){
xrandr --output $EXTERNAL_OUTPUT --off
xrandr --output $INTERNAL_OUTPUT --auto
}

function screen_mirror(){
xrandr --output $INTERNAL_OUTPUT --auto
xrandr --output $EXTERNAL_OUTPUT --auto --same-as $INTERNAL_OUTPUT
}

function screen_both(){
xrandr --output $INTERNAL_OUTPUT --auto
xrandr --output $EXTERNAL_OUTPUT --auto $EXTERNAL_LOCATION
}

function screen_toggle(){
# Figure out current state
INTERNAL_STATE=$(xrandr | grep ^$INTERNAL_OUTPUT | grep con | sed "s/.*connected //" | sed "s/(.*//")
EXTERNAL_STATE=$(xrandr | grep ^$EXTERNAL_OUTPUT | grep con | sed "s/.*connected //" | sed "s/(.*//")

if [ -z "$INTERNAL_STATE" ]; then
STATE="external"
elif [ -z "$EXTERNAL_STATE" ]; then
STATE="internal"
else
INTERNAL_STATE=$(echo $INTERNAL_STATE | sed "s/[0-9]*x[0-9]*//")
EXTERNAL_STATE=$(echo $EXTERNAL_STATE | sed "s/[0-9]*x[0-9]*//")
if [ "$INTERNAL_STATE" = "$EXTERNAL_STATE" ]; then
STATE="mirror"
else
STATE="both"
fi
fi

case "$STATE" in
internal)
screen_mirror
;;
mirror)
screen_external
;;
external)
screen_both
;;
both)
screen_internal
;;
*)
screen_internal
;;
esac
}

# based on /etc/acpi/screenblank.sh (Ubuntu 7.10)
# . /usr/share/acpi-support/power-funcs # for getXuser
getXuser() {
user=`finger| grep -m1 ":$displaynum " | awk '{print $1}'`
if [ x"$user" = x"" ]; then
user=`finger| grep -m1 ":$displaynum" | awk '{print $1}'`
fi
if [ x"$user" != x"" ]; then
userhome=`getent passwd $user | cut -d: -f6`
export XAUTHORITY=$userhome/.Xauthority
else
export XAUTHORITY=""
fi
}
# end of getXuser from /usr/share/acpi-support/power-funcs
#
for x in /tmp/.X11-unix/*; do
displaynum=`echo $x | sed s#/tmp/.X11-unix/X##`
getXuser;
if [ x"$XAUTHORITY" != x"" ]; then
export DISPLAY=":$displaynum"
screen_toggle
fi
done
</bash>

==Script to switch between Internal, VGA and S-video==
This highly overdone script allows to switch between all combinations of Internal, VGA and S-video out. VGA and and S-video at the same time are not allowed on my hardware (I have a T41 with Radeon 7500), so I masked these combinations out. Instead of disabling the internal display with xrandr, I turn off the backlight. One of the allowed combinations is all displays off, and xorg crashes if turning off all displays with xrandr. The script depends on the debian package acpi-support, which is also found in ubuntu and crunchbang (which is what I am using). The dependency can easily be broken out though. Can easily be modified to fulfill other needs, i.e. if you turn off your backlight with something else than radeontool. There is also an OSD displayed in the upper left corner of all active displays.

<bash>
#/bin/sh

. /usr/share/acpi-support/power-funcs # for getXuser
. /etc/default/acpi-support # for RADEON_LIGHT

# First prevent concurrent execution

LOCK_FILE=/tmp/swapscreenslock
WAITING_TIME=1
LOGGER="`which logger 2>/dev/null` -i"
if (set -C; : > $LOCK_FILE) 2>/dev/null; then : ; else
# Lock file exists - wait as long as theoretically is needed for the other script to finish and retry
sleep $WAITING_TIME
if (set -C; : > $LOCK_FILE) 2>/dev/null; then : ; else
# Lock file still exists - we should never end up here! Consider removing the lock file.
$LOGGER "Lock file exists - earlier call to script stalled? Consider removing lock file \"$LOCK_FILE\". Exiting."
exit 1
fi
fi
trap 'rm $LOCK_FILE' EXIT

XRANDR=`which xrandr 2>/dev/null`
OSD_CAT=`which osd_cat 2>/dev/null`
LAPTOP="LVDS"
VGA="VGA-0"
SVIDEO="S-video"
VGA_POSITION="--right-of $LAPTOP"
#VGA_POSITION="--same-as $LAPTOP" # Mirror
SVIDEO_POSITION="--right-of $LAPTOP"

OSD_GENERICARGS="--delay=3 --age=0 --font=-adobe-helvetica-bold-r-normal-*-*-180-*-*-p-*-*-* --colour=green --shadow=1"
OSD_HOFFSET=25
OSD_VOFFSET=25

function screen_toggle {
# Figure out current state
XRANDR_STATUS=`su $user -c "$XRANDR -q"`

# Laptop is of course always connected, however I'll leave the script this
# way for making it easier to make the script a little more generic.
LAPTOP_CONN=`echo "$XRANDR_STATUS" | grep ^$LAPTOP | grep " connected"`
VGA_CONN=`echo "$XRANDR_STATUS" | grep ^$VGA | grep " connected"`
SVIDEO_CONN=`echo "$XRANDR_STATUS" | grep ^$SVIDEO | grep " connected"`

LAPTOP_STATE=`radeontool light | grep 'looks on'`
VGA_STATE=`echo $VGA_CONN | sed 's/.*connected\s$[0-9x+-]*$.*/\1/'`
SVIDEO_STATE=`echo $SVIDEO_CONN | sed 's/.*connected\s$[0-9x+-]*$.*/\1/'`

CONNMASK=0
[ -n "$LAPTOP_CONN" ] && CONNMASK=$(( CONNMASK + 1 ))
if [ -n "$VGA_CONN" ]; then
CONNMASK=$(( CONNMASK + 2 ))
[ -n "$SVIDEO_CONN" ] && CONNMASK=$(( CONNMASK + 4 ))
else
# If VGA is not connected, TV will overtake its bit
[ -n "$SVIDEO_CONN" ] && CONNMASK=$(( CONNMASK + 2 ))
fi

STATE=0
if [ -n "$LAPTOP_STATE" ]; then STATE=$(( STATE + 1 )); fi
if [ -n "$VGA_CONN" ]; then
[ -n "$VGA_STATE" ] && STATE=$(( STATE + 2 ))
[ -n "$SVIDEO_STATE" ] && STATE=$(( STATE + 4 ))
else
# If VGA is not connected, TV will overtake its bit
[ -n "$SVIDEO_STATE" ] && STATE=$(( STATE + 2 ))
fi

# Go to next state
STATE=$(( (STATE+1) % (CONNMASK+1) ))

# Forbidden states are TV and VGA at the same time, regardless of internal state
STATE=$(( STATE % 6 ))

# If no screen is listed as connected, probably xrandr failed - do nothing.
if [ $CONNMASK -ne 0 ]; then
OSDTEXT=

if [ -n "$VGA_CONN" ]; then
# Turn on or off external VGA
if [ $(( (STATE >> 1) % 2 )) -ne 0 ]; then
OSDTEXT="$OSDTEXT $VGA"
su $user -c "$XRANDR --output $VGA $VGA_POSITION --auto"
else
su $user -c "$XRANDR --output $VGA --off"
fi

# Turn on or off S-Video output
if [ $(( (STATE >> 2) % 2 )) -ne 0 ]; then
OSDTEXT="$OSDTEXT $SVIDEO"
su $user -c "$XRANDR --output $SVIDEO $SVIDEO_POSITION --auto"
else
[ -n "$SVIDEO_CONN" ] && su $user -c "$XRANDR --output $SVIDEO --off"
fi
else
# If VGA is not connected, TV will overtake its bit

# Turn on or off S-Video output
if [ $(( (STATE >> 1) % 2 )) -ne 0 ]; then
OSDTEXT="$OSDTEXT $SVIDEO"
su $user -c "$XRANDR --output $SVIDEO $SVIDEO_POSITION --auto"
else
[ -n "$SVIDEO_CONN" ] && su $user -c "$XRANDR --output $SVIDEO --off"
fi
fi

# Never turn on or off internal screen - only turn on or off the backlight.
# Do this after the xrandr calls above, during which the backlight
# might go on.
if [ $(( STATE % 2 )) -ne 0 ]; then
if pidof xscreensaver >/dev/null; then
su $user -c "xscreensaver-command -unthrottle"
fi
if [ x$RADEON_LIGHT = xtrue ]; then
[ -x /usr/sbin/radeontool ] && radeontool light on
fi
if pidof xscreensaver >/dev/null; then
su $user -c "xscreensaver-command -deactivate"
fi
su $user -c "xset dpms force on"
OSDTEXT="$OSDTEXT $LAPTOP"
else
if [ `pidof xscreensaver` ]; then
su $user -c "(xscreensaver-command -throttle)"
fi
# Not calling xset to turn off dpms prohibits key presses from
# turning the backlight back on all the time. Do make sure to have
# RADEON_LIGHT enabled though. The rest of the script works even
# though RADEON_LIGHT left disabled, the only effect is that the
# laptop panel will always be considered "on".
#su $user -c "xset dpms force off"
if [ x$RADEON_LIGHT = xtrue ]; then
[ -x /usr/sbin/radeontool ] && radeontool light off
fi
fi

$LOGGER Currently active GPU outputs: $OSDTEXT

# Wait a little for the hardware to reach the new state
#sleep $WAITING_TIME

# Figure out current state again, to put the OSD on the right places.
XRANDR_STATUS=`su $user -c "$XRANDR -q"`

VGA_CONN=`echo "$XRANDR_STATUS" | grep ^$VGA | grep " connected"`
SVIDEO_CONN=`echo "$XRANDR_STATUS" | grep ^$SVIDEO | grep " connected"`

VGA_STATE=`echo $VGA_CONN | sed 's/.*connected\s$[0-9x+-]*$.*/\1/'`
SVIDEO_STATE=`echo $SVIDEO_CONN | sed 's/.*connected\s$[0-9x+-]*$.*/\1/'`

VGA_HOFFSET=$(( `echo $VGA_STATE | sed 's/[0-9x]*$[+-][0-9]*$.*/\1/'` + OSD_HOFFSET ))
VGA_VOFFSET=$(( `echo $VGA_STATE | sed 's/[0-9x]*[+-][0-9]*$[+-][0-9]*$/\1/'` + OSD_VOFFSET ))
SVIDEO_HOFFSET=$(( `echo $SVIDEO_STATE | sed 's/[0-9x]*$[+-][0-9]*$.*/\1/'` + OSD_HOFFSET ))
SVIDEO_VOFFSET=$(( `echo $SVIDEO_STATE | sed 's/[0-9x]*[+-][0-9]*$[+-][0-9]*$/\1/'` + OSD_VOFFSET ))

# On screen display.
if [ -n "$OSD_CAT" ] ; then
su $user -c "echo $OSDTEXT | $OSD_CAT $OSD_GENERICARGS --offset=$OSD_HOFFSET --indent=$OSD_VOFFSET - &"
[ -n "$VGA_CONN" ] && su $user -c "echo $OSDTEXT | $OSD_CAT $OSD_GENERICARGS --offset=$VGA_VOFFSET --indent=$VGA_HOFFSET - &"
[ -n "$SVIDEO_CONN" ] && su $user -c "echo $OSDTEXT | $OSD_CAT $OSD_GENERICARGS --offset=$SVIDEO_HOFFSET --indent=$SVIDEO_VOFFSET - &"
fi
fi
}

# Snippet borrowed from /etc/acpi/lid.sh
for x in /tmp/.X11-unix/*; do
displaynum=`echo $x | sed s#/tmp/.X11-unix/X##`
getXuser;
if [ x"$XAUTHORITY" != x"" ]; then
export DISPLAY=":$displaynum"
screen_toggle
fi
done
</bash>

If neither VGA nor S-video are connected, the script will only flip on and off the backlight. If one output is connected, be it VGA or S-video, the sequence will be 1) Internal, 2) VGA/S-video (backlight off), 3) Internal+VGA/S-video, 0) all off. If both a monitor and a TV are connected, the sequence will be 1) Internal, 2) VGA (backlight off), 3) Internal+VGA, 4) S-video (backlight off), 5) Internal+S-video, 0) all off.

== A Python Toggle script ==
This is a somewhat over-elaborate script which could be cut down when run by the /usr/local/sbin/toggle-display.sh script above. It was written to explore all the possibilities rather than economy of execution. The functions 'toggle_full', 'position', 'toggle_limited' and the OptionParser in 'main' may be omitted with suitable changes to function7. The appropriate outputs can be specified on the command line and it is not necessary to call it via acpi.
eg you can run it as {{cmduser|/usr/local/bin/toggle.py --help}}

<python>
#! /usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#
# stinkpad(a)blueyonder.co.uk 2007-11-26
"""Toggle internal and external displays (equivalent to ThinkPad Fn7)
Simple; cloned: on+off, on+on, off+on.
Full; as simple plus xinerama: right, below, left, above.
Limited; as full but display will overlap if virtual screen is too small.
Use 'xrandr -q' to determine output names.
Further information: http://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/Xorg_RandR_1.2
"""
__usage__ = "usage: %prog [--help]|[[-i internal][-e external][-d displays]]"
__version__ = "toggle [djclark.eu 2007-11-26]"
#
# Output names; Intel: LVDS VGA TV TMDS-1 TMDS-2
# ATI: LVDS VGA-0 S-video DVI-0
LAPTOP = 'LVDS'
MONITOR = 'VGA'
SEQUENCE = 'simple'
#
import sys
import os
import re

# "LVDS connected 1024x768+0+0 (normal left inverted right) 304mm x 228mm"
REGEX_OUTPUT = re.compile(r"""
(?x) # ignore whitespace
^ # start of string
(?P<output>[A-Za-z0-9\-]*)[ ] # LVDS VGA etc
(?P<connect>(dis)?connected)[ ] # dis/connected
(( # a group
(?P<width>\d+)x # either 1024x768+0+0
(?P<height>\d+)[+]
(?P<horizontal>\d+)[+]
(?P<vertical>\d+)
)|[\D]) # or not a digit
.* # ignore rest of line
""")

# "Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 1024 x 768, maximum 2624 x 1968"
REGEX_SCREEN = re.compile(r"""
(?x) # ignore whitespace
^ # start of string
Screen[ ]
(?P<screen>\d)[: ]+
minimum[ ]
(?P<minWidth>\d+)[ x]+
(?P<minHeight>\d+)[, ]+
current[ ]+
(?P<curWidth>\d+)[ x]+
(?P<curHeight>\d+)[, ]+
maximum[ ]+
(?P<maxWidth>\d+)[ x]+
(?P<maxHeight>\d+)
""")

def toggle_simple(d0, d1):
"""Toggle display states: on+off, on+on, off+on"""
if d1['connect'] == 'disconnected': # external unplugged
return ('auto','off',"") # switch off external
if d1['width'] is 0: # external off
return ('auto','auto',"") # both on
if d0['width'] is 0: # laptop off
return ('auto','off',"") # laptop on
return ('off','auto',"") # both on, laptop off

def toggle_full(d0, d1):
"""Toggle display states: 1+0, 1+1, 0+1, 1+E, 1+S, 1+W, 1+N"""
if d1['connect'] == 'disconnected': # external unplugged
return ('auto','off',"") # switch off external
place = '--%s ' + d0['output']
if d1['width'] == 0: # external off
return ('auto','auto',place%'same-as') # external on
if d0['width'] == 0: # laptop off
return ('auto','off',"") # laptop on
if d1['horizontal'] > 0: # external to right
return ('auto','auto',place%'below') # make below
if d1['vertical'] > 0: # external below
return ('auto','auto',place%'left-of') # make left
if d0['horizontal'] > 0: # external left
return ('auto','auto',place%'above') # make above
if d0['vertical'] > 0: # external above
return ('off','auto',"") # laptop off
return ('auto','auto',place%'right-of') # is same, make right

def position(orientation, da, db, screen):
"""Calculate offset position of second display"""
p = 'auto --pos %sx%s'
if orientation == 'V':
if da['height'] + db['height'] <= screen['maxHeight']:
return p%(0, da['height'])
return p%(0, screen['maxHeight'] - db['height'])
else:
if da['width'] + db['width'] <= screen['maxWidth']:
return p%(da['width'],0)
return p%(screen['maxWidth'] - db['width'],0)

def toggle_limited(d0, d1, sz):
"""Toggle display states (overlapped): 1+0,1+1,0+1,1+E,1+S,1+W,1+N"""
if d1['connect'] == 'disconnected': # external unplugged
return ('auto','off') # switch off external
if d1['width'] == 0: # external off
return ('auto --pos 0x0','auto --pos 0x0') # both on
if d0['width'] == 0: # laptop off
return ('auto --pos 0x0','off') # laptop on
if d1['horizontal'] > 0: # external to right
return ('auto --pos 0x0',position('V',d0,d1,sz)) # put *below
if d1['vertical'] > 0: # external below
return (position('H',d1,d0,sz),'auto --pos 0x0') # put *left
if d0['horizontal'] > 0: # external left
return (position('V',d1,d0,sz),'auto --pos 0x0') # put *above
if d0['vertical'] > 0: # external above
return ('off','auto --pos 0x0') # laptop off
return ('auto --pos 0x0',position('H',d0,d1,sz)) # both, put*right

class DisplayNameError(UnboundLocalError):
"""Internal or External Display Name not found by xrandr -q """

def function7(disp0=LAPTOP, disp1=MONITOR, seq=SEQUENCE):
"""Use xrandr to read current display state and change state"""
for line in os.popen('xrandr -q'):
if line.startswith(disp0,0) :
d0_state = REGEX_OUTPUT.match(line).groupdict()
elif line.startswith(disp1,0):
d1_state = REGEX_OUTPUT.match(line).groupdict()
elif line.startswith('Screen',0):
screen_size = REGEX_SCREEN.match(line).groupdict()
for i in ('width','height','horizontal','vertical'):
try:
d0_state[i] = int(d0_state[i])
except TypeError:
d0_state[i] = 0
except UnboundLocalError:
raise DisplayNameError, 'Internal Display: %s not found'% disp0
try:
d1_state[i] = int(d1_state[i])
except TypeError:
d1_state[i] = 0
except UnboundLocalError:
raise DisplayNameError, 'External Display: %s not found'% disp1
for i in screen_size:
try:
screen_size[i] = int(screen_size[i])
except TypeError:
screen_size[i] = 0
#
toggle = toggle_simple
xrandr ='xrandr --output '+disp0+' --%s --output '+disp1+' --%s %s'
if seq == 'full':
toggle = toggle_full
if seq == 'limited':
toggle = toggle_limited
xrandr ='xrandr --output '+disp0+' --%s --output '+disp1+' --%s'
os.popen(xrandr % toggle(d0_state, d1_state, screen_size))
else:
os.popen(xrandr % toggle(d0_state, d1_state))

def main():
""" Command line options """
from optparse import OptionParser
p = OptionParser(usage=__usage__, version=__version__, description=__doc__)
p.set_defaults(internal=LAPTOP, external=MONITOR, displays=SEQUENCE)
p.add_option('-i','--internal', dest="internal", metavar=LAPTOP,
help="internal display")
p.add_option('-e','--external', dest="external", metavar=MONITOR,
help="external display")
p.add_option('-d','--displays', dest="displays", action="store",
choices=('simple', 'limited', 'full'), metavar=SEQUENCE,
help='simple/limited/full')
(opt, args) = p.parse_args()
try:
function7(opt.internal, opt.external, opt.displays)
except DisplayNameError, err:
print '\n'+str(err)+'\n'
print os.popen('xrandr -q').read()
#
if __name__ == '__main__': #only when run from cmd line
main()
</python>

This modified thinkpad-fn-f7 calls the toggle python script:

<bash>
#!/bin/bash
# usr/local/sbin/toggle-display.sh
# based on /etc/acpi/screenblank.sh (Ubuntu 7.10)
#
# . /usr/share/acpi-support/power-funcs # for getXuser
umask 022;
PATH="$PATH:/usr/bin/X11"
getXuser() {
user=`finger| grep -m1 ":$displaynum " | awk '{print $1}'`
if [ x"$user" = x"" ]; then
user=`finger| grep -m1 ":$displaynum" | awk '{print $1}'`
fi
if [ x"$user" != x"" ]; then
userhome=`getent passwd $user | cut -d: -f6`
export XAUTHORITY=$userhome/.Xauthority
else
export XAUTHORITY=""
fi
}
# end of getXuser from /usr/share/acpi-support/power-funcs
#
for x in /tmp/.X11-unix/*; do
displaynum=`echo $x | sed s#/tmp/.X11-unix/X##`
getXuser;
if [ x"$XAUTHORITY" != x"" ]; then
export DISPLAY=":$displaynum"
## . /usr/share/acpi-support/screenblank.sh
/usr/local/bin/toggle.py
fi
done
</bash>

===Python XRandR===
[[http://www.glatzor.de/blog/blog-details/article/initial-release-of-python-xrandr Python XRandR]] is a set of python bindings to xrandr. The code is currently in development and the following code though much simpler than the python code above may not work reliably.

from xrandr import xrandr
def toggle_simple():
"""Toggle display states: on+off, off+on, on+on off+off"""
screen = xrandr.get_current_screen()
outputs = screen.get_outputs()
for o in outputs:
if o.is_connected():
if o.is_active():
o.disable()
print 'disable %s'% o.name
else:
o.set_to_preferred_mode()
print 'set to preferred mode %s'% o.name
break
screen.apply_output_config()

== Having Fn-F7 run a RandR GUI ==
Instead of using it to toggle various screen(s) configurations, one may want to have it run a RandR GUI, such as grandr.

The following Debian wishlist bugs against the acpi-support package have patches attached that implement this behaviour using acpid; these patches are not Debian-specific, and actually provide example configuration for anyone interested into this:

* http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=515794
* http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=515796

== References ==
[[http://gitweb.freedesktop.org/?p=xorg/app/grandr.git grandr]] graphical interface to xrandr using GTK+ libraries.

[[https://edge.launchpad.net/python-xrandr python-xrandr]] Python bindings to xrandr which should enable a less clunky version of the python script above. Under development.

[[Category:Scripts]]

Battery.rb

2010-06-07T22:55:22Z

Newacct:

==How to use it==
The following ruby script can generates the following output

./battery.rb
[+] 01:02 (90%)

./battery.rb -v
The battery is charging
Current Status 90%
Remaining Charging Time 01h02m
Charging Till 22:52

After 91 cycles the battery has 90% of its design capacity

./battery.rb -b
[######### ]

./battery.rb -h
This is a very small script for getting some useful information about your battery
Please notice that this script requires tp_smapi which is only available on ThinkPads

Version 0.1 written by futejia during the 24C3 in Berlin
The script is published under the 'Beer License' which means you can do whatever you want, and when you like the script you buy me a beer

Command line options:
All information you usually need in one single line
-h Prints this help
-b Prints a nice ascii battery (Single line)
-v Gives some more information about the battery

==The script itself==
Simple safe this as battery.rb (Of course you need ruby and tp_smapi installed)

#!/usr/bin/ruby
def getFileValue(filename)
file = File.new(filename,"r")
content = file.gets
file.close
content = content.delete "\n"
end

def addLeadingZero(value)
"%02d" % value
end

begin
state = getFileValue("/sys/devices/platform/smapi/BAT0/state")
if state == "charging"
remaning_time = getFileValue("/sys/devices/platform/smapi/BAT0/remaining_charging_time").to_i
symbol = "[+]"
descriptingword = "Charging"
elsif state == "discharging"
remaning_time = getFileValue("/sys/devices/platform/smapi/BAT0/remaining_running_time").to_i
symbol = "[-]"
descriptingword = "Running"
elsif state == "idle"
remaning_time = 0
symbol = "[ ]"
descriptingword = "Idle"
else
puts "Unknown value: '"+state+"'"
end
percent = getFileValue("/sys/devices/platform/smapi/BAT0/remaining_percent").to_i
batterybar = (percent.to_f / 10).round
hours = remaning_time / 60
minutes = remaning_time % 60

if ARGV[0] == "-v"

puts "The battery is " + state
#getting some information about the current capacity
design_capacity = getFileValue("/sys/devices/platform/smapi/BAT0/design_capacity").to_i
last_full_capacity = getFileValue("/sys/devices/platform/smapi/BAT0/last_full_capacity").to_i
capacity = last_full_capacity * 100 / design_capacity

cycles = getFileValue("/sys/devices/platform/smapi/BAT0/cycle_count")

d = Time::now()
d += remaning_time * 60
puts "Current Status\t\t#{percent}%"
puts "Remaining " + descriptingword + " Time\t" + addLeadingZero(hours) + "h" + addLeadingZero(minutes) + "m"
if state != "idle"
puts descriptingword + " Till\t\t" + addLeadingZero(d.hour()) + ":" + addLeadingZero(d.min())
end
puts ""
puts "After #{cycles} cycles the battery has #{capacity}% of its design capacity"
elsif ARGV[0] == "-b"
battery = ""
batterybar.downto(1) { battery += "#" }
batterybar.upto(9) { battery += " " }
puts "[" + battery + "]"
elsif ARGV[0] == "-h"
puts "This is a very small script for getting some useful information about your battery"
puts "Please notice that this script requires tp_smapi which is only available on ThinkPads"
puts
puts "Version 0.1 written by futejia during the 24C3 in Berlin"
puts "The script is published under the 'Beer License' which means you can do whatever you want, and when you like the script you buy me a beer"
puts
puts "Command line options:"
puts " All information you usually need in one single line"
puts "-h Prints this help"
puts "-b Prints a nice ascii battery (Single line)"
puts "-v Gives some more information about the battery"
else
puts symbol + " " + addLeadingZero(hours) + ":" + addLeadingZero(minutes) + " (#{percent}%)"
end
end

Sample Fn-F7 script

2010-02-27T10:37:22Z

Newacct:

This guide will help you configure Fn-F7 key combination to toggle between internal, mirror, external, or both screens. This was tested on ThinkPad X60s running Fedora 8, please comment if it works or does not work for you.

Works like a charm on X61s with Xubuntu 7.10.
Working with R60e with some modifications noted below.

The script does not work when using [[fglrx]] or a version of XRandR < 1.2, because there is no dynamic display switching support then. When fglrx is used, aticonfig can be used for the switching in this [[Script for Dynamic Display Management with fglrx]].

{{NOTE|On a modern distribution like Fedora 12, the Fn-F7 key works out-of-the-box, and no additional scripts are needed to switch between external display modes}}

==configuring the virtual screen size==
Add a "Virtual" statement to your /etc/X11/xorg.conf, the total resolution should be large enough to fit all your screens in the configuration you want, for example if you have 1600x1200 monitor to the left of your internal 1024x768 monitor, your total max resolution is 2624x1200 (See [[Xorg RandR 1.2]] for more details):

Section "Screen"
Identifier "Screen0"
Device "Videocard0"
DefaultDepth 24
SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0
Depth 24
<b>Virtual 2624 1200</b>
EndSubSection
EndSection

Restart X server at this point (i.e. logout and login).

== configuring acpi ==
Create /etc/acpi/events/thinkpad.conf:

<bash>
event=ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00001007
action=/usr/local/sbin/thinkpad-fn-f7
</bash>

or you may (eg Ubuntu 7.10) already have /etc/acpi/events/ibm-videobtn
<bash>
# /etc/acpi/events/ibm-videobtn
# This is called when the user presses the video button. It is currently
# a placeholder.
event=ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00001007
action=/bin/true
</bash>
in which case modify the line 'action=/bin/true' to run the script as above.

It may also be necessary to enable acpi events as per [[How to get special keys to work]] with (in root terminal)
{{cmdroot|echo enable,0x084e > /proc/acpi/ibm/hotkey}}
Note this command isn't persistent. so you will also need to add the line to /etc/rc.local to enable hotkeys at boot, and to re-enable the hotkeys after suspend to disk or RAM, create the file
/etc/acpi/resume.d/91-ibm-hotkey-enable.sh consisting of

<bash>
#!/bin/bash
# enable ibm-hotkeys (specifically Fn2, Fn7)
# 12 bit mask, little end is F1 default 0x080c = F12+F4+F3
echo enable,0x084e > /proc/acpi/ibm/hotkey
</bash>

ref: [[http://tilmanfrosch.de/wp/index.php/2007/05/05/howto-make-a-ubuntu-linux-on-an-ibm-t41-thinkpad-work-with-an-external-widescreen-wxga-display/ frosch.org.uk]] and [[http://ibm-acpi.sourceforge.net/README ibm-acpi.sourceforge]]

==identify output devices==
Note the names of your output devices as you will have to change EXTERNAL_OUTPUT and INTERNAL_OUTPUT to what xrandr shows, for example VGA and LVDS in this case:

$ xrandr -q
'''VGA''' connected 1600x1200+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 432mm x 324mm
...
'''LVDS''' connected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)

==The bash script==
Create /usr/local/sbin/thinkpad-fn-f7, you can set EXTERNAL_LOCATION to one of: left, right, above, or below.
<bash>
#!/bin/bash

# External output may be "VGA" or "VGA-0" or "DVI-0" or "TMDS-1"
EXTERNAL_OUTPUT="VGA"
INTERNAL_OUTPUT="LVDS"
EXTERNAL_LOCATION="left"

# Figure out which user and X11 display to work on
# TODO there has to be a better way to do this?
X_USER=$(w -h -s | grep ":[0-9]\W" | head -1 | awk '{print $1}')
export DISPLAY=$(w -h -s | grep ":[0-9]\W" | head -1 | awk '{print $3}')

# Switch to X user if necessary
if [ "$X_USER" != "$USER" ]; then
SU="su $X_USER -c"
else
SU="sh -c"
fi

case "$EXTERNAL_LOCATION" in
left|LEFT)
EXTERNAL_LOCATION="--left-of $INTERNAL_OUTPUT"
;;
right|RIGHT)
EXTERNAL_LOCATION="--right-of $INTERNAL_OUTPUT"
;;
top|TOP|above|ABOVE)
EXTERNAL_LOCATION="--above $INTERNAL_OUTPUT"
;;
bottom|BOTTOM|below|BELOW)
EXTERNAL_LOCATION="--below $INTERNAL_OUTPUT"
;;
*)
EXTERNAL_LOCATION="--left-of $INTERNAL_OUTPUT"
;;
esac

# Figure out current state
INTERNAL_STATE=$($SU xrandr | grep ^$INTERNAL_OUTPUT | grep " con" | sed "s/.*connected//" | sed "s/ //" | sed "s/ .*//g")
EXTERNAL_STATE=$($SU xrandr | grep ^$EXTERNAL_OUTPUT | grep " con" | sed "s/.*connected//" | sed "s/ //" | sed "s/ .*//g")
# I recommend to replace these prior two statements, since otherwise with xrandr 1.2 it produces wrong results:
# a textportion "(normal" otherwise still remains when a screen is connected, but switched off (by e.g. toggling!)
# (comment out the prior two lines, and uncomment the following two lines:)
# INTERNAL_STATE=$($SU xrandr | grep ^$INTERNAL_OUTPUT | grep " con" | sed "s/.*connected//" | sed "s/ //" | sed "s/ .*//g"| sed "s/(normal//g" )
# EXTERNAL_STATE=$($SU xrandr | grep ^$EXTERNAL_OUTPUT | grep " con" | sed "s/.*connected//" | sed "s/ //" | sed "s/ .*//g"| sed "s/(normal//g" )

if [ -z "$INTERNAL_STATE" ]; then
STATE="external"
elif [ -z "$EXTERNAL_STATE" ]; then
STATE="internal"
else
INTERNAL_STATE=$(echo $INTERNAL_STATE | sed "s/[0-9]*x[0-9]*//")
EXTERNAL_STATE=$(echo $EXTERNAL_STATE | sed "s/[0-9]*x[0-9]*//")
if [ "$INTERNAL_STATE" = "$EXTERNAL_STATE" ]; then
STATE="mirror"
else
STATE="both"
fi
fi

function screen_external(){
# recommend exchange the order, since otherwise doesn't work
# with my ati adapter (please uncomment if needed, and
#comment out the other two):
# $SU "xrandr --output $EXTERNAL_OUTPUT --auto"
# $SU "xrandr --output $INTERNAL_OUTPUT --off"
$SU "xrandr --output $INTERNAL_OUTPUT --off"
$SU "xrandr --output $EXTERNAL_OUTPUT --auto"
}

function screen_internal(){
$SU "xrandr --output $EXTERNAL_OUTPUT --off"
$SU "xrandr --output $INTERNAL_OUTPUT --auto"
}

function screen_mirror(){
$SU "xrandr --output $INTERNAL_OUTPUT --auto"
$SU "xrandr --output $EXTERNAL_OUTPUT --auto --same-as $INTERNAL_OUTPUT"
}

function screen_both(){
$SU "xrandr --output $INTERNAL_OUTPUT --auto"
$SU "xrandr --output $EXTERNAL_OUTPUT --auto $EXTERNAL_LOCATION"
}

function screen_toggle(){
case "$STATE" in
internal)
screen_mirror
;;
mirror)
screen_external
;;
external)
screen_both
;;
both)
screen_internal
;;
*)
screen_internal
;;
esac
}

# What should we do?
DO="$1"
if [ -z "$DO" ]; then
if [ $(basename $0) = "thinkpad-fn-f7" ]; then
DO="toggle"
fi
fi

case "$DO" in
toggle)
screen_toggle
;;
internal)
screen_internal
;;
external)
screen_external
;;
mirror)
screen_mirror
;;
both)
screen_both
;;
status)
echo "Current Fn-F7 state is: $STATE"
echo
echo "Attached monitors:"
$SU xrandr | grep "\Wconnected" | sed "s/^/ /"
;;
*)
echo "usage: $0 <command>" >&2
echo >&2
echo " commands:" >&2
echo " status" >&2
echo " internal" >&2
echo " external" >&2
echo " mirror" >&2
echo " both" >&2
echo " toggle" >&2
echo >&2
;;
esac
</bash>

== set permissions and restart acpi ==
As root, or using sudo run the following commands,

{{cmduser|sudo chmod 755 /usr/local/sbin/thinkpad-fn-f7}}
{{cmduser|sudo service acpid restart}}
OR
{{cmduser|sudo /etc/init.d/acpid restart}}

You should be ready to go, just press Fn-F7 to try.

==Alternative script using .Xauthority rather than su ==
On systems where the previous script has trouble with the "su" command (I was getting "Can't open display -" errors in /var/log/acpid on Ubuntu 8.04), you can try getting the magic cookie out of the .Xauthority file.

Each user has an ~/.Xauthority file with one line for each X display containing a 'magic cookie' (Run {{cmduser| xauth list}} to see the contents). The Xserver reads the record in ~/.Xauthority matching its display. When an X client application starts it also looks for that record and passes the magic cookie to the server. If it matches, the connection to the Xserver is allowed. Use the following script as an alternative
action=/usr/local/sbin/toggle-display.sh
for /etc/acpi/events/ibm-videobtn

<bash>
#!/bin/bash
# From: http://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/Sample_Fn-F7_script
#
# External output may be "VGA" or "VGA-0" or "DVI-0" or "TMDS-1"
EXTERNAL_OUTPUT="VGA"
INTERNAL_OUTPUT="LVDS"
# EXTERNAL_LOCATION may be one of: left, right, above, or below
EXTERNAL_LOCATION="right"

case "$EXTERNAL_LOCATION" in
left|LEFT)
EXTERNAL_LOCATION="--left-of $INTERNAL_OUTPUT"
;;
right|RIGHT)
EXTERNAL_LOCATION="--right-of $INTERNAL_OUTPUT"
;;
top|TOP|above|ABOVE)
EXTERNAL_LOCATION="--above $INTERNAL_OUTPUT"
;;
bottom|BOTTOM|below|BELOW)
EXTERNAL_LOCATION="--below $INTERNAL_OUTPUT"
;;
*)
EXTERNAL_LOCATION="--left-of $INTERNAL_OUTPUT"
;;
esac

function screen_external(){
xrandr --output $INTERNAL_OUTPUT --off
xrandr --output $EXTERNAL_OUTPUT --auto
}

function screen_internal(){
xrandr --output $EXTERNAL_OUTPUT --off
xrandr --output $INTERNAL_OUTPUT --auto
}

function screen_mirror(){
xrandr --output $INTERNAL_OUTPUT --auto
xrandr --output $EXTERNAL_OUTPUT --auto --same-as $INTERNAL_OUTPUT
}

function screen_both(){
xrandr --output $INTERNAL_OUTPUT --auto
xrandr --output $EXTERNAL_OUTPUT --auto $EXTERNAL_LOCATION
}

function screen_toggle(){
# Figure out current state
INTERNAL_STATE=$(xrandr | grep ^$INTERNAL_OUTPUT | grep con | sed "s/.*connected //" | sed "s/(.*//")
EXTERNAL_STATE=$(xrandr | grep ^$EXTERNAL_OUTPUT | grep con | sed "s/.*connected //" | sed "s/(.*//")

if [ -z "$INTERNAL_STATE" ]; then
STATE="external"
elif [ -z "$EXTERNAL_STATE" ]; then
STATE="internal"
else
INTERNAL_STATE=$(echo $INTERNAL_STATE | sed "s/[0-9]*x[0-9]*//")
EXTERNAL_STATE=$(echo $EXTERNAL_STATE | sed "s/[0-9]*x[0-9]*//")
if [ "$INTERNAL_STATE" = "$EXTERNAL_STATE" ]; then
STATE="mirror"
else
STATE="both"
fi
fi

case "$STATE" in
internal)
screen_mirror
;;
mirror)
screen_external
;;
external)
screen_both
;;
both)
screen_internal
;;
*)
screen_internal
;;
esac
}

# based on /etc/acpi/screenblank.sh (Ubuntu 7.10)
# . /usr/share/acpi-support/power-funcs # for getXuser
getXuser() {
user=`finger| grep -m1 ":$displaynum " | awk '{print $1}'`
if [ x"$user" = x"" ]; then
user=`finger| grep -m1 ":$displaynum" | awk '{print $1}'`
fi
if [ x"$user" != x"" ]; then
userhome=`getent passwd $user | cut -d: -f6`
export XAUTHORITY=$userhome/.Xauthority
else
export XAUTHORITY=""
fi
}
# end of getXuser from /usr/share/acpi-support/power-funcs
#
for x in /tmp/.X11-unix/*; do
displaynum=`echo $x | sed s#/tmp/.X11-unix/X##`
getXuser;
if [ x"$XAUTHORITY" != x"" ]; then
export DISPLAY=":$displaynum"
screen_toggle
fi
done
</bash>

==Script to switch between Internal, VGA and S-video==
This highly overdone script allows to switch between all combinations of Internal, VGA and S-video out. VGA and and S-video at the same time are not allowed on my hardware (I have a T41 with Radeon 7500), so I masked these combinations out. Instead of disabling the internal display with xrandr, I turn off the backlight. One of the allowed combinations is all displays off, and xorg crashes if turning off all displays with xrandr. The script depends on the debian package acpi-support, which is also found in ubuntu and crunchbang (which is what I am using). The dependency can easily be broken out though. Can easily be modified to fulfill other needs, i.e. if you turn off your backlight with something else than radeontool. There is also an OSD displayed in the upper left corner of all active displays.

<bash>
#/bin/sh

. /usr/share/acpi-support/power-funcs # for getXuser
. /etc/default/acpi-support # for RADEON_LIGHT

# First prevent concurrent execution

LOCK_FILE=/tmp/swapscreenslock
WAITING_TIME=1
LOGGER="`which logger 2>/dev/null` -i"
if (set -C; : > $LOCK_FILE) 2>/dev/null; then : ; else
# Lock file exists - wait as long as theoretically is needed for the other script to finish and retry
sleep $WAITING_TIME
if (set -C; : > $LOCK_FILE) 2>/dev/null; then : ; else
# Lock file still exists - we should never end up here! Consider removing the lock file.
$LOGGER "Lock file exists - earlier call to script stalled? Consider removing lock file \"$LOCK_FILE\". Exiting."
exit 1
fi
fi
trap 'rm $LOCK_FILE' EXIT

XRANDR=`which xrandr 2>/dev/null`
OSD_CAT=`which osd_cat 2>/dev/null`
LAPTOP="LVDS"
VGA="VGA-0"
SVIDEO="S-video"
VGA_POSITION="--right-of $LAPTOP"
#VGA_POSITION="--same-as $LAPTOP" # Mirror
SVIDEO_POSITION="--right-of $LAPTOP"

OSD_GENERICARGS="--delay=3 --age=0 --font=-adobe-helvetica-bold-r-normal-*-*-180-*-*-p-*-*-* --colour=green --shadow=1"
OSD_HOFFSET=25
OSD_VOFFSET=25

function screen_toggle {
# Figure out current state
XRANDR_STATUS=`su $user -c "$XRANDR -q"`

# Laptop is of course always connected, however I'll leave the script this
# way for making it easier to make the script a little more generic.
LAPTOP_CONN=`echo "$XRANDR_STATUS" | grep ^$LAPTOP | grep " connected"`
VGA_CONN=`echo "$XRANDR_STATUS" | grep ^$VGA | grep " connected"`
SVIDEO_CONN=`echo "$XRANDR_STATUS" | grep ^$SVIDEO | grep " connected"`

LAPTOP_STATE=`radeontool light | grep 'looks on'`
VGA_STATE=`echo $VGA_CONN | sed 's/.*connected\s$[0-9x+-]*$.*/\1/'`
SVIDEO_STATE=`echo $SVIDEO_CONN | sed 's/.*connected\s$[0-9x+-]*$.*/\1/'`

CONNMASK=0
[ -n "$LAPTOP_CONN" ] && CONNMASK=$(( CONNMASK + 1 ))
if [ -n "$VGA_CONN" ]; then
CONNMASK=$(( CONNMASK + 2 ))
[ -n "$SVIDEO_CONN" ] && CONNMASK=$(( CONNMASK + 4 ))
else
# If VGA is not connected, TV will overtake its bit
[ -n "$SVIDEO_CONN" ] && CONNMASK=$(( CONNMASK + 2 ))
fi

STATE=0
if [ -n "$LAPTOP_STATE" ]; then STATE=$(( STATE + 1 )); fi
if [ -n "$VGA_CONN" ]; then
[ -n "$VGA_STATE" ] && STATE=$(( STATE + 2 ))
[ -n "$SVIDEO_STATE" ] && STATE=$(( STATE + 4 ))
else
# If VGA is not connected, TV will overtake its bit
[ -n "$SVIDEO_STATE" ] && STATE=$(( STATE + 2 ))
fi

# Go to next state
STATE=$(( (STATE+1) % (CONNMASK+1) ))

# Forbidden states are TV and VGA at the same time, regardless of internal state
STATE=$(( STATE % 6 ))

# If no screen is listed as connected, probably xrandr failed - do nothing.
if [ $CONNMASK -ne 0 ]; then
OSDTEXT=

if [ -n "$VGA_CONN" ]; then
# Turn on or off external VGA
if [ $(( (STATE >> 1) % 2 )) -ne 0 ]; then
OSDTEXT="$OSDTEXT $VGA"
su $user -c "$XRANDR --output $VGA $VGA_POSITION --auto"
else
su $user -c "$XRANDR --output $VGA --off"
fi

# Turn on or off S-Video output
if [ $(( (STATE >> 2) % 2 )) -ne 0 ]; then
OSDTEXT="$OSDTEXT $SVIDEO"
su $user -c "$XRANDR --output $SVIDEO $SVIDEO_POSITION --auto"
else
[ -n "$SVIDEO_CONN" ] && su $user -c "$XRANDR --output $SVIDEO --off"
fi
else
# If VGA is not connected, TV will overtake its bit

# Turn on or off S-Video output
if [ $(( (STATE >> 1) % 2 )) -ne 0 ]; then
OSDTEXT="$OSDTEXT $SVIDEO"
su $user -c "$XRANDR --output $SVIDEO $SVIDEO_POSITION --auto"
else
[ -n "$SVIDEO_CONN" ] && su $user -c "$XRANDR --output $SVIDEO --off"
fi
fi

# Never turn on or off internal screen - only turn on or off the backlight.
# Do this after the xrandr calls above, during which the backlight
# might go on.
if [ $(( STATE % 2 )) -ne 0 ]; then
if pidof xscreensaver >/dev/null; then
su $user -c "xscreensaver-command -unthrottle"
fi
if [ x$RADEON_LIGHT = xtrue ]; then
[ -x /usr/sbin/radeontool ] && radeontool light on
fi
if pidof xscreensaver >/dev/null; then
su $user -c "xscreensaver-command -deactivate"
fi
su $user -c "xset dpms force on"
OSDTEXT="$OSDTEXT $LAPTOP"
else
if [ `pidof xscreensaver` ]; then
su $user -c "(xscreensaver-command -throttle)"
fi
# Not calling xset to turn off dpms prohibits key presses from
# turning the backlight back on all the time. Do make sure to have
# RADEON_LIGHT enabled though. The rest of the script works even
# though RADEON_LIGHT left disabled, the only effect is that the
# laptop panel will always be considered "on".
#su $user -c "xset dpms force off"
if [ x$RADEON_LIGHT = xtrue ]; then
[ -x /usr/sbin/radeontool ] && radeontool light off
fi
fi

$LOGGER Currently active GPU outputs: $OSDTEXT

# Wait a little for the hardware to reach the new state
#sleep $WAITING_TIME

# Figure out current state again, to put the OSD on the right places.
XRANDR_STATUS=`su $user -c "$XRANDR -q"`

VGA_CONN=`echo "$XRANDR_STATUS" | grep ^$VGA | grep " connected"`
SVIDEO_CONN=`echo "$XRANDR_STATUS" | grep ^$SVIDEO | grep " connected"`

VGA_STATE=`echo $VGA_CONN | sed 's/.*connected\s$[0-9x+-]*$.*/\1/'`
SVIDEO_STATE=`echo $SVIDEO_CONN | sed 's/.*connected\s$[0-9x+-]*$.*/\1/'`

VGA_HOFFSET=$(( `echo $VGA_STATE | sed 's/[0-9x]*$[+-][0-9]*$.*/\1/'` + OSD_HOFFSET ))
VGA_VOFFSET=$(( `echo $VGA_STATE | sed 's/[0-9x]*[+-][0-9]*$[+-][0-9]*$/\1/'` + OSD_VOFFSET ))
SVIDEO_HOFFSET=$(( `echo $SVIDEO_STATE | sed 's/[0-9x]*$[+-][0-9]*$.*/\1/'` + OSD_HOFFSET ))
SVIDEO_VOFFSET=$(( `echo $SVIDEO_STATE | sed 's/[0-9x]*[+-][0-9]*$[+-][0-9]*$/\1/'` + OSD_VOFFSET ))

# On screen display.
if [ -n "$OSD_CAT" ] ; then
su $user -c "echo $OSDTEXT | $OSD_CAT $OSD_GENERICARGS --offset=$OSD_HOFFSET --indent=$OSD_VOFFSET - &"
[ -n "$VGA_CONN" ] && su $user -c "echo $OSDTEXT | $OSD_CAT $OSD_GENERICARGS --offset=$VGA_VOFFSET --indent=$VGA_HOFFSET - &"
[ -n "$SVIDEO_CONN" ] && su $user -c "echo $OSDTEXT | $OSD_CAT $OSD_GENERICARGS --offset=$SVIDEO_HOFFSET --indent=$SVIDEO_VOFFSET - &"
fi
fi
}

# Snippet borrowed from /etc/acpi/lid.sh
for x in /tmp/.X11-unix/*; do
displaynum=`echo $x | sed s#/tmp/.X11-unix/X##`
getXuser;
if [ x"$XAUTHORITY" != x"" ]; then
export DISPLAY=":$displaynum"
screen_toggle
fi
done
</bash>

If neither VGA nor S-video are connected, the script will only flip on and off the backlight. If one output is connected, be it VGA or S-video, the sequence will be 1) Internal, 2) VGA/S-video (backlight off), 3) Internal+VGA/S-video, 0) all off. If both a monitor and a TV are connected, the sequence will be 1) Internal, 2) VGA (backlight off), 3) Internal+VGA, 4) S-video (backlight off), 5) Internal+S-video, 0) all off.

== A Python Toggle script ==
This is a somewhat over-elaborate script which could be cut down when run by the /usr/local/sbin/toggle-display.sh script above. It was written to explore all the possibilities rather than economy of execution. The functions 'toggle_full', 'position', 'toggle_limited' and the OptionParser in 'main' may be omitted with suitable changes to function7. The appropriate outputs can be specified on the command line and it is not necessary to call it via acpi.
eg you can run it as {{cmduser|/usr/local/bin/toggle.py --help}}

<python>
#! /usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#
# stinkpad(a)blueyonder.co.uk 2007-11-26
"""Toggle internal and external displays (equivalent to ThinkPad Fn7)
Simple; cloned: on+off, on+on, off+on.
Full; as simple plus xinerama: right, below, left, above.
Limited; as full but display will overlap if virtual screen is too small.
Use 'xrandr -q' to determine output names.
Further information: http://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/Xorg_RandR_1.2
"""
__usage__ = "usage: %prog [--help]|[[-i internal][-e external][-d displays]]"
__version__ = "toggle [djclark.eu 2007-11-26]"
#
# Output names; Intel: LVDS VGA TV TMDS-1 TMDS-2
# ATI: LVDS VGA-0 S-video DVI-0
LAPTOP = 'LVDS'
MONITOR = 'VGA'
SEQUENCE = 'simple'
#
import sys
import os
import re

# "LVDS connected 1024x768+0+0 (normal left inverted right) 304mm x 228mm"
REGEX_OUTPUT = re.compile(r"""
(?x) # ignore whitespace
^ # start of string
(?P<output>[A-Za-z0-9\-]*)[ ] # LVDS VGA etc
(?P<connect>(dis)?connected)[ ] # dis/connected
(( # a group
(?P<width>\d+)x # either 1024x768+0+0
(?P<height>\d+)[+]
(?P<horizontal>\d+)[+]
(?P<vertical>\d+)
)|[\D]) # or not a digit
.* # ignore rest of line
""")

# "Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 1024 x 768, maximum 2624 x 1968"
REGEX_SCREEN = re.compile(r"""
(?x) # ignore whitespace
^ # start of string
Screen[ ]
(?P<screen>\d)[: ]+
minimum[ ]
(?P<minWidth>\d+)[ x]+
(?P<minHeight>\d+)[, ]+
current[ ]+
(?P<curWidth>\d+)[ x]+
(?P<curHeight>\d+)[, ]+
maximum[ ]+
(?P<maxWidth>\d+)[ x]+
(?P<maxHeight>\d+)
""")

def toggle_simple(d0, d1):
"""Toggle display states: on+off, on+on, off+on"""
if d1['connect'] == 'disconnected': # external unplugged
return ('auto','off',"") # switch off external
if d1['width'] is 0: # external off
return ('auto','auto',"") # both on
if d0['width'] is 0: # laptop off
return ('auto','off',"") # laptop on
return ('off','auto',"") # both on, laptop off

def toggle_full(d0, d1):
"""Toggle display states: 1+0, 1+1, 0+1, 1+E, 1+S, 1+W, 1+N"""
if d1['connect'] == 'disconnected': # external unplugged
return ('auto','off',"") # switch off external
place = '--%s ' + d0['output']
if d1['width'] == 0: # external off
return ('auto','auto',place%'same-as') # external on
if d0['width'] == 0: # laptop off
return ('auto','off',"") # laptop on
if d1['horizontal'] > 0: # external to right
return ('auto','auto',place%'below') # make below
if d1['vertical'] > 0: # external below
return ('auto','auto',place%'left-of') # make left
if d0['horizontal'] > 0: # external left
return ('auto','auto',place%'above') # make above
if d0['vertical'] > 0: # external above
return ('off','auto',"") # laptop off
return ('auto','auto',place%'right-of') # is same, make right

def position(orientation, da, db, screen):
"""Calculate offset position of second display"""
p = 'auto --pos %sx%s'
if orientation == 'V':
if (da['height'] + db['height']) <= screen['maxHeight']:
return p%(0, da['height'])
return p%(0, screen['maxHeight'] - db['height'])
else:
if (da['width'] + db['width']) <= screen['maxWidth']:
return p%(da['width'],0)
return p%(screen['maxWidth'] - db['width'],0)

def toggle_limited(d0, d1, sz):
"""Toggle display states (overlapped): 1+0,1+1,0+1,1+E,1+S,1+W,1+N"""
if d1['connect'] == 'disconnected': # external unplugged
return ('auto','off') # switch off external
if d1['width'] == 0: # external off
return ('auto --pos 0x0','auto --pos 0x0') # both on
if d0['width'] == 0: # laptop off
return ('auto --pos 0x0','off') # laptop on
if d1['horizontal'] > 0: # external to right
return ('auto --pos 0x0',position('V',d0,d1,sz)) # put *below
if d1['vertical'] > 0: # external below
return (position('H',d1,d0,sz),'auto --pos 0x0') # put *left
if d0['horizontal'] > 0: # external left
return (position('V',d1,d0,sz),'auto --pos 0x0') # put *above
if d0['vertical'] > 0: # external above
return ('off','auto --pos 0x0') # laptop off
return ('auto --pos 0x0',position('H',d0,d1,sz)) # both, put*right

class DisplayNameError(UnboundLocalError):
"""Internal or External Display Name not found by xrandr -q """

def function7(disp0=LAPTOP, disp1=MONITOR, seq=SEQUENCE):
"""Use xrandr to read current display state and change state"""
for line in os.popen('xrandr -q').read().splitlines():
if line.startswith(disp0,0) :
d0_state = REGEX_OUTPUT.match(line).groupdict()
elif line.startswith(disp1,0):
d1_state = REGEX_OUTPUT.match(line).groupdict()
elif line.startswith('Screen',0):
screen_size = REGEX_SCREEN.match(line).groupdict()
for i in ('width','height','horizontal','vertical'):
try:
d0_state[i] = int(d0_state[i])
except TypeError:
d0_state[i] = 0
except UnboundLocalError:
raise DisplayNameError, 'Internal Display: %s not found'% disp0
try:
d1_state[i] = int(d1_state[i])
except TypeError:
d1_state[i] = 0
except UnboundLocalError:
raise DisplayNameError, 'External Display: %s not found'% disp1
for i in screen_size.keys():
try:
screen_size[i] = int(screen_size[i])
except TypeError:
screen_size[i] = 0
#
toggle = toggle_simple
xrandr ='xrandr --output '+disp0+' --%s --output '+disp1+' --%s %s'
if seq == 'full':
toggle = toggle_full
if seq == 'limited':
toggle = toggle_limited
xrandr ='xrandr --output '+disp0+' --%s --output '+disp1+' --%s'
os.popen(xrandr % toggle(d0_state, d1_state, screen_size))
else:
os.popen(xrandr % toggle(d0_state, d1_state))

def main():
""" Command line options """
global LAPTOP,MONITOR,SEQUENCE
from optparse import OptionParser
p = OptionParser(usage=__usage__, version=__version__, description=__doc__)
p.set_defaults(internal=LAPTOP, external=MONITOR, displays=SEQUENCE)
p.add_option('-i','--internal', dest="internal", metavar=LAPTOP,
help="internal display")
p.add_option('-e','--external', dest="external", metavar=MONITOR,
help="external display")
p.add_option('-d','--displays', dest="displays", action="store",
choices=('simple', 'limited', 'full'), metavar=SEQUENCE,
help='simple/limited/full')
(opt, args) = p.parse_args()
try:
function7(opt.internal, opt.external, opt.displays)
except DisplayNameError, err:
print '\n'+str(err)+'\n'
print os.popen('xrandr -q').read()
#
if __name__ == '__main__': #only when run from cmd line
main()
</python>

This modified thinkpad-fn-f7 calls the toggle python script:

<bash>
#!/bin/bash
# usr/local/sbin/toggle-display.sh
# based on /etc/acpi/screenblank.sh (Ubuntu 7.10)
#
# . /usr/share/acpi-support/power-funcs # for getXuser
umask 022;
PATH="$PATH:/usr/bin/X11"
getXuser() {
user=`finger| grep -m1 ":$displaynum " | awk '{print $1}'`
if [ x"$user" = x"" ]; then
user=`finger| grep -m1 ":$displaynum" | awk '{print $1}'`
fi
if [ x"$user" != x"" ]; then
userhome=`getent passwd $user | cut -d: -f6`
export XAUTHORITY=$userhome/.Xauthority
else
export XAUTHORITY=""
fi
}
# end of getXuser from /usr/share/acpi-support/power-funcs
#
for x in /tmp/.X11-unix/*; do
displaynum=`echo $x | sed s#/tmp/.X11-unix/X##`
getXuser;
if [ x"$XAUTHORITY" != x"" ]; then
export DISPLAY=":$displaynum"
## . /usr/share/acpi-support/screenblank.sh
/usr/local/bin/toggle.py
fi
done
</bash>

===Python XRandR===
[[http://www.glatzor.de/blog/blog-details/article/initial-release-of-python-xrandr Python XRandR]] is a set of python bindings to xrandr. The code is currently in development and the following code though much simpler than the python code above may not work reliably.

from xrandr import xrandr
def toggle_simple():
"""Toggle display states: on+off, off+on, on+on off+off"""
screen = xrandr.get_current_screen()
outputs = screen.get_outputs()
for o in outputs:
if o.is_connected():
if o.is_active():
o.disable()
print 'disable %s'% o.name
else:
o.set_to_preferred_mode()
print 'set to preferred mode %s'% o.name
break
screen.apply_output_config()

== Having Fn-F7 run a RandR GUI ==
Instead of using it to toggle various screen(s) configurations, one may want to have it run a RandR GUI, such as grandr.

The following Debian wishlist bugs against the acpi-support package have patches attached that implement this behaviour using acpid; these patches are not Debian-specific, and actually provide example configuration for anyone interested into this:

* http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=515794
* http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=515796

== References ==
[[http://gitweb.freedesktop.org/?p=xorg/app/grandr.git grandr]] graphical interface to xrandr using GTK+ libraries.

[[https://edge.launchpad.net/python-xrandr python-xrandr]] Python bindings to xrandr which should enable a less clunky version of the python script above. Under development.

[[Category:Scripts]]