ThinkWiki - User contributions [en]

Category:X1 Carbon (3rd Gen)

2015-07-21T02:14:24Z

Hendry: /* Archlinux */

This page gives an overview of the Lenovo New ThinkPad X1 Carbon Ultrabook™ (3rd Gen) (2015), also referred to as '''X1C3'''.<br/>
previous generations: [[:Category:X1 Carbon|2012]], [[:Category:X1 Carbon 2nd|2014]]
{{QUOTE|Jonas Hendrickx|ThinkScopes.com|[http://www.thinkscopes.com/blog/2015/01/06/lenovo-thinkpad-x1-carbon-gen-3-review-2/ The new X1 Carbon Gen 3 goes by several name, internally it is referred as Mystique 2, while the gen 2 is Mystique 1, and ThinkPad X1 Carbon Gen 1 is called the Genesis]}}

= Details =
{{Todo|Please note that the specs below are incomple, help needed!}}
* '''Machine type:''' 20BS*, 20BT*
* '''Processor:''' TBD
* '''Graphics:''' [[Intel HD Graphics 5500]]
* '''Display:'''
** 14.0" WQHD (2560x1440), 260nit, IPS with multitouch
** 14.0" WQHD (2560x1440), 300nit
** 14.0" HD+ (1920x1080), 300nit
* '''Memory:'''
** 4GB DDR3L SDRAM 12800 MHz
** 8GB DDR3L SDRAM 12800 MHz
* '''Disk:'''
** 128GB SSD
** 256GB SSD
** 512GB SSD
* '''WLAN:'''
** Intel Centrino 7260 (Wilkins Peak 2 BN) 2x2 AC + Bluetooth 4.0
** Intel Centrino 7260 (Wilkins Peak 2 AC) 2x2 AC + Bluetooth 4.0
* '''WWAN:'''
** Sierra Wireless EM7355 - Gobi 5000
** Ericsson Business Mobile Networks BV N5321 gw
* '''Bluetooth:''' Bluetooth 4.0 supported by WLAN module
* '''Keyboard:''' 5-row with Trackpoint, backlit Keyboard keys
* '''I/O Ports:'''
** 2 x USB 3.0 (1 with AOU)
** Audio/Mic Combo
** OneLink Dock
** HDMI
** MiniDP
** Ethernet mini jack
** Sim card slot
* '''Battery:''' Up to 10.9 hours
* '''Webcam:''' [[Integrated camera]] 1.3MP - 720P with mute function
* '''Audio:''' Dolby® Home Theater® v4 with Digital Dual Array microphone certified for Microsoft Lync
* '''Fingerprint Reader''': yes
* '''Wired ethernet network''': yes, via a external dongle provided [https://www.flickr.com/photos/hendry/16769857511/ FRU:04X6435; Lenovo P/N:SC10A39882AB]

* [http://support.lenovo.com/us/en/products/laptops-and-netbooks/thinkpad-x-series-laptops/thinkpad-x1-carbon-20bs-20bt Download and support page for ThinkPad X1 Carbon 3rd Gen]
* [http://download.lenovo.com/pccbbs/mobiles_pdf/x1_carbon3_hmm_en_sp40g55065.pdf Hardware Maintenance Manual Thinkpad X1 Carbon 3] (52,995,586 bytes)

= Distro resources =
==Archlinux==
Amazingly the X1C3 works out of the box on Archlinux. Only a couple of niggly issues remain:
* HDMI sound output does not work
* Trackpad is a horrible UX
* [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Lenovo_ThinkPad_X1_Carbon_(Gen_3) Resources for running with Archlinux]

==Debian==
Debian Jessie worked out of the box via the Ethernet connection and a netinst image on USB. All buttons appear to work. Neet some more time to test but amazing. Did install the non-free firmware and repos. Confirmed that HDMI audio does work however I had to configure the HDMI audio source to be higher in the list to be selected for output. ArchLinux above should work with proper settings.

==Ubuntu==
[http://fredrik.wendt.se/2015/02/24/lenovo-thinkpad-x1-carbon-3rd-gen/ Ubuntu 14.10 on ThinkPad X1 Carbon 3rd Gen]

[[Category:X1_Carbon]][[Category:X Series]]

Category:X1 Carbon (3rd Gen)

2015-05-19T05:03:24Z

Hendry: mention the wired network port

This page gives an overview of the Lenovo New ThinkPad X1 Carbon Ultrabook™ (3rd Gen) (2015), also referred to as '''X1C3'''.<br/>
previous generations: [[:Category:X1 Carbon|2012]], [[:Category:X1 Carbon 2nd|2014]]
{{QUOTE|Jonas Hendrickx|ThinkScopes.com|[http://www.thinkscopes.com/blog/2015/01/06/lenovo-thinkpad-x1-carbon-gen-3-review-2/ The new X1 Carbon Gen 3 goes by several name, internally it is referred as Mystique 2, while the gen 2 is Mystique 1, and ThinkPad X1 Carbon Gen 1 is called the Genesis]}}

= Details =
{{Todo|Please note that the specs below are incomple, help needed!}}
* '''Machine type:''' 20BS*, 20BT*
* '''Processor:''' TBD
* '''Graphics:''' [[Intel HD Graphics 5500]]
* '''Display:'''
** 14.0" WQHD (2560x1440), 260nit, IPS with multitouch
** 14.0" WQHD (2560x1440), 300nit
** 14.0" HD+ (1920x1080), 300nit
* '''Memory:'''
** 4GB DDR3L SDRAM 12800 MHz
** 8GB DDR3L SDRAM 12800 MHz
* '''Disk:'''
** 256GB SSD
** 512GB SSD
* '''WLAN:'''
** Intel Centrino 7260 (Wilkins Peak 2 BN) 2x2 AC + Bluetooth 4.0
** Intel Centrino 7260 (Wilkins Peak 2 AC) 2x2 AC + Bluetooth 4.0
* '''WWAN:'''
** Sierra Wireless EM7355 - Gobi 5000
** Ericsson Business Mobile Networks BV N5321 gw
* '''Bluetooth:''' Bluetooth 4.0 supported by WLAN module
* '''Keyboard:''' 5-row with Trackpoint, backlit Keyboard keys
* '''I/O Ports:'''
** 2 x USB 3.0 (1 with AOU)
** Audio/Mic Combo OneLink Dock
** HDMI
** MiniDP
* '''Battery:''' Up to 10.9 hours
* '''Webcam:''' [[Integrated camera]] 1.3MP - 720P with mute function
* '''Audio:''' Dolby® Home Theater® v4 with Digital Dual Array microphone certified for Microsoft Lync
* '''Fingerprint Reader''': yes
* '''Wired ethernet network''': yes, via a external dongle provided [https://www.flickr.com/photos/hendry/16769857511/ FRU:04X6435]

* [http://support.lenovo.com/us/en/products/laptops-and-netbooks/thinkpad-x-series-laptops/thinkpad-x1-carbon-20bs-20bt Download and support page for ThinkPad X1 Carbon 3rd Gen]
* [http://download.lenovo.com/pccbbs/mobiles_pdf/x1_carbon3_hmm_en_sp40g55065.pdf Hardware Maintenance Manual Thinkpad X1 Carbon 3] (52,995,586 bytes)

= Distro resources =
==Archlinux==
Amazingly the X1C3 works out of the box on Archlinux. Only a couple of niggly issues remain:
* Brightness buttons do not work
* HDMI sound output does not work
* [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Lenovo_ThinkPad_X1_Carbon_(Gen_3) Resources for running with Archlinux]

=Ubuntu=
[http://fredrik.wendt.se/2015/02/24/lenovo-thinkpad-x1-carbon-3rd-gen/ Ubuntu 14.10 on ThinkPad X1 Carbon 3rd Gen]

[[Category:X1_Carbon]][[Category:X Series]]

ThinkPad X1 Carbon Gen3

2015-03-16T01:24:49Z

Hendry: Fix header

Amazingly the <abbr title="ThinkPad X1 Carbon Gen3">X1C3</abbr> works out of the box on Archlinux.

Only a couple of niggly issues remain:
* Brightness buttons do not work
* HDMI sound output does not work

= Distro resources =

* [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Lenovo_ThinkPad_X1_Carbon_(Gen_3) Resources for running with Archlinux]

ThinkPad X1 Carbon Gen3

2015-03-16T01:24:20Z

Hendry:

Amazingly the <abbr title="ThinkPad X1 Carbon Gen3">X1C3</abbr> works out of the box on Archlinux.

Only a couple of niggly issues remain:
* Brightness buttons do not work
* HDMI sound output does not work

# Distro resources

* [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Lenovo_ThinkPad_X1_Carbon_(Gen_3) Resources for running with Archlinux]

ThinkPad X1 Carbon Gen3

2015-03-16T01:16:54Z

Hendry: Links to working setups

* [https://push.cx/2015/dual-booting-arch-linux-on-lenovo-x1-carbon-3rd-gen Dual-Booting Arch Linux on Lenovo X1 Carbon 3rd gen]
* [http://natalian.org/archives/2015/02/18/Archlinux_on_a_Lenovo_X1C3/ X1C3 on Archlinux]

BIOS Upgrade/X Series

2013-11-19T05:35:28Z

Hendry: Simple X220 bios update

__TOC__

X Series Thinkpads do not have internal optical or floppy drives. If there is no Windows installed, the BIOS must be updated by booting from an USB drive or a drive that is integrated in the docking station. In recent times Lenovo provides BIOS updates in form of bootable CD images. Unfortunately, in most cases these images are intended to be used with the docking station's CD drive. If you do not own such a drive, things get complicated.

The problem is that current BIOS updates are quite large, about 3 MB in size. Booting from CDs typically works like booting from a 1.44 MB or 2.88 MB floppy disk. The floppy image is stored on the CD and is referenced in the CD's boot record. Because the BIOS update files are that large, they do not fit on such a floppy image. To resolve it, you have to either use a large harddisk image for your bootimage (e.g. in [[:Category:X200|X200]], [[:Category:X200_Tablet|X200 Tablet]] and [[:Category:X301|X301]]), or store these update files on the CD outside the virtual floppy image. For the former case, see [[BIOS update without optical disk]]. This page concerns with the later case.

To access the BIOS update files on the CD outside the bootimage, a driver for the CD drive has to be loaded. Since Lenovo's CD images are intended to be used with a docking station's CD drive, it is not possible to use them for BIOS updates by booting from an USB CD drive.

Another problem is that older X Series (like the {{X32}}) don't have bootable iso images at all. They have only two options: 1. update from Windows, 2. update using a diskette updater, which requires you to have a real floppy disk drive.

But there is hope. This page describes some approaches to solve the problems above.

Here is a brief overview of each approach:
* [[#Approach 1: Use larger boot image and create virtual CD drive]]<br>Requires a USB CD drive. Reported to work on {{X60s}}.

* [[#Approach 2: Load an USB driver, create RAM disk and copy the files to the RAM disk]]<br>Requires a USB CD drive. People have reported mixed results, with the flash update software freezing, depending on things like CD drive letter and type. Reported to work on {{X60s}}.

* [[#Approach 3: Alternative method using a USB stick]]<br>Requires a USB flash drive, Microsoft Windows, and some HP software tool. Reported to work on {{X60s}}, {{X61}}.

* [[#Approach 4: Alternative method to the above "alternative method"]]<br>Requires a USB flash drive, Microsoft Windows, and some HP software tool. Seems functionally similar to Approach 3.

* [[#Approach 5: Free Alternative method to the above "alternative method"]]<br>Requires a USB flash drive, does not require MS Windows or any proprietary software.

* [[#Approach 6: Using a USB stick to upgrade BIOS on older X Series Thinkpads]]<br>Requires a USB flash drive. Reported to work on {{X32}}.

* [[#Approach 7: Use syslinux to boot floppy images which are part of the IBM/ Lenovo BIOS update CD ISO files.]]<br>Done with a {{X31}} to upgrade the EC to version 1.08 and the BIOS to 3.02.

= Approach 1: Use larger boot image and create virtual CD drive =

The CD images provided by Lenovo can be modified such that a BIOS update is possible -- without loading any drivers. I ([[User:Joachim_Selke|Joachim Selke]]) successfully updated my Thinkpad {{X60s}} using the following method.

My first idea was to take Lenovo's ISO CD image and modify it such that a USB CD drive can be used instead the CD drive in the docking station. Unfortunately, simply replacing the drivers is not enough. While doing the BIOS update, the USB ports seem to get disabled or something like that. To circumvent this problem I tried to create a RAM disk, copy the needed files to this RAM disk, and then use this RAM disk as some kind of virtual CD drive. However, there were some problems with this approach as reported below. For a description of this old approach see the section "Approach 2: Load an USB driver, create RAM disk and copy the files to the RAM disk" below. I developed a new approach to solve this problem and will describe it here.

The idea is to create a new bootable ISO image that is large enough to hold the original ISO file. This can be done by switching from the virtual floppy drive used by Lenovo's update disk to a virtual hard disk drive (for details, see the El Torito standard). Instead of loading the CD drive driver provided by Lenovo we load the [[http://www.oocities.com/jadoxa/shsucdx/index.html SHSUCD drivers]]. This driver enables us to create a virtual CD drive from Lenovo's original ISO file.

I wrote a script to automate this steps and create a new ISO file from Lenovo's ISO file. This new ISO file can directly be used to update the BIOS. My script takes four arguments:
<ol>
<li>the filename of Lenovo's original ISO file (e.g. <tt>/home/selke/Desktop/7buj23uc.iso</tt>)</li>
<li>the filename of the new ISO file to be created (e.g. <tt>/home/selke/Desktop/out.iso</tt>)</li>
<li>the location of shsucdrd.exe (e.g. <tt>/home/selke/Desktop/shsucdrd.exe</tt></li>
<li>the location of shsucdx.com (e.g. <tt>/home/selke/Desktop/shsucdx.com</tt></li>
</ol>

Both shsucdrd.exe and shsucdx.com can be downloaded from [http://www.oocities.com/jadoxa/shsucdx/index.html].

To sum up, an example call of the script would be <tt>convertlenovo.sh /home/selke/Desktop/7buj23uc.iso /home/selke/Desktop/out.iso /home/selke/Desktop/shsucdrd.exe /home/selke/Desktop/shsucdx.com</tt>

Note that you need recent versions of the following tools:
<ul>
<li>mkdosfs (for Fedora users: contained in the package dosfstools)</li>
<li>mkisofs</li>
</ul>

The script runs perfectly on my Fedora 11 system (it should also run without problems on Fedora 7, 8, 9, 10 and other popular distributions). If there are problems, please tell me ([[User:Joachim_Selke|Joachim Selke]]).

Further note that the script at some point requires you to enter the root password since it must mount a disk image. As far as I know, this cannot be done without root privileges.

What does the script do? I will give a short overview:
<ol>
<li>Extract the boot floppy image from Lenovo's bootable ISO file.</li>
<li>Create a new boot hard disk image and copy both the boot sector and the files from Lenovo's boot floppy image to the new image.</li>
<li>Copy Lenovo's ISO image to the new hard disk image.</li>
<li>Also copy the SHSUCD drivers to the hard disk and change autoexec.bat and config.sys accordingly. When booting this hard disk image a new virtual CD drive will be created by SHSUCD. This virtual CD drive will have Lenovo's original ISO disc "inserted."</li>
<li>Create a new ISO file that only consists of the boot image given by the bootable hard disk image just created.</li>
</ol>

Some additional notes:
<ul>
<li>Currently, the script is not able to handle spaces in file names properly. Thus, the file names and directory path names used when calling the script should not contain spaces.</li>
<li>The file name of the original ISO file (7buj23uc.iso in the example above) must follow the DOS 8.3 file name conventions; otherwise SHSUCD will not be able to load the ISO image.</li>
</ul>

Here is the complete script (save it as <tt>convertlenovo.sh</tt>):

<pre>
#!/bin/bash

# Written by Joachim Selke (mail@joachim-selke.de), 2007-12-28

# Known bugs:
# - spaces in file names make trouble at the moment (so try to avoid spaces),
# I will fix that later
# - some users seem to have problems with some of the sed statements,
# I currently have no idea what is wrong there ... (please report those bugs)

CDIMAGE=$1 # location of Lenovo's CD image
NEWCDIMAGE=$2 # filename of ISO file to create
SHSUCDRD_EXE=$3 # location of shsucdrd.exe
SHSUCDX_COM=$4 # location of shsucdx.com

MB_HDD=50 # HDD image size in megabyte (base 1000)

TMPDIR=`mktemp -d`
ISODIR=`mktemp -d`

HDDIMG=$ISODIR/hdd.img # filename of HDD image to create
FLOPPYIMG=$TMPDIR/floppy.img # filename of floppy image to create

##############################################################################

# This script extracts the floopy boot image from bootable ISO images
#
# Written by Joachim Selke (mail@joachim-selke.de), 2007-04-07

ISOFILE=$CDIMAGE
IMAGEFILE=$FLOPPYIMG

if [ ! -r $ISOFILE ]; then
echo $ISOFILE: file does not exist or is not readable
exit 1
fi

if [ -z $IMAGEFILE ]; then
echo Error: no image file specified
exit 1
fi

ISOFILESIZE=`stat -c %s $ISOFILE`

# collect El Torito data
# see http://www.phoenix.com/NR/rdonlyres/98D3219C-9CC9-4DF5-B496-A286D893E36A/0/specscdrom.pdf for reference

BOOTCATALOGPOINTERBYTE=$((17 * 0x800 + 0x47))

if [ $ISOFILESIZE -lt $(($BOOTCATALOGPOINTERBYTE + 4)) ]; then
echo ISO file is too short, possibly damaged
exit 1
fi

# absolute pointer to first sector of boot catalog:
BOOTCATALOG=`od -A n -t x4 -N 4 -j $BOOTCATALOGPOINTERBYTE $ISOFILE | tr -d [:blank:]`

BOOTCATALOGBYTE=$((0x$BOOTCATALOG * 0x800))

echo Boot catalog starts at byte $BOOTCATALOGBYTE

if [ $ISOFILESIZE -lt $(($BOOTCATALOGBYTE + 32 + 2)) ]; then
echo ISO file is too short, possibly damaged
exit 1
fi

# media type of boot image
# only floppy disk images are supported by this script
BOOTMEDIATYPE=`od -A n -t x1 -N 1 -j $(($BOOTCATALOGBYTE + 32 + 1)) $ISOFILE | tr -d [:blank:]`

if [ $BOOTMEDIATYPE -eq 1 ]; then
echo Boot media type is 1.2M floppy disk
IMAGEBLOCKS=$((1200 / 2))
elif [ $BOOTMEDIATYPE -eq 2 ]; then
echo Boot media type is 1.44M floppy disk
IMAGEBLOCKS=$((1440 / 2))
elif [ $BOOTMEDIATYPE -eq 3 ]; then
echo Boot media type is 2.88M floppy disk
IMAGEBLOCKS=$((2880 / 2))
else
echo Boot media type is $((0x$BOOTMEDIATYPE)). This type is not supported yet.
exit 1
fi

# absolute pointer to start of boot image
BOOTIMAGE=`od -A n -t x4 -N 4 -j $(($BOOTCATALOGBYTE + 32 + 8)) $ISOFILE | tr -d [:blank:]`

BOOTIMAGEBYTE=$((0x$BOOTIMAGE * 0x800))

echo Boot image starts at byte $BOOTIMAGEBYTE

if [ $ISOFILESIZE -lt $((0x$BOOTIMAGE * 0x800 + $IMAGEBLOCKS * 0x800)) ]; then
echo ISO file is too short, possibly damaged
exit 1
fi

echo Extracting boot image ...

dd if=$ISOFILE of=$IMAGEFILE bs=2K count=$IMAGEBLOCKS skip=$((0x$BOOTIMAGE))

echo Finished

##############################################################################

NO_HEA=16 # heads
NO_SECT=63 # sectors per cylinder/track
B_SECT=512 # bytes per sector

B_CYL=$(($NO_HEA * $NO_SECT * $B_SECT)) # bytes per cylinder/track

NO_CYL=$(($MB_HDD * 1000 * 1000 / $B_CYL)) # cylinders/tracks per head

echo -n -e "Cylinders: $NO_CYL\nHeads: $NO_HEA\nSectors per track: $NO_SECT\nBytes per sector: $B_SECT\n"

echo Creating empty image ...
dd if=/dev/zero of=$HDDIMG bs=$B_CYL count=$NO_CYL >/dev/null 2>&1

echo Creating partition structure ...
echo -n -e "o\n n\n p\n 1\n \n \n t\n 6\n a\n 1\n w\n" | /sbin/fdisk -b $B_SECT -C $NO_CYL -H $NO_HEA -S $NO_SECT $HDDIMG >/dev/null 2>&1

echo Writing master boot record ...
echo -n -e "\
\xFA\xB8\x00\x10\x8E\xD0\xBC\x00\xB0\xB8\x00\x00\x8E\xD8\x8E\xC0\
\xFB\xBE\x00\x7C\xBF\x00\x06\xB9\x00\x02\xF3\xA4\xEA\x21\x06\x00\
\x00\xBE\xBE\x07\x38\x04\x75\x0B\x83\xC6\x10\x81\xFE\xFE\x07\x75\
\xF3\xEB\x16\xB4\x02\xB0\x01\xBB\x00\x7C\xB2\x80\x8A\x74\x01\x8B\
\x4C\x02\xCD\x13\xEA\x00\x7C\x00\x00\xEB\xFE\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\
\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\
\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\
\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\
\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\
\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\
\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\
\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\
\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\
\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\
\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\
\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\
\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\
\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\
\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\
\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\
\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\
\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\
\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\
\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\
\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\
\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\
\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\
\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x52\xF9\x06\x00\x00\x00\
" | dd of=$HDDIMG bs=1 conv=notrunc >/dev/null 2>&1

echo Creating primary partition ...
# extract partition, create FAT16 filesystem and copy back
PARTFILE=${HDDIMG}-PARTITION
SECT_PARTTABLE=$NO_SECT
B_PARTTABLE=$(($SECT_PARTTABLE * $B_SECT))
dd if=$HDDIMG of=$PARTFILE bs=$B_SECT skip=$SECT_PARTTABLE >/dev/null 2>&1
/sbin/mkdosfs -F 16 -h $NO_SECT $PARTFILE
# Correct physical drive number (set to 0x00, should be 0x80)
echo -n -e "\x80" | dd of=$PARTFILE bs=1 seek=36 conv=notrunc >/dev/null 2>&1
# Correct sectors per track (set to 0x0020, should be $NO_SECT)
NO_SECT_HEX1=$(echo "ibase=10; obase=16; $(($NO_SECT / 256))" | bc)
NO_SECT_HEX2=$(echo "ibase=10; obase=16; $(($NO_SECT % 256))" | bc)
NO_SECT_HEX=$(echo -n -e "\\x$NO_SECT_HEX2\\x$NO_SECT_HEX1")
echo -n -e $NO_SECT_HEX | dd of=$PARTFILE bs=1 seek=24 conv=notrunc >/dev/null 2>&1
dd if=$PARTFILE of=$HDDIMG bs=$B_SECT seek=$SECT_PARTTABLE >/dev/null 2>&1
rm -f $PARTFILE

# transfer floppy boot sector code
B_BOOTSECPARAM=62 # length of parameter block in boot sector
B_BOOTSECCODE=$(($B_SECT - B_BOOTSECPARAM)) # length of code block in boot sector
echo Copying boot sector ...
dd if=$FLOPPYIMG of=$HDDIMG bs=1 count=$B_BOOTSECCODE skip=$B_BOOTSECPARAM seek=$(($B_PARTTABLE + $B_BOOTSECPARAM)) conv=notrunc >/dev/null 2>&1

echo Copying DOS files ...
CDIMAGE_BASENAME=$(basename $CDIMAGE)
HDDDIR=$TMPDIR/hdd
FLOPPYDIR=$TMPDIR/floppy
su --command="\
mkdir $HDDDIR;\
mkdir $FLOPPYDIR;\
mount -oloop $FLOPPYIMG $FLOPPYDIR;\
mount -t msdos -oloop,offset=$(($SECT_PARTTABLE * $B_SECT)) $HDDIMG $HDDDIR;\
cp --preserve $FLOPPYDIR/ibmbio.com $HDDDIR;\
cp --preserve $FLOPPYDIR/ibmdos.com $HDDDIR;\
cp --preserve -u $FLOPPYDIR/* $HDDDIR;\
cp --preserve=timestamps $CDIMAGE $HDDDIR;\
cp --preserve=timestamps $SHSUCDRD_EXE $HDDDIR;\
cp --preserve=timestamps $SHSUCDX_COM $HDDDIR;\
cat $FLOPPYDIR/config.sys | \
sed -e 's/A:\\\/C:\\\/' | \
grep -v IBMTPCD.SYS >$HDDDIR/config.sys;\
cat $FLOPPYDIR/autoexec.bat | \
sed -e 's/LOADHIGH MSCDEX.EXE \/D:TPCD001/shsucdrd.exe \/f:$CDIMAGE_BASENAME\r\nshsucdx.com \/d:SHSU-CDR,R/' >$HDDDIR/autoexec.bat;\
umount $FLOPPYDIR;\
umount $HDDDIR;\
rm -rf $FLOPPYDIR;\
rm -rf $HDDDIR"

echo Creating ISO image ...
mkisofs -input-charset default -hard-disk-boot -b $(basename $HDDIMG) -hide boot.cat -hide $(basename $HDDIMG) -o $NEWCDIMAGE $ISODIR

rm -rf $TMPDIR
rm -rf $ISODIR

echo Completed!
</pre>

If you have any questions, feel free to ask. :-)

BTW: It would be much simpler if I simply could put the new ISO images for download somewhere. But I guess for legal reasons this will not be possible.

== Comments on Approach 1 ==

<ul>

<li>
Reported to work on:
<ul>
<li>ThinkPad X60s (1702-55G) with Plextor PX-608CU USB DVD recorder</li>
<li>ThinkPad X60 (1702-55G) with Plextor PX-608CU USB DVD recorder, upgraded BIOS from version 2.14 to 2.16</li>
<li>ThinkPad X60 (1706-GMG) with Plextor PX-608CU USB DVD recorder, upgraded BIOS from version 2.03 to 2.14</li>
<li>ThinkPad X61s (7666-36G) with Freecom FS-50 USB DVD recorder, upgraded BIOS from version 1.10 to 2.07</li>
<li>ThinkPad X300 (6476-CTO) with Nu SBW-242US USB DVD recorder, upgraded BIOS from 1.05 to 1.08</li>
<li>Thinkpad X60s (1704-44U) with Lite-On DX-20A3H, upgraded BIOS from 2.17 to 2.18</li>
<li>ThinkPad X61s (7666-36G) with Samsung SE-S224 USB DVD recorder, upgraded BIOS from version 2.07 to 2.20</li>
</ul>
</li>

</ul>

= Approach 2: Load an USB driver, create RAM disk and copy the files to the RAM disk =

I ([[User:Joachim_Selke | Joachim Selke]]) successfully updated my Thinkpad {{X60s}} using the following method.

My first idea was to take Lenovo's ISO CD image and modify it such that a USB CD drive can be used instead the CD drive in the docking station. Unfortunately, simply replacing the drivers is not enough. While doing the BIOS update, the USB ports seem to get disabled or something like that. To circumvent this problem I tried to create a RAM disk, copy the needed files to this RAM disk, and then use this RAM disk as some kind of virtual CD drive. However, there were some problems with this approach as reported below.

<ol>
<li>
Download the ISO image style BIOS update from Lenovo's website. This file will be refered to as <tt>/tmp/bios-lenovo.iso</tt>.
</li>

<li>
Extract the floppy image from this ISO image. You can use the following shell script for this task (or an alternative one from [http://userpages.uni-koblenz.de/~krienke/ftp/noarch/geteltorito/]). Simply save this code into the file <tt>/tmp/extractbootimage.sh</tt>, set the x-flag (<tt>chmod +x /tmp/extractbootimage.sh</tt>) and call it using the command <tt>/tmp/extractbootimage.sh /tmp/bios-lenovo.iso /tmp/bios-lenovo.img</tt>. The floppy image contained in the ISO image will then be saved to <tt>/tmp/bios-lenovo.img</tt>. Here is the code of the shell script:
<pre>
#!/bin/bash

# This script extracts the floopy boot image from bootable ISO images
#
# Written by Joachim Selke (mail@joachim-selke.de), 2007-04-07

ISOFILE=$1
IMAGEFILE=$2

if [ ! -r $ISOFILE ]; then
echo $ISOFILE: file does not exist or is not readable
exit 1
fi

if [ -z $IMAGEFILE ]; then
echo Error: no image file specified
exit 1
fi

ISOFILESIZE=`stat -c %s $ISOFILE`

# collect El Torito data
# see http://www.phoenix.com/NR/rdonlyres/98D3219C-9CC9-4DF5-B496-A286D893E36A/0/specscdrom.pdf for reference

BOOTCATALOGPOINTERBYTE=$((17 * 0x800 + 0x47))

if [ $ISOFILESIZE -lt $(($BOOTCATALOGPOINTERBYTE + 4)) ]; then
echo ISO file is too short, possibly damaged
exit 1
fi

# absolute pointer to first sector of boot catalog:
BOOTCATALOG=`od -A n -t x4 -N 4 -j $BOOTCATALOGPOINTERBYTE $ISOFILE | tr -d [:blank:]`

BOOTCATALOGBYTE=$((0x$BOOTCATALOG * 0x800))

echo Boot catalog starts at byte $BOOTCATALOGBYTE

if [ $ISOFILESIZE -lt $(($BOOTCATALOGBYTE + 32 + 2)) ]; then
echo ISO file is too short, possibly damaged
exit 1
fi

# media type of boot image
# only floppy disk images are supported by this script
BOOTMEDIATYPE=`od -A n -t x1 -N 1 -j $(($BOOTCATALOGBYTE + 32 + 1)) $ISOFILE | tr -d [:blank:]`

if [ $BOOTMEDIATYPE -eq 1 ]; then
echo Boot media type is 1.2M floppy disk
IMAGEBLOCKS=$((1200 / 2))
elif [ $BOOTMEDIATYPE -eq 2 ]; then
echo Boot media type is 1.44M floppy disk
IMAGEBLOCKS=$((1440 / 2))
elif [ $BOOTMEDIATYPE -eq 3 ]; then
echo Boot media type is 2.88M floppy disk
IMAGEBLOCKS=$((2880 / 2))
else
echo Boot media type is $((0x$BOOTMEDIATYPE)). This type is not supported yet.
exit 1
fi

# absolute pointer to start of boot image
BOOTIMAGE=`od -A n -t x4 -N 4 -j $(($BOOTCATALOGBYTE + 32 + 8)) $ISOFILE | tr -d [:blank:]`

BOOTIMAGEBYTE=$((0x$BOOTIMAGE * 0x800))

echo Boot image starts at byte $BOOTIMAGEBYTE

if [ $ISOFILESIZE -lt $((0x$BOOTIMAGE * 0x800 + $IMAGEBLOCKS * 0x800)) ]; then
echo ISO file is too short, possibly damaged
exit 1
fi

echo Extracting boot image ...

dd if=$ISOFILE of=$IMAGEFILE bs=2K count=$IMAGEBLOCKS skip=$((0x$BOOTIMAGE))

echo Finished
</pre>
</li>

<li>
Mount the floppy image '''as root''' using the loop device:
:{{cmdroot|mkdir /tmp/bios-lenovo.img-mnt}}
:{{cmdroot|mount -o loop /tmp/bios-lenovo.img /tmp/bios-lenovo.img-mnt}}
The image is now mounted as <tt>/tmp/bios-lenovo.img-mnt</tt>.
</li>

<li>
Download needed drivers. First download some [http://panasonic.co.jp/pcc/products/drive/other/driver/f2h_usb.exe USB drivers] from Panasonic Japan. Save the file to <tt>/tmp/f2h_usb.exe</tt> This file is a self-extracting EXE file, that can be executed under Linux using [http://www.winehq.com/ Wine]:
:{{cmduser|wine /tmp/f2h_usb.exe}}
You will be asked where to save the extracted files. Choose <tt>/tmp</tt>. A new directory <tt>/tmp/F2h</tt> containing the needed drivers will be created.

Additionally, you will need drivers for the RAM disk mentioned. Download them from the [http://sourceforge.net/projects/srdisk ReSizeable RAMDisk project]. Unzip them to <tt>/tmp/srdisk</tt>.
</li>

<li>
Let's modify the floppy image:
:{{cmduser|cp /tmp/F2h/Usbaspi.sys /tmp/bios-lenovo.img-mnt/}}
:{{cmduser|cp /tmp/F2h/USBCD.SYS /tmp/bios-lenovo.img-mnt/}}
:{{cmduser|cp /tmp/F2h/RAMFD.SYS /tmp/bios-lenovo.img-mnt/}}
:{{cmduser|cp /tmp/srdisk/srdxms.sys /tmp/bios-lenovo.img-mnt/}}
:{{cmduser|cp /tmp/srdisk/srdisk.exe /tmp/bios-lenovo.img-mnt/}}
Now add the following lines to <tt>/tmp/bios-lenovo.img-mnt/config.sys</tt> replacing the line <tt>DEVICE = A:\IBMTPCD.SYS /R /C</tt>:
<pre>
DEVICE = A:\SRDXMS.SYS
DEVICE = A:\RAMFD.SYS
DEVICE = A:\USBASPI.SYS /V
DEVICE = A:\USBCD.SYS /D:TPCD001
</pre>
Finally, edit the file <tt>/tmp/bios-lenovo.img-mnt/autoexec.bat</tt> replacing the last line (saying <tt>COMMAND.COM</tt>) by the following:
<pre>
A:\SRDISK 10000
COPY *.* D:
D:
COMMAND.COM
</pre>

Maybe the RAM disk gets a drive letter different from D: on your system. In this case, you have to change the above lines accordingly.
</li>

<li>
Unmount the floppy image (as root):
:{{cmdroot|umount /tmp/bios-lenovo.img-mnt}}
</li>

<li>
Copy the content of the original CD image to a new directory and create a new ISO file:
:{{cmdroot|mkdir /tmp/bios-lenovo.iso-mnt}}
:{{cmdroot|mount -o loop /tmp/bios-lenovo.iso /tmp/bios-lenovo.iso-mnt}}
:{{cmduser|mkdir /tmp/bios-new.iso-mnt}}
:{{cmduser|cp /tmp/bios-lenovo.iso-mnt/* /tmp/bios-new.iso-mnt}}
:{{cmduser|cp /tmp/bios-lenovo.img /tmp/bios-new.iso-mnt/boot.img}}
:{{cmdroot|umount /tmp/bios-lenovo.iso-mnt}}
:{{cmduser|mkisofs -relaxed-filenames -b boot.img -o /tmp/bios-new.iso /tmp/bios-new.iso-mnt/}}
</li>

<li>
The file <tt>/tmp/bios-new.iso</tt> is the modified ISO file. Just burn it to CD and use this CD for updating your BIOS (boot from it using your USB drive). Please give some comments here if it worked for you.
</li>

</ol>

== Comments on Approach 2 ==

<ul>

<li>
I have followed your excellent instructions. The CD booted, the update program ran but stopped working and responding while updating. Luckily the BIOS was not destroyed. Since destroying the BIOS is a very high risk, I am going to recover the original Windows on an old HD and will run the update exe update program from there.
</li>

<li>
I followed these clear instructions, and like the comment above I ended up with a CD that booted but the update program stopped working and responding. An ALT-CTRL-DELETE rebooted my x60s, and it works so the BIOS must not have been damaged. I was trying to upgrade from version 2.08 to 2.11, I wonder if these instructions are somehow particular to certain versions?
[[User:Latch|Latch]] 01:22, 14 June 2007 (UTC)
</li>

<li>
After following the above instructions, the program also stopped working while updating the BIOS. But after changing the drive letter from D: to C: (see code below), it everything worked fine. However, I had some trouble figuring out, which letter to choose over D: at first, as the BIOS Upgrade program started right away.

<pre>
A:\SRDISK 10000
COPY *.* C:
C:
COMMAND.COM
</pre>
[[User:Mtx|Mtx]], 1 August 2007, Thinkpad X61s
</li>

<li>
Flashing the bios (2.12) works for me on a X60s (using drive c). Using the DVD-R on an USB-Hub did not work.<br> [[User:Ra|Ra]] 00:15, 21 August 2007 (UTC)
</li>

<li>
Flashing BIOS 2.14 works for me on a X60s (using drive c). 25-02-2008
</li>

</ul>

= Approach 3: Alternative method using a USB stick =

''Note: none of the above methods worked on my X60s. This method worked for me, however.'' [[User:PhilipPaeps|PhilipPaeps]] 16:41, 24 August 2007 (UTC)

This method was surprisingly painless once I convinced my ThinkPad X60s to boot DOS from a USB stick. I used VMWare and some mystical tool to get DOS on the stick. If you can find another way to get a bootable DOS stick, please update this section!

* Tell VMWare to create a virtual floppy image for you and format it under Microsoft Windows and tell it to create a system disk. You can do this by clicking into "My Computer", then right-clicking on the "Floppy" icon and selecting "Format". In the box that pops up, you need to check the box that says "Create an MS-DOS startup disk" and then click "Start".

* When you've done that, get this tool: http://www.techpowerup.com/downloads/330/mirrors.php and install it. The tool is apparantly something HP once wrote, but I have been unable to find a link to it anywhere on the HP website.

* In a command prompt again: <code>C:\DriveKey\HPUSBF.EXE E: -Q -B:A:\</code>, replacing the <code>E:</code> with the "drive letter" associated with your USB stick (you can find this letter in "My Computer" under "Removable Storage"). '''WARNING:''' this wipes anything on the USB stick. You will end up with a USB stick which appears empty at this point, but there is DOS on it somewhere.

* Now mount the BIOS update ISO image from Lenovo as a virtual CDROM using VMWare again and copy the files from it to the USB stick: <code>copy D:\*.* E:\</code>.

At this point, you may want to fiddle with the splash image, as described elsewhere on ThinkWiki.

* Reboot and press F12, tell the BIOS to boot from your USB stick.

* <code>cd flash</code> ; <code>updtflsh.exe</code>

Think happy thoughts. The ThinkPad will beep quite ominously (and loudly!) a couple of times. Do not let this worry you too much. After about three minutes, the program will ask you to press enter to restart and hopefully all will be well.

= Approach 4: Alternative method to the above "alternative method" =

This is based on the above "Alternative Method" and works on my {{X60}}.

1. Download the [[BIOS_Upgrade_Downloads|BIOS Update]] iso image and the [http://www.techpowerup.com/downloads/330/mirrors.php|HP USB Stick Formatter].

2. Now get access to Windows -- be it in an emulator, or a colleague's PC. Steps 3, 4, 5 needs Windows to complete.

3. Install the HP USB Stick Formatter.

4. Go to the directory where you installed the tool: e.g. C:\DriveKey and extract HPUSBF.EXE to a new directory HPUSBF\ (using WinRAR, 7zip or similar).

5. Run the HPUSBFW.EXE utility, selecting the location of system files as C:\DriveKey\HPUSBF, and let it format the USB stick.

6. Extract the iso image to the USB stick, for example to K:\7buj22us (K: being the USB stick).

7. On the target computer, boot with the USB stick and issue the commands "cd 7buj22us" then "command.com"

This brings up the BIOS flash interface and you can update your BIOS from here.

== Comments on Approach 4 ==

<ul>
<li>
I (Martin Aulbach) followed these clear instructions and updated my X61t (from BIOS v1.08 to v1.10) without any problems and with a nice graphic splash screen. It is not necessary to let Windows format the USB stick as a MS-DOS startup disk, as outlined in Approach 3. The HP format tool will take care of this (in Step 5) and the USB stick will boot sucessfully at startup (correct boot order provided).
</li>
<li> This update to BIOS 2.14 worked on a brand-new X61s, 2008-06-27. (adsmith)
</li>
<li> This update to BIOS 2.19 worked on a X61 (76754KU), 2009-01-21. (leonardokroeger)
</ul>

= Approach 5: Free Alternative method to the above "alternative method" =

This is functionally equivalent to the above two "alternative methods", yet does not depend on MS Windows or any other proprietary software. It updates the BIOS through a bootable USB stick, and depends upon the FreeDOS, SYSLINUX, and AdvanceMAME projects. A detailed description is provided at [http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=5459421#post5459421].
''This method currently isn't redommended by the author "due to troubles reported by users (August 9th, 2008)".''

= Approach 6: Using a USB stick to upgrade BIOS on older X Series Thinkpads =

This method has been successfully applied for upgrading an {{X32}} Thinkpad. The previous BIOS version was 3.00d, and it was upgraded to 3.02 . Below are the steps:

1. Download the new BIOS and EC Diskette-type upgrades.

2. Make a DOS-bootable USB stick. See the section above for instructions on how to do this.

3. Copy the upgrade programs to the USB stick.

4. Make two zero-files (using dd), each with the size of a floppy disk.

5. Boot up the USB stick using QEMU, with the USB stick as hda, and the two floppy disk images as A: and B: .

6. Run the BIOS upgrade program, and select the first diskette as its destination. This will not actually upgrade the BIOS; it will only fill up the disk image.

7. Run the EC upgrade program, with the second diskette as target. Again, this will only fill up the disk image, not upgrade the EC.

8. Make two directories, C:\1 and C:\2 .

9. Copy the contents of the first diskette to C:\1 and the second diskette to C:\2 .

10. Exit QEMU, use the USB stick to boot the Thinkpad which BIOS we are going to upgrade.

11. cd into C:\1 and run command.com inside it. This will bring up the BIOS update interface, so update the BIOS.

12. After updating the BIOS, the machine will turn off by itself. Now boot again, with the same USB stick.

13. cd into C:\2 and run command.com inside it. This will bring up the EC update interface. Update the EC and wait for the machine to shut down completely.

14. Remove the USB stick. Now boot into the machine and go into BIOS setup. Right now you should see the new BIOS and EC version. If not, then something is wrong; make sure you have followed the above steps properly. Please also discuss this.

= Approach 7: Use syslinux to boot floppy images which are part of the CD ISO files. Done with a {{X31}} to upgrade the EC to version 1.08 and the BIOS to 3.02. =

1. Download the CD ISO files of the embedded controller and the BIOS.

2. loop mount these files, check for files like 1quj08us.img (EC) and 1quj19us.img (BIOS) and copy them to /boot/

3. Install the syslinux package and boot the two images with the help of the memdisk feature ( grub: kernel /boot/memdisk initrd /boot/{ec|bios}.img)

= Approach 8 : Use HP USB Format Utility and Win98Boot files to Create Bootable USB Stick =
(This process works for most X-series that has Windows XP, Windows Vista or Windows 7 OS)

1. There is an HP utility tool floating around the net called HP USB Boot Utility. This [http://blogs.oreilly.com/digitalmedia/2004/10/utility-to-make-usb-flash-driv.html can create a bootable USB flash drive using the boot/system files you have].

2. Get some [http://www.bay-wolf.com/utility/usbkey/win98boot.zip DOS (or similar) boot files] - I found something called "win98boot.zip" e.g.

3. Extract the (*.ima) from the ISO BIOS image (e.g. [http://www.rarsoft.com WinRAR] will do this).

4. Using a tool that can open .IMA files (such as [http://www.winimage.com/ WinImage]), extract all files to a temporary folder.

4. Run the HP tool, select the USB device, I used FAT32, create a DOS bootable disk and point at the win98boot folder - then "Start". Warning: this '''formats''' the USB flash drive and all data will be erased!

5. Once complete (you could test if it boots at this point), copy the extracted BIOS files from the temporary folder you created to the USB flash drive.

6. Boot from USB flash drive by pressing F11 within the BIOS boot logo. At the DOS command prompt, type "updflsh" and then follow the prompts by pressing "Y" or Enter. Make sure that you have a fully charged battery pack and the AC Adapter is firmly plugged before proceeding with the BIOS update.
'''DO NOT Power off the laptop or unplug the USB flash drive while the update is in progress or else update will fail and your computer will be unable to boot and system board may need to be serviced.'''

This process takes around 1-2 minutes. A long beep followed by a short beep will notify you that the update is complete and the system will automatically power off.

7. Power on the laptop then enter the BIOS setup by pressing F1 and Load BIOS defaults.

= Approach 8: Updating via "IBM Predesktop area", suitable for model X (not have CDROM and floppy) =
It's so difficult to update BIOS and ECP without cdrom, floppy disk.
Don't know the reason why I couldn't update BIOS and ECP(1QHJ08US and 1QUJ19US) for my IBM Thinkpad X31.Hmm, may be cause of the dividing partition on my hard disk, that is:
<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 1em;">
<pre><nowiki>
Primary: ext3, ext3, ntfs
Extended: Ntsf, fat32
Bootloader: GRUB
</nowiki></pre></blockquote>

No problem, you can use this way to do it:
* First, config in BIOS
In Security part:
# Remove all password of Supervisor and Power on password
# Set Access IBM Predesktop Area to Normal
# Choose Enable "Flash BIOS updating by End User" in BIOS update Option.

In Config part:
# Choose Enable for Network flash over Lan

* Second, download the newest version of BIOS update and ECP update
Running: The program extract all files to the folder. There is a .img file (1QUJ19US.IMG, 1QUJ08US.IMG) in each folder.
Copy the imformation content in that img file and paste it to one FAT partition(using winimage or TotalCmd to extract)

as seen All files in 1QUJ19US.IMG is extracted to D:\BIOS
<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 1em;">
<pre><nowiki>
695,764 $018E000.FL1
163 0691.HSH
2,049 0691.PAT
163 0694.HSH
2,049 0694.PAT
163 0695.HSH
2,049 0695.PAT
2,049 06D0.PAT
163 06D1.HSH
2,049 06D1.PAT
163 06D2.HSH
2,049 06D2.PAT
163 06D6.HSH
2,049 06D6.PAT
2,049 06D8.PAT
697 CHKBMP.EXE
8,128 COMMAND.COM
26 CONFIG.SYS
24,860 FLASH2.EXE
26 LCREFLSH.BAT
170 LOGO.BAT
330 LOGO.SCR
111,925 PHLASH16.EXE
91,648 PREPARE.EXE
45 PROD.DAT
22,252 QKFLASH.EXE
9,923 README.TXT
4,260 TPCHKS.EXE
39,666 UPDTFLSH.EXE
6,958 UPDTMN.EXE
12,501 USERINT.EXE
15,254 UTILINFO.EXE
</nowiki></pre></blockquote>

And all files in 1QUJ08US.IMG are: D:\ECP
<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 1em;">
<pre><nowiki>
315,404 $018E000.FL2
8,000 COMMAND.COM
36 CONFIG.SYS
16,910 ECFLASH2.EXE
45 PROD.DAT
17,812 QKFLASH.EXE
990 README.TXT
4,260 TPCHKS.EXE
89,738 UPDTEC.EXE
31,134 UPDTFLSH.EXE
12,501 USERINT.EXE
15,226 UTILINFO.EXE
</nowiki></pre></blockquote>

* Okie, now plug AC Adapter, charge full battery to your laptop and continue third step:

** '''Flash BIOS first,'''
1. Power On, press blue button on keyboard: '''Access IBM'''

2. On "Utilities", double click " Diagnostic disk"

3. Your laptop will start PC-DOS, wait when this message appear:
<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 1em;">
<pre><nowiki>
Please insert the first floppy diskette and
Press any key to continue
</nowiki></pre></blockquote>

4. Press Ctrl + Break, you will see :
<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 1em;"><pre><nowiki>Terminate batch job (Y/N) ?</nowiki></pre></blockquote>

5. Okie, press Y, you will get DOS prompt like D:\
{{NOTE|D:\ is my RAMDISK, C:\ is my disk format as FAT.!}}

6. Enter to c:\BIOS
<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 1em;">
<pre><nowiki>
c:
cd c:\BIOS
</nowiki></pre></blockquote>

7. Run FLASH2.EXE /u $018E000.FL1

8. Wait flash progress compelete and reboot.
** '''Flash ECP'''
Follow above instruction from step 1 to 5

6. Enter to c:\ECP
<blockquote style="background: white; border: 1px solid black; padding: 1em;">
<pre><nowiki>
c:
cd c:\ECP
</nowiki></pre></blockquote>

7. run UPDTFLSH.EXE $018E000.FL2

8. Follow UPDTFLSH's instructions

9. Wait flash complete and auto turn off computer.

I done it on my IBM Thinkpad X31.

Enjoy,

Tested by nm.

= Approach 10: Booting the Lenovo ISO image using Grub and SysLinux =

I ran this on my [[:Category:X100e|X100e]] L625 (Dual-Core) 3508-5EG.

Also worked on my [[:Category:X301|X301]] with the default ubuntu 10.10 memdisk (/usr/lib/syslinux/memdisk). My menu entry structure however looked like this (ext4 root/boot partition): --[[User:Blk|Blk]] 17:54, 25 November 2010 (UTC)
menuentry 'BIOS Upgrade' {
insmod ext2
set root='(hd0,msdos1)'
linux16 /boot/memdisk iso
initrd16 /boot/bios.iso
}
small note: the upgrade itself took about 2minutes (it beeped in the middle) and after rebooting i was probably in a reboot-loop. The system rebooted twice in a row after showing the "Press the ThinkVantage button..." blabla, so the third time i went into the bios, reset the default options (F9) and reconfigured it the way i had it before. Then it all worked.
Now to the original instructions (thanks mate!)

If you have trouble using your wifi card like this one: [[Problem_with_unauthorized_MiniPCI_network_card]], you may want to put modified bios files onto cdrom fs, but you may be unable even see file list at least at some newest bootable .iso provided by Lenovo.
* If your modified bios file(which you may easily got from corresponding Windows EXE) have same size, there is no problem at all because you can find beginning of this file at raw cd image and replace it by dd.
* Things got more complex if you have no Windows in dualboot and final bios file size differs, so you need to extract filesystem tree from .iso, put modified files here and finally get this stuff to boot.
** You may use IsoBuster in VirtualBox for extracting the beginning of FAT16 filesystem and therefore dd it by offset or try to search signature of filesystem first block directly(for x200s and 3.20 it was 0x11800) then put your modified BIOS images here, prepare bootable disk from scratch using Windows XP 'boot' floppy option or syslinux and finally boot resulting image via Grub & memdisk. It is a long and weird way but seems there was no easy paths if you`re using third-party wireless card which cannot be modified physically for some reason.

Basically, you download the iso of the cd for bios upgrade from Lenovo and let grub + syslinux emulate a cd-rom drive for you, running the software on the iso.

It's nice and feels safe, since either the iso boots from grub or it doesn't, but if it does, you are running the full OS and update software stack as provided and tested by Lenovo. If it doesn't your bios will not be affected and you will not have bricked your laptop.

* Download the latest bios upgrade from Lenovo website. I used version 1.25 ({{path|6xuj08uc.iso}})
* Get your hands on memdisk of syslinux. I had to compile a recent version, because my memdisk version that came with Ubuntu did not work correctly.
* To compile a recent version of syslinux (I used 3.86):
** Download the sources from http://syslinux.zytor.com/wiki/index.php/ISOLINUX (Download link in my case: http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/boot/syslinux/syslinux-3.86.tar.bz2),
** Extract the sources and issue {{cmduser|make}} in the root directory of the source.
** Once compiled, the memdisk file you need will be in {{path|syslinux-3.86/memdisk/memdisk}}
* Copy the memdisk file of syslinux to {{path|/boot/memdisk}}
* Update the grub config file: add the code snippet below to the end of the file {{path|/boot/grub/grub.cfg}}. (on Ubuntu, add it to the file {{path|/etc/grub.d/40_custom}} instead, and do a {{cmduser|sudo update-grub}} afterwards).
menuentry "Thinkpad x100e BIOS Upgrade to 1.25" {
set root='(hd0,1)' # This line should match the other menuentries in your grub.cfg
linux16 /boot/memdisk iso
initrd16 /boot/6xuj08uc.iso # Make sure this is the correct filename (a different version will have a different filename)
}
* Now reboot, press and hold shift right after the Thinkpad logo disappears and you should see an option in the grub boot menu to boot the bios upgrade cd.
* Select that option and press enter, the Lenovo bios update software should boot, and you'll get a text-menu interface.
** If you just see text on a black background and your Thinkpad no longer responds, your booting failed. At this point you are not updating the bios, so you can safely reboot using the power on/off button, recheck your config and find out what you did wrong.
* If it does boot, follow the directions carefully:
** Make absolutely sure you have power attached and a well loaded battery just in case
** The process takes around a minute
** When it asks to remove the cd and press enter to reboot, just press enter.
** You should then reboot having and updated bios.

= Approach 10A: Booting an ISO image using Grub and Syslinux for X61 =

The Lenovo ISO images for X61 (and T61) can be booted using Grub as described above, but they don't work as they are intended to be used from a cdrom drive.

Fortunately you can adapt an ISO image from a more recent model, such as the X201.
The following instructions rely on the X201 BIOS Update Bootable CD for version 1.34, filename '''6quj11uc.iso'''.
Other versions may or may not work.

Save this script as '''convert-iso.sh'''

#!/bin/bash

X201=$1 # X201 iso to use
X61=$2 # X61 update
OUT=$3 # output filename

ISO=`mktemp`
SRC=`mktemp -d`
DST=`mktemp -d`

cp $X201 $ISO

# discovered using geteltorito, to get the offset of the disk image
# and fdisk, to get the offset of the partition inside the disk image
OFFSET=71680

mount $ISO $DST -o rw,loop,offset=$OFFSET

# create a ramdisk big enough for the flash files
cat <<EOF | sed 's/$/\r/' > $DST/CONFIG.SYS
FILES=30
BUFFERS=10
DEVICE=C:\HIMEM.SYS /NUMHANDLES=120
DEVICEHIGH=C:\ramdrive.sys /E 30720
DOS=HIGH,UMB
STACKS=9,256
EOF

# copy the flash files to the ramdisk
# if not, the update will simply hang because the files cannot be accessed
#
# remove the command.com line if you need a shell
cat <<EOF | sed 's/$/\r/' > $DST/AUTOEXEC.BAT
copy FLASH\*.* d:
d:
command.com
EOF

rm -r $DST/FLASH/*
mount $X61 $SRC -r -o loop
cp $SRC/* $DST/FLASH

umount $SRC $DST
rmdir $SRC $DST

mv $ISO $OUT
echo "Done: $OUT created."

Then run the script against the X201 bios ISO and the X61 one (in this example, version 2.22, filename '''7nuj22uc.iso''').

{{cmdroot|./convert-iso.sh 6quj11uc.iso 7nuj22uc.iso X61.iso}}.

In theory this should create a file called '''X61.iso''' that can be booted using Grub and Syslinux, and which will successfully update the BIOS.

= Approach 11: Extracting image and imaging it to USB stick =

http://youtu.be/mEcASjftccE

$ geteltorito.pl -o bios.img ~/Downloads/8duj25us.iso

$ sudo dd if=bios.img of=/dev/usbthumdrive bs=512K

Category:X220

2011-11-16T20:07:46Z

Hendry: /* Notes */

__NOTOC__

{| width="100%"
|style="vertical-align:top" |
<div style="margin: 0; margin-right:10px; border: 1px solid #dfdfdf; padding: 0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#F8F8FF; align:right;">
=== ThinkPad X220 ===
This page gives an overview of all ThinkPad X220 related topics.

==== Machine Type ====
* 4287, 4290, 4291

==== Features ====
*One of the following [[Intel Core i5]] or [[Intel Core i7]] processors:
** Intel® Core™ i5-2410M (2.3GHz, 3MB L3 cache)
** Intel® Core™ i5-2520M (2.5GHz, 3MB L3 cache)
** Intel® Core™ i5-2540M (2.6GHz, 3MB L3 cache)
** Intel® Core™ i7-2620M (2.7GHz, 4MB L3 cache)
* [[Intel Mobile QM67 Express Chipset]]
* Up to 8GB [[PC3-10600]] DDR3 memory at 1333MHz
* [[Intel HD Graphics]] 3000
* One of the following [[TFT display|TFT displays]]:
** 12.5" TFT display with 1366x768 resolution with LED backlight
** 12.5" extra bright wide-viewing IPS TFT display with 1366x768 resolution with LED backlight
* 2.5" × [[7mm hard drive bay]] with one of the following hard drives:
** 4GB SSD SATA
** Intel 80GB Micro SSD SATA
** 128GB SSD SATA
** Intel 160GB SSD SATA
** 160GB 7200RPM SATA
** 250GB 5400RPM SATA
** 250GB 7200RPM SATA (with limited OPAL FDE technology)
** 320GB 5400RPM SATA
** 320GB 7200RPM SATA
* [[MiniPCI Express slot]] 1 with zero or one of the following:
** [[Intel Centrino Wireless-N 1000]]
** [[Intel Centrino Ultimate-N 6300]]
** [[Intel Centrino Advanced-N 6205]]
** [[Intel Centrino Advanced-N + WiMAX 6250]]
** [[ThinkPad 11b/g/n Wireless LAN Mini-PCI Express Adapter II]]
* [[MiniPCI Express slot]] 2 with zero or one of the following:
** [[Qualcomm Gobi 3000]] WWAN
** [[LeadCore TD-SCDMA (LC5730D)]] WWAN
** [[Ericsson HSPA + (F5521gw)]] WWAN
** [[Huawei EV-DO (EM660)]] WWAN
* [[Intel Gigabit Ethernet PCI-Express Controller]]
* [[ThinkPad Bluetooth Daughter Card with Enhanced Data Rate (BDC-2)|ThinkPad Bluetooth Daughter Card with Enhanced Data Rate (BDC-2.1)]]
* [[ExpressCard slot|ExpressCard/54 slot]]
* [[SD Card slot]]
* Three USB ports (of which one is [[USB 3.0]] on the i7 model)
* 720p HD [[Integrated camera]]
* Stereo digital microphones
* Stereo speakers
* Combined headphone and microphone jack
* [[UltraNav]] ([[Trackpoint]] and [[Buttonless Touchpad]])
* [[Integrated Fingerprint Reader]] (UPEK)
* Comes with 65W AC Adapter
* Supports [[ThinkPad UltraBase Series 3]], [[ThinkPad Mini Dock Series 3]], etc.
</div>
|style="vertical-align:top" |
[[Image:ThinkPadX220.png|ThinkPad X220|300px]]
|}

=== Resources ===
* [http://shop.lenovo.com/ISS_Static/ww/wci/us/ww/pdf/x220_datasheet.pdf Datasheet]

[[Category:X Series]]

=== Notes ===
* The CPU speed will be throttled back to 800MHz if the machine is run on the 65W AC adapter with no battery installed. To avoid this throttling
** run on a 90W AC adapter, or
** install a battery pack.
* It's possible to use a [[7mm_hard_drive_bay#mSata_SSD| mSATA SSD within the second MiniPCI Express slot]].
* On booting:
**The X220 cannot/will not boot GPT disks using Legacy BIOS, you must setup UEFI.
**The X220 will not boot /efi/*/*.efi unless "signed"(?) into BIOS, you have to copy it to /efi/boot/bootx64.efi.
**Disabling the BIOS setting "USB UEFI BIOS Support" disables *all* USB booting, ie, both UEFI and legacy BIOS.

7mm hard drive bay

2011-11-10T21:32:09Z

Hendry: /* mSata SSD */

{| width="100%"
|style="vertical-align:top;padding-right:20px;width:10px;white-space:nowrap;" | __TOC__
|style="vertical-align:top" |
Most drives are currently 9.5mm high. Some new Thinkpads come with 7mm drive bays.

There are [http://www.google.co.uk/search?q=7mm+x220&hl=en&prmd=imvnsfd&source=lnms&tbm=dsc&ei=6iGgTui4LZCe-Qai66GiBQ&sa=X&oi=mode_link&ct=mode&cd=7&ved=0CBwQ_AUoBg&biw=1032&bih=1328 many discussions around the internet] regarding this, here is a short summary:
|}

== Specific drives ==

=== Compatible drives ===

==== 7mm HDD ====

* Hitatch Travelstar series that begin with model code "Z". This includes Z7K320, Z5K500, and Z5K320
* Momentus Thin Hard Drives | Seagate

==== 7mm SSD ====

* Micron/Crucial C400 series with "AK" in the model number (see below)
:note that Micron is Crucial's parent company. Micron manufacturers the "C" series while Crucial manufactures the "M" series. Reportedly, only the C series is compatible with the x220.

==== Modifiable 9.5mm SSD ====

* Micron/Crucial C300 with the spacer mod. See X220 SSD 7mm Mod (Crucial C300)
* Micron/Crucial C400/M4 with spacer mod. (still waiting on confirmation)
:Not all C400 models require a mod. "AK" = 7mm and "AC" = 9mm. Ex) MTFDDAK256MAM-1K1 = 7mm, and MTFDDAC256MAM-1K1 = 9mm. C4 Product Brief
*Intel X-25M with the spacer mod
*Intel 320 series with the spacer mod. ''Please note that the four screws that hold both the spacer and the top cover cannot be reused to hold just the top cover in place, since they are too long and stick out. I chose to just put the cover back on without any screws. I figured that the cover wouldn't be able to fall off since there's so little space in the drive bay. Additionally, the rubber sides seem to hold the cover in place.''
*Kingston/Intel X25-E

==== mSata SSD ====

[[File:Msata install.jpg|200px|thumb|left|mSata install of a OCZ Nocti into a X220]]

* Intel 310 series
* MyDigialSSD (waiting confirmation, relatively unknown brand)
* Renice X3 (SF1222) mSATA SSD User Review
* OCZ Nocti

=== Incompatible drives ===

* Intel 510 SSD series

* Vertex 2 and 3 SSD series

* Kingston V100 series

== Case Mod ==

Some people have also sanded off the protruding parts of the case which stop you inserting a 9.5mm drive without the caddy.

== Drive Mod ==

The moddable drives listed above tend to have a spacer which can be removed with ease and a top which can be replaced using shorter (M2) screws. Drives without the removable spacer can always be removed entirely from their shell and bodged in place.

== Models Featuring a 7mm Drive Bay ==

* {{X1}}? {{X220}} {{X220_Tablet}}
* {{W520}}
* {{T420}}

File:Msata install.jpg

2011-11-10T21:30:37Z

Hendry: Picture of an msata SSD being installed into a X220

Picture of an msata SSD being installed into a X220

Installing Archlinux on a ThinkPad X220

2011-11-10T21:22:39Z

Hendry:

[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Lenovo_ThinkPad_X220 Archlinux wiki page on the X220]
[[Category:X Series]]
[[Category:X220]]

Installing Archlinux on a ThinkPad X220

2011-11-10T21:21:22Z

Hendry: â†Created page with '[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Lenovo_ThinkPad_X220 Archlinux wiki page on the X220]'

[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Lenovo_ThinkPad_X220 Archlinux wiki page on the X220]

Talk:CompactFlash boot drive

2008-08-04T21:28:37Z

Hendry:

Just finished tidying up the first few parts a bit... Certainly needs further editing... Some of the information and statements need to be generalized and should have less emotional and personal sentiment... (2008-07-13)

misc notes...

* SanDisk has industrial CF cards that can be ordered as fixed disk, but they are expensive!
* [http://www.pretec.com/ Pretec 333X] looks interesting (50MB/s read, 40MB/s write), but it seems that the SanDisk Extreme IV, SanDisk Ducati Edition and Lexar 300X all outperform it in real world tests. They are available though up to 24GB, if you can afford it ($800)
* [http://www.stec-inc.com/interface/cf.php STEC Mach4 CF] looks very interesting (90MB/s read, 55MB/s write) with 16 and 32GB, but no price, or any way of ordering any of their products indicated, and no independent speed tests to confirm claims (it looks like they are pure OEM only).

Most ThinkPads such as the T40, T41, T42 and X40 have Intel IDE controllers, which are limited to UltraDMA Mode 6 (= UltraDMA/100). The SATA to IDE bridge chip in the ThinkPad T43 and X41 is limited in the same way to UltraDMA Mode 6.
UltraDMA Mode 6 means that the transfer speed is limited to 100MB/s, which is the equivalent of a 666X speed CF card (100 / 0.15), although in practice a slightly slower card will probably already max out the interface due to protocol overhead.

= Pictures =

Please upload them if you don't want to link to Flickr. They are freely licensed.

* [http://www.flickr.com/photos/hendry/2614028728 With USB adaptor]
* [http://www.flickr.com/photos/hendry/2613258603 In dock]

= Cons =

I used to be able to boot from an external USB drive. However after installing the CF drive, I'm unable to find such options in F12. [[User:Hendry|Hendry]] 23:28, 4 August 2008 (CEST)

Category talk:X61

2008-07-18T14:15:50Z

Hendry: â†Created page with 'Is there a space for user pages? e.g. * http://wiki.webvm.net/hardware/x61/'

Is there a space for user pages? e.g.
* http://wiki.webvm.net/hardware/x61/

Talk:CompactFlash boot drive

2008-06-27T09:14:24Z

Hendry: added some porn

misc notes...

* SanDisk has industrial CF cards that can be ordered as fixed disk, but they are expensive!
* [http://www.pretec.com/ Pretec 333X] looks interesting (50MB/s read, 40MB/s write), but it seems that the SanDisk Extreme IV, SanDisk Ducati Edition and Lexar 300X all outperform it in real world tests. They are available though up to 24GB, if you can afford it ($800)
* [http://www.stec-inc.com/interface/cf.php STEC Mach4 CF] looks very interesting (90MB/s read, 55MB/s write) with 16 and 32GB, but no price, or any way of ordering any of their products indicated, and no independent speed tests to confirm claims (it looks like they are pure OEM only).

Most ThinkPads such as the T40, T41, T42 and X40 have Intel IDE controllers, which are limited to UltraDMA Mode 6 (= UltraDMA/100). The SATA to IDE bridge chip in the ThinkPad T43 and X41 is limited in the same way to UltraDMA Mode 6.
UltraDMA Mode 6 means that the transfer speed is limited to 100MB/s, which is the equivalent of a 666X speed CF card (100 / 0.15), although in practice a slightly slower card will probably already max out the interface due to protocol overhead.

= Pictures =

Please upload them if you don't want to link to Flickr. They are freely licensed.

* [http://www.flickr.com/photos/hendry/2614028728 With USB adaptor]
* [http://www.flickr.com/photos/hendry/2613258603 In dock]

Talk:CompactFlash boot drive

2008-06-24T20:00:00Z

Hendry:

misc notes...

* SanDisk has industrial CF cards that can be ordered as fixed disk, but they are expensive!
* [http://www.pretec.com/ Pretec 333X] looks interesting (50MB/s read, 40MB/s write), but it seems that the SanDisk Extreme IV, SanDisk Ducati Edition and Lexar 300X all outperform it in real world tests. They are available though up to 24GB, if you can afford it ($800)
* [http://www.stec-inc.com/interface/cf.php STEC Mach4 CF] looks very interesting (90MB/s read, 55MB/s write) with 16 and 32GB, but no price, or any way of ordering any of their products indicated, and no independent speed tests to confirm claims (it looks like they are pure OEM only).

Most ThinkPads such as the T40, T41, T42 and X40 have Intel IDE controllers, which are limited to UltraDMA Mode 6 (= UltraDMA/100). The SATA to IDE bridge chip in the ThinkPad T43 and X41 is limited in the same way to UltraDMA Mode 6.
UltraDMA Mode 6 means that the transfer speed is limited to 100MB/s, which is the equivalent of a 666X speed CF card (100 / 0.15), although in practice a slightly slower card will probably already max out the interface due to protocol overhead.

Anyone have tips for mounting the adaptor in the Thinkpad? My approach seems to involve that old flimsy TravelStar casing, glue and some perseverance. [[User:Hendry|Hendry]] 22:00, 24 June 2008 (CEST)

Links

2008-03-24T18:22:28Z

Hendry: removed dead gallery link and added link to Flickr thinkpad tag

Collection of useful Links pointing to ThinkPad specific information:

==General ThinkPad sites==
* [http://www.tuxmobil.org/ibm.html TuxMobil.org IBM ThinkPad installation guides]
* [http://www5.pc.ibm.com/europe/me.nsf/webdocs-l/e-content:downloadable+3d+visual+tours:english?OpenDocument&cntry=DE-L Lenovo ThinkPad 3D visual tour downloads] -- Fails as of 25 May 2007
* [http://www.ibmmania.com/index.htm IBM Mania] (Korean)

==Forums==
* [http://forum.thinkpads.com/ thinkpads.com Forum]
* [http://www.thinkpad-forum.de/ ThinkPad-Forum] (German)
* [http://www.notebook-foren.de/board/forumdisplay.php?f=67 Notebook-Forum.de/IBM] (German)

==Galleries==
* [http://www.flickr.com/photos/tags/thinkpad/clusters/ Thinkpad tagged on Flickr]

==Service sites==
* [http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?lndocid=SITE-WARNTY#hp ThinkPad Warranty page] Check your warranty status online, and/or purchase extended warranty service.

==Shopping sites==
* [http://www.thinkpad-parts.com/ ThinkPad Parts]
* [http://www.pdaaccessories.com/laptop-accessories.asp Laptop Accessories] PDAaccessories.com contains an extensive assortment of products like laptop accessories and PDA Accessories.

==Community sites==
* http://www.pc.ibm.com/ca/thinkpad/community/legends/

==Other sites==
* [http://lenovoblogs.com/insidethebox Inside The Box] - a blog on ThinkPad engineering by Lenovo
* [http://www.senthoor.com/weblog/2005/01/ibm-thinkpad_110694025174114747.html ThinkPad indepth look] All you want to know about ThinkPad design
* [http://www.laptoping.com/category/lenovo-thinkpad/ ThinkPad Notebook News] Lenovo Thinkpad Laptop News - Daily Updated.

Installation instructions for the ThinkPad X61

2008-02-18T12:35:10Z

Hendry:

There are informative Ubuntu forum threads on [http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=503233 Feisty] and [http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=523022 Gutsy] for the X61.

A very detailed report on the X61 under Ubuntu Gutsy Gibbon is [https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LaptopTestingTeam/ThinkpadX61 here]. The report was written describing Tribe 5, the last prerelease, but describes the release version of Gutsy Gibbon equally well.

* [http://slackwiki.org/ThinkPad_X61s Slackware installation instructions]
* [http://wiki.webvm.net/x61 Debian Lenny installation notes]

=== X61 won't boot from the CD-ROM/DVD drive (Solved) ===

Follow these instructions to enable your [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_drive optical drive]:

# Reboot your X61. Press the ThinkVantage button quickly when you see the ThinkPad screen and then press F1 to enter [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS BIOS].
# In BIOS, select Configure -> Serial ATA.
# Now, select Compatibility instead of AHCI.
# Exit BIOS and start your computer normally.

=== Suspend/Resume doesn't work out of the box (Solved) ===

Under GNOME, you may find that Suspend/Resume doesn't work out of the box. Fn-F4 does suspend and lid open does resume, but the backlight is off after resume.

To fix this, do the following:

# In the file /boot/grub/menu.lst, find the line beginning with "# kopt=". This is where grub sets the options for your kernel. Append to this line the following: " acpi_sleep=s3_bios". (That is, these words should be preceded by a space separating them from the existing options. Do not remove the initial "#" from the line.)

# Run the command '''update-grub''' as root.

This fix '''is''' needed under Ubuntu 7.04 (Feisty Fawn), but '''is not''' needed under Gutsy Gibbon Tribe 5 or the final release version. It seems likely the difference is due to the GNOME upgrade.

=== Sound doesn't work (Solved) ===

Sound won't work under the stock ALSA 1.0.14 shipped with Ubuntu Feisty Fawn, but will in later versions including the patched 1.0.14 shipped with Ubuntu Gutsy Gibbon.

Your speakers default to being muted. To fix this, run alsamixer in a terminal window; right-arrow over until the Speaker column is visible, and press the "m" key to toggle it from mute ("MM") to on ("OO").

You may have to go to System->Preferences->Sound->Devices and select PCM to enable your Volume button to work.

The mute button always mutes rather than toggling; you have to undo it by hitting the volume-up button.

=== Known Issues under Ubuntu Feisty Fawn 7.04 and Gutsy Gibbon Beta (Tribe 5) ===

# Sound doesn't work under Feisty, but '''does''' under Gutsy Tribe 5 and Gutsy Final.
# Wireless doesn't work under Feisty, but '''does''' under Gutsy Tribe 5 and Gutsy Final.
# 2D graphics works fine, but there is no 3D acceleration yet.
# Fingerprint reader doesn't work yet.

=== Other Notes ===

The stock drive in the X61 of October 2007 appears not to have the [[Problem_with_hard_drive_clicking|click-of-death]] issue noted on some other ThinkPads. Note, this could potentially change if Lenovo changes drive suppliers.

The X61 is apparently very similar to a T61 internally. You may be able to find helpful tips in the
installation instructions for the [[Installation_instructions_for_the_ThinkPad_T61|Installation instructions for the Thinkpad T61]] for problems that are not solved here.

[[Category:X61]]

Talk:AD1984

2008-01-09T20:50:55Z

Hendry: mic query

Has anyone had problems capturing microphone input?

http://wiki.webvm.net/x61/#index10h2 [[User:Hendry|Hendry]] 21:50, 9 January 2008 (CET)

Problem with fan noise

2007-12-18T16:15:49Z

Hendry: /* Always-on problem: */

Information about the fan noise problem in Thinkpad models from 2003/2004/2005.

==Problem description==

There seem to be two different issues causing annoyance from fan noise:

===Acceleration (pulsing) problem===
The Thinkpad fan briefly accelerates in regular intervals (every few seconds), causing an annoying periodic pulse noise.

See [http://lophiomys.gmxhome.de/Thinkpad_R50_Periodic_Fan_Noise.html here] for audio recordings of this noise on ThinkPad {{R50}} and {{R51}}.

===Always-on problem===
The fan is always on, even when the laptop is rather cool.

==Affected Models==

===Acceleration (pulsing) problem:===
*ThinkPad {{600E}}
*ThinkPad {{R40}}
*ThinkPad {{T40}}, {{T40p}}, {{T41}}, {{T42}}, {{T43}}
*ThinkPad {{X31}}, {{X60}}

===Always-on problem:===
*ThinkPad {{600X}}
*ThinkPad {{770X}}
*ThinkPad {{A31p}}
*ThinkPad {{R32}}, {{R50}}, {{R50p}}, {{R51}}, {{R52}}
*ThinkPad {{T40}}, {{T40p}}, {{T41}}, {{T41p}}, {{T42}}, {{T42p}}, {{T43}}, {{T43p}}, {{T60}}
*ThinkPad {{X32}}, {{X40}}, {{X41}}, {{X60}}, {{X61}}
*ThinkPad {{Z60m}}
*ThinkPad {{Z61m}}

==Affected Operating Systems==

===Acceleration (pulsing) problem:===
*All operating systems (this is a firmware bug). Note that some vendors might ship with fan-control workarounds enabled by default.

===Always-on problem:===
*Linux, all flavours
*FreeBSD 5.3
*OpenBSD 3.7 (Tested with X40)
*Windows XP
*Windows 2000 pro

==Status==

===Acceleration (pulsing) problem:===
The pulsing is triggered by the embedded controller when it monitors the fan speed and adjusts the fan control accordingly every few seconds.

For some models, IBM released an update to the embedded controller program that seems to at least partially solve this problem:

Version 3.03 - 1RHT70WW
NOTE: This version of Embedded Controller Program will only work with BIOS Version 3.06f (or higher).
* (Fix) Reduced Fan noise in some models.

The update can be found here: http://www-306.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?lndocid=MIGR-50279

Unfortunately, this update was not correctly ported to the Thinkpad {{T43}} and {{R52}} firmware: someone made a careless typo which generally results in no improvement in behaviour: the fan may continue to pulse every ~4.8s, and for some it may accelerate a great deal every 30 seconds or so, making a lot of noise. An unofficial patched firmware exists in source code format (see below).

For models which still have broken firmware (e.g., ThinkPad {{T43}} with official firmware), there is a software workaround (see below).

===Always-on problem:===
The problem is yet unsolved. But see the partial fix below.

IBM made a statement regarding this on their homepage:
http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?sitestyle=lenovo&lndocid=MIGR-56504

==Solutions==

===Acceleration problem:===

====Replacing the fan====
Some people reported that they replaced the original fan against one of a similar notebook without the problem has worked for them, i.e. changing a {{T41}}s fan against one from a {{T41p}}.

====BIOS upgrade====
For relevant models, you can try upgrading your embedded controller program to version 3.03 or newer.
The update can be found here: http://www-306.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?lndocid=MIGR-50279

Also, in late November 2005 IBM released a BIOS and embedded controller update (BIOS 1.24, EC 1.04) for the T43/p
(Machine types 2668, 2669, 2678, 2679, 2686, 2687). Reported results are not consistent and range from cooler sensor readings (some sensors seem to report lower temperatures with this patch), less fan pulsing (also only reported by some users), and slightly different fan behaviour.
The link to this update is: http://www-306.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?sitestyle=ibm&lndocid=MIGR-58597#bios

====Fixing the firmware====
For T43/R52 firmwares 1YHT29WW and 70HT28WW, a fix is available and known to work, but it is not easy to deploy. You have to know enough to modify the firmware yourself. The fix is in the firmware source code (but disabled by default), see [[Embedded Controller Firmware]] for some information to get you started. If you are not at ease programming microcontrollers, please stick to the software workarounds, there's a reason this fix is not just an easy download away.

====Software workaround====
The problem can be solved through appropriate modulation of the embedded controller, using an [[ACPI fan control script#Variable speed control scripts|ACPI fan control script]].

===Always on problem:===

====Reducing power consumption====
Generally, this problem is triggered by heating due to high power consumption. See [[How to reduce power consumption]].

It seems like for some people a combination of enabling dynamic frequency scaling and using the most recent radeon drivers (from xorg 6.8.x) with the DynamicClocks option enabled helped lowing the fan rotation and hence making it more quiet.

Also the fglrx driver from ATI is said to show the same effect when used together with dynamic frequency scaling.

I can confirm that on my R51, the graphics card seems to be the problem. The fan keeps running most of the time even with AC on, but even though I activated DynamicClocks (with the radeon driver), I can see in /proc/acpi/ibm/thermal that the GPU (4th value) is at 52-53Â°. The fan stops running as soon as the temperature gets down to 50 degrees and starts again at 53. While debugging, I seemed(!) to be able to reduce the temperature together with the resolution (e.g. "xrandr -s 2" to get from 1400x1050 to 1024x768) or by switching off the graphics with "xset dpms force off". The bottom line is that the below "partial fix" won't work because the GPU temperature is the problem.

The GPU also seems to be the culprit on the t43p. Even with the fan always on (with speeds of around 4K reported in /proc/acpi/ibm/fan), the temperature never drops below 55. This is with the Xorg driver and DynamicClocks=on. With the ATI's fglrx driver, the GPU temp seems slightly higher (although I haven't performed a careful comparison). Without the fan, the temperature very quickly climbs to above 60.

With the Pentium M, CPU heat dissipation can be reduced through [[Pentium M undervolting and underclocking|undervolting and underclocking]].

In regard to the technical side of controlling the fan, see [[How to control fan speed]] for a description of the embedded controller byte at offset 0x2F which controls the fan activity (T4X series and other later models). In addition to these in the discussion to this topic [http://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/Talk:Problem_with_fan_noise] a user observed hidden temperature sensors. In the ACPI DSDT dump a {{T43}} reports 8 temp values at offset 0x78 (some of which may be off and yield a constant value of 0x80), but there are at least three more values at offset 0xC0 which from observation seem to show temperatures as well. One of these sensors (0xC1) is most likely in the area of the mini PCI slot (related to WLAN activity) and seem to trigger the fan at 43Â°C ({{T43}}, Windows XP). Another one (0xC2) seems to be located below the power supply (rear left, in the area under the Esc, F1-F3 keys). This one noticeably increases when the battery is charged. Both, the 0xC1 and 0xC2 react quite slowly to fan activity.

For more information about the thermal sensors that are monitored to decide the fan speed, see [[Thermal sensors]].

{{NOTE|Unplugging AC and plugging it back may cause the EC to reset the fan control loop, and thus it may cause it to switch off the fan if the ThinkPad is cool enough already, and the fan was activated just due to the built-in hysteresis in the fan control loop.}}

====Software solution - Windows====
{{WARN|This circumvents the BIOS fan control, so be careful and use at your own risk! Don't toast your ThinkPad.}}

The ThinkPad Fan Control Utility (http://sourceforge.net/projects/tp4xfancontrol/) actively monitors the CPU Temperature and uses ACPI to manually control the fan speed. It was written for the T43, but works on a number of other models as well. A port of this programme running as a Windows service is available from http://www.cceye.com/index.php?topic=73.0 (download: http://www.cceye.com/index.php?action=dlattach;topic=73.0;id=9 ). Extensive discussion of this utility is available at http://forum.thinkpads.com/viewtopic.php?t=17715

The version which runs as a Windows service is recommended because the system will restart it if the programme crashes. A crash of either programme could leave your computer without any active cooling, leading to overheating and potentially serious damage.

ref links
http://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/Problem_with_fan_noise
http://forum.thinkpads.com/viewtopic.php?t=17715

Note:
1 The Windows Event log will fill up with repeated errors regarding the Embedded Controller: please clean your event log regularly.
2 The programme may crash from time to time, but the service version should restart after a crash.

====Software solution - Linux====

See [[How to control fan speed]] and [[Fan control scripts]].

{{WARN|This circumvents the BIOS fan control, so be careful and use at your own risk! Don't toast your ThinkPad.}}

I had this problem on my X24 by using a stock Debian Etch kernel. I solved it by compiling an unpatched kernel myself and leaving the fan module out. But I guess the fan module wasn't responsible for, because the fan started to run before modules were loaded.

====Cleaning the fan or removing obstructions====

If your ThinkPad is old or has been exposed to dusty environment, it is possible that accumulated dirt on the fan and the heatsink cause abnormal behavior (though the problems have also been reported for brand new units). You can use a combination of a vacuum cleaner and an air dusting spray to clean things up from the outside. Bigger agglomerations of dust may require removing by tweezers through the openings in the fan grill. Getting to the fan itself from the inside is quite tricky and may require removing the keyboard or LCD - see [[Maintenance#Cleaning_the_Interior|Cleaning the Interior]].

If the fan is especially noisy, there may be some obstruction other than dirt in the way. For instance, in some ThinkPad models, a wire that is not properly taped down can become draped over the CPU fan, slowing down fan rotation and emitting a loud buzzing sound. Moving such an obstruction out of the way can greatly decrease fan noise.

After you clean things up, power on your ThinkPad. You should hear the fan start up for a bit when booting. If it does not, this means that the cleaning procedure has actually blocked the fan and your computer will overheat at some point (BIOS POST test does not appear to catch obstructed fans). Keep cleaning.

If cleaning does not fix the problem, the fan can be replaced as described in your laptop's appropriate Hardware Maintenace Manual: select your laptop at the [[Models#Available Models|Models Page]] and follow the links. All that is generally required is some screwdrivers and heat sink thermal grease. Do NOT attempt to install without the silicon grease.

If you feel comfortable using a soldering iron, you are more than qualified to do the procedure. Just remember do NOT force anything, at several steps there are tiny plastic "tabs" that can break off necessiting a more expensive bezel / keyboard / GPU replacement.

====Hardware modification====
An extensive forum discussion of this problem for the ThinkPad {{T43}}/{{T43p}}, and possible hardware mods for thermal enhancement, appear [http://forum.thinkpads.com/viewtopic.php?t=14580http://forum.thinkpads.com/viewtopic.php?t=14580 here]. There users who had opened the machine reported uncooled Northbridge and Southbrige chips, having no physical connecting to the heat pipe. Building a hardware copper bridge to these changed the temperature characteristics but did not cure the "always on" problem. In another discussion on that forum a user said that among other areas the WLAN chip may be responsible for generating extra heat and that disabling WLAN (among other unused devices) may help. See also [[how to build a T43 southbridge cooler]].

Buyers Guide

2007-11-06T23:22:57Z

Hendry: /* Long-time Weaknesses of certain models */

{| width="100%"
|style="vertical-align:top;padding-right:20px;width:10px;white-space:nowrap;" | __TOC__
|style="vertical-align:top" |
This page is dedicated to hints about buying used or new ThinkPad models. You can find notes about typical weaknesses of used ThinkPads here and other things you should care about when choosing a ThinkPad and where to buy it.
|}
==Build it yourself and save money==
Lenovo offers more flexibility than any other major manufacturer of laptop computers, at least that I know of. Their "configure-to-order" (CTO) offerings let you build the computer you want, without paying for anything you don't want. The basic CTO includes the mainboard and CPU, but no RAM, disk, mini-PCI cards, software, or other add-ons. You can even get a laptop in a CTO configuration.

I built my {{X32}} notebook with 1GB RAM, 60GB 5400RPM hard drive, USB DVD-ROM CD-RW drive, and 802.11a/b/g mini-PCI for a grand total of US$1,206, including tax and shipping.

Start with the complete list of [https://www-03.ibm.com/lenovo/shop/personalpages/public/public/products/dsp_product_list.cfm products]. Look for items that end with "CTO" or "Custom." Choose the chassis you want. Then add whatever [http://www-132.ibm.com/content/home/store_IBMPublicUSA/en_US/Upgrades.html upgrades] you need that only Lenovo offers (such as WiFi). Fill in the rest of the components from other, less expensive vendors.

Update: you cant do this nowadays. They will not sell you a CTO barebone. At least you cant do it online. You might have to 'con' a sales agent.

Response to update: I did not need to con anyone. I just ordered the CTO chassis and the parts I needed from their website. I placed the order on August 18, 2005 and received all the shipments by August 26, 2005.

Comment from visitor: [https://www-03.ibm.com/lenovo/shop/personalpages/public/public/products/dsp_feature_product.cfm?display=main&cat_id=24 Try this page]. You can at least get a Z60 with the titanium cover in a more stripped down model than is otherwise available.

==Various deals==

Special prices: You can get a laptop from Lenovo for special price if you are a student, alumni, researcher
or something like that. You need to go to education -> computers for home -> students (or such), and
now click on "My Account" to create a new account. Perhaps there is another way, but you must end up with a student
account. Then you get around 5% off the web price.

You can also buy a Lenovo thinkpad pre-configured with Linux from [http://www.linuxcertified.com/linux-laptop-lctp60.html here]

The [https://www.directlenovo.com/public/ Lenovo USA sales web site] offers some attractive deals in its [http://www.directlenovo.com/public/public/search/dsp_product_features.cfm?category=9953&featured_display=Template surplus outlet].

IBM sells [http://www-132.ibm.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/CategoryDisplay?storeId=1&catalogId=-840&langId=-1&categoryId=2576396 refurbished ThinkPads].

== Special deals for certain customer groups ==
IBM makes huge discounts to students and teachers:
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" style="text-align:left;"
! country !! shops & target groups
|-
| Austria ||
* [http://www.studentline.at/ Studentline.at] (students, university staff, pupils and teachers)
* [http://www.notebook4u.at/ notebook4u.at] (students, university staff, pupils and teachers)
* [http://www.abax.at/academic/ ABAX] (students, university staff, pupils and teachers)
* [http://www.bostelmann.com/ Computer Bostelmann] (students, university staff, pupils and teachers)
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| France ||
*[http://www.ibm.com/easyaccess/education IBM education homepage]
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Germany ||
*[http://www.notebooksbilliger.de notebooksbilliger.de] (pupils, students)
*[http://www.lapstars.de lapstars.de] (students, university staff, pupils and teachers)
*[http://www.ok1.de ok1] (students, university staff, pupils and teachers)
*[http://www.campusrabatt.de/index.php ADD Datensysteme: CampusRabatt] (students, university staff, pupils and teachers)
*[http://www.pro-com.org pro-com Datensysteme]:
**[http://www.pro-com.org/b2b pro-com b2b] (businesses)
**[http://www.nofost.de/ NOFOST] (students & university staff)
**[http://www.no4ed.de/ NOFOED] (pupils & teachers)
**[http://www.nofoch.de/ NOFOCH] (clinics and medical institutions and their staff)
**[http://www.pro-com.org/lf pro-com luf] (universities, schools & other educational and research institutes)
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Switzerland ||
*[http://www.rabais-etudiant.ch/ Rabais-Etudiant] (students, teachers, schools)
*[http://www.studentenrabatt.ch/ Studentenrabatt] (students, teachers, schools)
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| United States ||
* [http://www.pc.ibm.com/us/education/ Education] (K-12 and Higher Education)
* [http://www.dealmine.com/search_by_product.php?s=thinkpad Comparison shop] at DealMine.com to find Thinkpad and membership discounts [http://www.dealmine.com/deals_from/Union_Plus/23 AFL-CIO/AFT] matched up at various stores
* IBM Employee Purchase Program (EPP) for IBM employees and their family and friends: [http://www.ibm.com/shop/us/epp/ IBM store] / [http://shoplenovo.i2.com/SEUILibrary/controller/Lenovo:EnterStdAffinity?affinity=eppibm Lenovo store]
* Corporate Perks program for corporate employees (e.g., accessible through the Microsoft Alumni Network)
|}

== Buying FRUs ==

You can buy single components, called, FRU (Field Replacement Unit), directly from Lenovo.

* US orders: https://www-132.ibm.com/content/home/store_IBMPublicUSA/en_US/parts/parts_r.html
* Other countries: http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?lndocid=MIGR-50278&sitestyle=lenovo

To find the right FRU, you can look up your model's part lists here:
* [http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?sitestyle=lenovo&lndocid=TPAD-FRU Service parts list index - ThinkPad General]

== Official list of linux certified computers ==

* A [http://www.lenovo.com/pc/support/site.wss/MIGR-48NT8D.html list] of completed Linux certifications on [http://www.lenovo.com lenovo web site]

==Where to by Linux preinstalled thinkpad==
* [http://laclinux.com/en/Laptop Los Alamos Computers] Custom Linux Thinkpads - T Series, Z Series, X Series 23 Apr 2007

== Buying on eBay ==
* Many sellers do not know exactly what they have. Get the full 7-digit machine type if at all possible. Compare it to the specifications in the *book.pdf series: twbook.pdf, tabook.pdf, tawbook.pdf, etc, to determine actual screen size, original CPU speed, original hard disk, etc.
* You can try getting the serial number as well to check the warranty status at IBMs support pages.
* Check completed auctions carefully to determine going prices for comparable machines.
* Be aware if any port covers are missing. If they are, see if any current auctions are running to check availability.
* If the unit doesn't come with a hard drive, know whether it has the caddy and cover. Make sure that the three passwords are NOT set or that you know the right passwords before you install your hard drive! If you don't: A password can be set into your hard disk automatically, making it a brick - useful for door stopping only!
* Anything with a PIII or later most likely came with a Windows Certificate of Authenticity. Find out whether the listed machine does. Even if you don't want it, it may help resale value when you '''sell''' the machine.
* Read the feedback of the seller on items he has sold, especially electronics, computers and laptops. If meangranny is suddenly selling T43's after three years of lace, stay away.
* If it seems too good to be true, it probably is. There's a reason no one else is bidding on it.

==Long-time Weaknesses of certain models==
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
! Model !! Issues
|-
| {{390X}} || *models with 15" display are said to have weak display cables that tend to break.
|-
| {{600X}} || Battery problems.
|-
||{{A20p}}, {{390}}, {{390E}}, {{390X}} || *Base cover corners are prone to crack, root cause stiff display hinges
|-
||{{A31}} || Several reports of [[Problem with garbled screen]] independent on Operating System
|-
| {{A30}}, {{A30p}}, {{A31}}, {{A31p}} || *seem to have a mechanical design that can cause the motherboard to break. At least there are a significant number of reports of broken motherboards on these models.
|-
| {{T30}} || *had a problem with memory sockets detaching from the system board. IBM replaced these free of charge even after warranties expired.
|-
| {{T20}} || Many models have a problem of gradually dying. Attempting to turn on will only cause a blinking light, and many attempts must be made in order to start the machine. Eventually, the machine is no longer bootable.
|-
| {{X40}} || Your 1.8" hard drive will die after about a year. [[Talk:Harddisk_Drives]]
|-
| {{T43}} || A number of laptops from the T-line are very thin (everything since {{T40}}?), which was to some degree possible by using the newer [[UltraBay|UltraBay Slim]], which is used in almost all Thinkpads now, instead of the old [[UltraBay|UltraBay Plus]]. This limits the available alternatives for optical drives, as they are not compatible with the industrial standard slimline drives, which are to thick. Some {{T43}}s have Matshita UJ-822S drives, and Matshita is infamous for striving extra to enforce the DVD regional codes. Purchasing such a laptop would effectively mean being locked to one DVD region, unless you can buy a compatible replacement DVD drive. The {{T43}} family is also notorious for its [[problem with fan noise]] and has a [[problem with non-ThinkPad hard disks]]; its predecessor, the {{T42}} family, had none of these problems and offered better battery life.
|}

Talk:Hard disk drives

2007-10-31T21:02:51Z

Hendry: info about 1.8" drive options

Could anybody just give a brief hind on how to replace the hard disc? I haven't gotten a single clue, and I seem not to be able to find any documentation on that topic. I would really be greatful for any help whatsoever. :)

----
I wonder where you are looking for that documentation.
*the printed manuals that should have come with your ThinkPad include that documentation
*the Access IBM help application in Windows includes that documentation
*the hardware maintenance manuals linked from almost every model page in ThinkWiki includes that documentation
*googling for "thinkpad replace harddisk" has [http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?lndocid=MIGR-44101 this] link in 5th position and replacing "thinkpad" with your actual model will for sure lead you to more specific documentation

I guess you've just been waiting for someone to throw it into your letter box.

[[User:Wyrfel|Wyrfel]] 14:11, 4 Nov 2005 (CET)
----

== FUJITSU MHV2120AH suitable for T41? ==

Hello guys,

I've bought a Fujitsu MHV2120AH. Has anyone experience whether that harddisk is suitable for the Thinkpad T41? It seems that I can't insert the harddisk entirely.

Thanks a lot.
Marcus

== Modding ZIF connectors for AT connection in X41 ==

I've been searching online for a new hard disk for my Thinkpad X41 (2525), it has one of those little 1.8" TravelStar drives that seems to have a PATA interface (rows of pins) on it. It looks like these 1.8" drives have been pretty much discontinued by Hitachi and they only sell the same disk but with a ZIF (Zero Insertion Force) connector.

Does anyone know if it is possible to get a PATA to ZIF connector to work in a Thinkpad?
or indeed any source of the HTC***AT drives?

--[[User:Callum|Callum]] 15:44, 26 September 2007 (UTC)

== 1.8" drives ==

I recommend once your Deathstar 1.8" drive dies, just use an external drive like I do here:

http://www.flickr.com/photos/hendry/1508630532/

X40s can boot Linux fine from external USB hard drives.

If you want to attempt to pull data off an old 1.8" drive, you can actually use an 2.5" IDE USB enclosure like I do here:

http://www.flickr.com/photos/hendry/1809483099/

[[User:Hendry|Hendry]] 21:02, 31 October 2007 (UTC)

User:Hendry

2007-06-11T20:05:45Z

Hendry: â†Created page with 'If you would like to contact me, goto: http://hendry.iki.fi/'

If you would like to contact me, goto:
http://hendry.iki.fi/

Problems with SATA and Linux

2007-06-11T20:05:12Z

Hendry: /* No DMA on system hard disk */

{| width="100%"
|style="vertical-align:top;padding-right:20px;width:10px;white-space:nowrap;" | __TOC__
|style="vertical-align:top" |
Some ThinkPad models use an [[Intel ICH6-M]] SATA/PATA controller for the system hard disk. This causes several complications for Linux installation. The following lists these problems and known workarounds. Note that the details are often version- and distribution-specific.

===Models using a SATA disk interface===
Models using a SATA controller and a SATA system disk:
*ThinkPad {{R60}}, {{R60e}}
*ThinkPad {{T60}}, {{T60p}}
*ThinkPad {{X60}}, {{X60s}}
*ThinkPad {{Z60t}}, {{Z60m}}
*ThinkPad {{Z61t}}, {{Z61m}}
Models using a SATA controller and a PATA (IDE) system disk with a SATA-to-PATA bridge:
*ThinkPad {{T43}}, {{T43p}}
*ThinkPad {{R52}}
*ThinkPad {{X41}}, {{X41T}}

{{NOTE|Some of these problems (namely SMART support, power management and disk information) are solved in Linux 2.6.15 with the inclusion of libata pass-through. See the SATA driver [http://linux-ata.org/features.html features], [http://linux-ata.org/software-status.html software status] and [http://linux-ata.org/driver-status.html hardware status].}}
|}

==Hang on resume from suspend to RAM==

Linux kernels prior to 2.6.16 (ata_piix) and 2.6.19 (ahci) do not support suspend and resume for SATA devices. As a result, the machine hangs upon the first disk access after resume. A kernel patch ([http://lkml.org/lkml/2005/5/2/46 LKML posting]) fixes this by adding SATA power management support.

Kernel 2.6.16 and later fixes this problem for most systems. The Thinkpad T60 and X60s still need some patches to get resume working using 2.6.16, see [[Talk:Problems with SATA and Linux#Patch against SATA-resume problem with T60|here]]. The T60p resumes properly with 2.6.17-rc6, the T60 and X60 should also. You need to enable ata_piix and disable AHCI in the bios. The latest fedora (FC5) 2.6.17 kernel seems to have fixed the resume problem on the T60p, still need to disable AHCI though. Applying [http://cvs.fedora.redhat.com/viewcvs/rpms/kernel/FC-5/linux-2.6-console-suspend.patch this FC5 patch] makes suspend-to-ram work with AHCI enabled.

===Patches===
* [http://shamrock.dyndns.org/~ln/linux/sata_pm.2.6.12.diff Patch for kernel 2.6.12]
* [http://shamrock.dyndns.org/~ln/linux/sata_pm.2.6.13-rc5.diff Patch for kernel 2.6.13-rc5]
* [http://lkml.org/lkml/2005/9/23/97 Patch for kernel 2.6.14]
* [http://www.xenotime.net/linux/SATA/2.6.15-rc/libata_suspend.patch Patch for kernel 2.6.15-rc4]
* [http://tpctl.sourceforge.net/tmp/sata_pm.2.6.15-rc6.patch Patch for kernels 2.6.15-rc6 through 2.6.15]

Some distributions already include this patch (e.g., {{Ubuntu}} Breezy, {{Gentoo}}'s gentoo-sources 2.6.15-r1), but some don't (e.g., {{Fedora}} 4). If your distribution doesn't include the patch, you will need to compile your own kernel with this patch included.

===Links===
* RedHat Bugzilla [https://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=169201 bug 169201: "SATA drives fail on laptop suspend"]
* [http://lkml.org/lkml/2005/11/15/385 Fix to libata.h recommended on LKML] in case you get "ata: abnormal state 0x80 on port 0x1F7"
* RedHat Bugzilla [https://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=183138 bug 183138": "SATA failure after pm-suspend/resume ata1: handling error/timeout"]

==Failed resume from suspend to disk==

Suspend to disk (using [[swsusp]] or [[Software Suspend 2]]) needs to load the memory image from the SATA disk. For this to work, you either need an initrd with all the necessary SATA modules, or the SATA drivers compiled into the kernel.

==DVD drive not recognized==

The <tt>ata_piix</tt> SATA driver grabs ownership over the IDE ports when it is loaded, but (by default) does not support PATA ATAPI devices such as the Ultrabay optical drives. Thus, if the <tt>ide</tt> driver is compiled as a module and loaded after <tt>ata_piix</tt>, the DVD drive will not be recognized by either driver.

Either of the following configurations will work:
* For kernel 2.6.14 and newer: enable ATAPI support in the SATA system using {{bootparm|libata.atapi_enabled|1}} (see below; this is experimental).
* Compile IDE into the kernel (non-module).
* Compile both IDE and SATA as modules and make sure IDE is loaded first (the module is called 'ide_generic').

Note that the optical drive must be in the Ultrabay during system boot (Ultrabay device swapping is currently unsupported).

==No DMA on DVD drive==

Using the IDE driver, DMA support cannot be enabled on an Ultrabay optical drive:

# hdparm -d1 /dev/hdc

/dev/hdc:
setting using_dma to 1 (on)
HDIO_SET_DMA failed: Operation not permitted
using_dma = 0 (off)

As a result, the optical drive is slow, and in particular, too slow to play video DVDs.

One workaround is to use the <tt>ata_piix</tt> driver (instead of the IDE driver) for the optical drive. This requires enabling the ATAPI support of the <tt>ata_piix</tt> driver, which is under active development and not yet stable. You must also make sure that the IDE driver (<tt>ide-generic</tt>) does not grab the devices before <tt>ata_piix</tt>.
Using this will probably devour all your data and go on to eat all the food in your fridge. But if you have full backups and an empty fridge, do the following:

* Grab the latest kernel (must be 2.6.14 or newer; the relevant code is under active development).
* Do one of the following:
** Enable the <tt>ata_piix</tt> and <tt>libata</tt> drivers as built-in, and add {{bootparm|libata.atapi_enabled|1}} to your kernel command line (e.g., in {{path|/boot/grub/menu.lst}} or {{path|/etc/lilo.conf}}. Don't forget to run lilo after changes).
** Enable <tt>ata_piix</tt> and <tt>libata</tt> as modules (this is often the default) and add "<tt>options libata atapi_enabled=1</tt>" to your {{path|/etc/modprobe.conf}} (or the equivalent in your distribution).
* Do one of the following:
** Disable the IDE system.
** Build the IDE driver as built-in (this is often the default) and add the {{bootparm|hdc|noprobe}} kernel argument (e.g., in in {{path|/boot/grub/menu.lst}} or {{path|/etc/lilo.conf}}. Don't forget to run lilo after changes).
** Build the IDE driver as module and add "<tt>options ide hdc=noprobe</tt>" to your {{path|/etc/modprobe.conf}} (or the equivalent in your distribution).
* If you chose to use modules above, regenerate your <tt>initrd</tt> file.

Note : If you are using a ''Debian Sid'' system, and want to use Debian precompiled kernels, then type the following command in a ''root'' shell (This creates a new <tt>initrd</tt> with enabled ATAPI support of <tt>ata_piix</tt> and loads <tt>ata_piix</tt> before the IDE driver):
'''# echo options libata atapi_enabled=1>/etc/modprobe.d/atapienable && update-initramfs -u'''
Note : If your work was successful, your CD-ROM drive will no longer be accesiible through /dev/hdc, but /dev/scd0.

If this all doesn't work, use {{cmd|lspci -vn|}} to check whether one of the following chipsets is used in the Thinkpad:
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
|-
!PCI ID
!Name
|-
|8086:7111
|Intel 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 IDE
|-
|8086:24db
|Intel 82801EB/ER (ICH5/ICH5R) IDE Controller
|-
|8086:25a2
|Intel 6300ESB PATA Storage Controller
|}
If yes, enable support for these chipsets has to be enabled by setting
#define ATA_ENABLE_PATA
in {{path|include/linux/libata.h}} (and report your ThinkPad model in the discussion page).

There have been reports that DVD burning doesn't work under this configuration, but it seems to work with kernel 2.6.14 and later (tested on a ThinkPad {{T43}} and {{T43p}} with a [[UltraBay Slim DVD Multi-Burner Plus]]).

===Problem with kernel 2.6.16 kernel and suspend2 2.2.1===
DVD access fails with kernel 2.6.16.* and [[Software Suspend 2|suspend2]] 2.2.1. Thia is fixed by later versions of suspend2, or by deleting the 4000-libata-rollup-2616-rc3.patch (see
[http://lists.suspend2.net/lurker/message/20060322.082452.873dc526.en.html this post notice] by Alexander E. Patrakov).

===Links===
* RedHat Bugzilla [https://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=163418 bug 163418: "can't enable DMA on DVD drive"]
* Enabling DMA on a SATA DVD drive, kernel 2.6.18 [http://thomer.com/howtos/dma_on_sata_dvd.html]

==No DMA on system hard disk==

In recent Linux kernels, there are two modules capable of handling the ICH6 disk controller:
* <tt>ata_piix</tt>: the disk shows as {{path|/dev/sda}} and DMA is enabled.
* Generic IDE driver (<tt>ide-disk</tt>): the disk shows as {{path|/dev/hda}} and DMA is disabled.

The simplest way to enable DMA is to force the IDE driver to ignore the system hard disk by passing the {{bootparm|hda|noprobe}} and {{bootparm|hda|none}} kernel argument. The driver will then be handled by the <tt>ata_piix</tt> driver. Note that this will change its device name to {{path|/dev/sda}} (which may require changes in {{path|/etc/fstab}} and the boot loader) and may cause other problems as listed above.

(Observed on a ThinkPad T43 with Fedora Core kernel 2.6.13-1.1526_FC4.)
(Observed on a ThinkPad X40 with Debian kernel 2.6.18-4-686.) [[User:Hendry|Hendry]] 20:05, 11 June 2007 (UTC)

==No SMART support==

Prior to kernel 2.6.15, the Linux SATA system did not support SMART commands (e.g., via smartctl).

The necessary capability is "libata pass-through", which was incorporated into Linux 2.6.15-rc1 and later. A patch is available for older kernels:
* Kernel 2.6.12: http://rtr.ca/dell_i9300/kernel/kernel-2.6.12/03_libata_passthru.patch
* Kernel 2.6.13: http://rtr.ca/dell_i9300/kernel/kernel-2.6.13/02_libata_passthru.patch
* Kernel 2.6.14: http://www.foo.fh-furtwangen.de/~koenigr/02_libata_passthru.fixed.again.patch
* Kernel 2.6.14 with the above suspend-to-RAM patch: http://linux.spiney.org/system/files?file=02_libata_passthru.fixed.patch

After applying the patch, run smartctl with the "-d ata" parameter:
:{{cmdroot|smartctl -d ata -a /dev/sda}}

From smartmontools version 5.37 "-d sat" is preferred to "-d ata". The smartctl command will auto-detect SATA disks so:
:{{cmdroot|smartctl -a /dev/sda}}
should just work. The smartd daemon still requires "-d sat" in /etc/smartd.conf .

==No disk power management==

Prior to kernel 2.6.15, the Linux SATA system did not support power management commands on these models.

The above patches for SMART support resolves this, and in particular enables the following commands:
* {{cmdroot|hdparm -y}} (spin down)
* {{cmdroot|hdparm -S num}} (automatic spin down timeout)
* {{cmdroot|hdparm -B num}} (advanced power management level)
Note that this command is still rejected:
* {{cmdroot|hdparm -M num}} (acoustic management)
(Tested with patched kernels 2.6.13.1 and 2.6.12-4 and a 60GB 7200RPM disk model HTS726060M9AT00.)

Refer to [[How to make use of Harddisk Power Management features]] for details about using
HD power management. Refer to [[Laptop-mode]] if you are interested into spinning down your HD.

==No disk information==

Prior to kernel 2.6.15, on these models the disk information could not be read by the standard commands such as:
*{{cmdroot|hdparm -i /dev/sda}}
*{{cmdroot|hdparm -I /dev/sda}}
The latter is fixed by the above patch for SMART support.

==No swapping of UltraBay device==

The <tt>ata_piix</tt> driver in mainline kernels supports hot-swapping (and warm-swapping) of PATA and SATA devices as of Linux 2.6.18. Previous kernels require the machine to be powered off to safely remove a SATA/PATA device under libata ata_piix control.

See [[How_to_hotswap_UltraBay_devices#When_using_the_ata_piix_driver|How_to_hotswap_UltraBay_devices]] for further information.

Swapping of the [[UltraBay Slim Battery]] does work out-of-the box.

==BIOS error 2010 on user-installed hard disk==

While not a Linux issue, note that there is an issue with installing alternative PATA (IDE) hard disks as the system drive. Unless the disk is one of the few approved disks listed inside the BIOS, you will get an BIOS error 2010 during system boot, and the disk may operate unreliably. See [[Problem with non-ThinkPad hard disks]].

==RHEL3.0 Update 7 on T60p==

RHEL3.0 Update 7 will install on a {{T60p}}, but you need to make an adjustment. Both uni-processor and SMP kernels get installed, with the SMP kerrnel the default. However, the SMP kernel can't seem to find the disk drive. You can work around this by use "e" at the GRUB kernel prompt, then on the "kernel" line appending " noapic". After the system boots, you'll want to edit /boot/grub/grub.conf to add the " noapic" option to the kernel line as well.

==Mandriva 2006 on T60==

Mandriva 2006.0 has a problem with SATA on a {{T60}}, to fix this you need to make an adjustment. The install procedure can't seem to find the SATA disk drive, you can work around this by adding the "noapic" kernel option during CD/DVD boot. You *might* need to add this to lilo or GRUB for normal operations, after install completes. The problem with not using apic during normal operations is that you might have problems with power management, please see article on [[Software Suspend 2]]

==Problem burning CD/DVD==

To a CD/DVD problem, try to burn a CD/DVD as "root"-user on command-line with the option "-dummy" and "-v" enabled, do not use K3B or similar. Doing so you will get more informations and waste less CD/DVD's.

Experiment with the parameters "burnfree" and "dev". With cdrecord on debian etch, burnfree seems not work, disable it. With wodim on debian etch: try parameter "dev=/dev/scd0", the default "dev=1,0,0" seems not to work.

Category:X60s

2006-07-22T12:54:39Z

Hendry:

{| width="100%"
|style="vertical-align:top" |
<div style="margin: 0; margin-right:10px; border: 1px solid #dfdfdf; padding: 0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#F8F8FF; align:right;">
=== ThinkPad X60s ===
This pages gives an overview of all ThinkPad X60s related topics.

==== Standard Features ====
* [[Intel Core Duo (Yonah)]] 1.5 or 1.66 GHz (both low voltage)
** Support for Intel Virtualization Technology
* [[Intel Graphics Media Accelerator 950]]
** 12.1" TFT display with 1024x768 resolution (150 nits)
** 12.1" TFT display with 1024x768 resolution (UL, 180 nits)
* 256, 512, or 1024 MB [[PC2-5300]] memory standard
* 40, 60, 80, or 100 GB 5400 rpm SATA 2.5" HDD
* [[Active Protection System|IBM Active Protection System]]
* [[AD1981HD]] HD Audio 1.0 controller
* [[Ethernet Controllers#Intel Gigabit (10/100/1000)|Intel Gigabit Ethernet Controller]]
* [[MiniPCI Express slot]] with one of the following:
** [[Intel PRO/Wireless 3945ABG Mini-PCI Express Adapter]]
** [[ThinkPad 11a/b/g Wireless LAN Mini Express Adapter]]
* [[Embedded Security Subsystem|IBM Embedded Security Subsystem 2.0]]
* [[Integrated Fingerprint Reader]] on some models
* [[SD Card slot]] with IO support
* [[CardBus slot]] (Type 2)
* Firewire (IEEE1394)
</div>
|style="vertical-align:top" |
[[Image:ThinkPadX60.jpg|ThinkPad X60s]]
|}

The '''s''' in X60s means low power CPU. Sellers claim an amazing 8 hour battery life.

==== Reviews ====
* [http://www.notebookreview.com/default.asp?newsID=2701 NotebookReview.com], 2006-01-05

[[Category:X Series]]

Category:X60s

2006-07-22T12:53:34Z

Hendry: /* ThinkPad X60s */

{| width="100%"
|style="vertical-align:top" |
<div style="margin: 0; margin-right:10px; border: 1px solid #dfdfdf; padding: 0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#F8F8FF; align:right;">
=== ThinkPad X60s ===
This pages gives an overview of all ThinkPad X60s related topics.

==== Standard Features ====
* [[Intel Core Duo (Yonah)]] 1.5 or 1.66 GHz (both low voltage)
** Support for Intel Virtualization Technology
* [[Intel Graphics Media Accelerator 950]]
** 12.1" TFT display with 1024x768 resolution (150 nits)
** 12.1" TFT display with 1024x768 resolution (UL, 180 nits)
* 256, 512, or 1024 MB [[PC2-5300]] memory standard
* 40, 60, 80, or 100 GB 5400 rpm SATA 2.5" HDD
* [[Active Protection System|IBM Active Protection System]]
* [[AD1981HD]] HD Audio 1.0 controller
* [[Ethernet Controllers#Intel Gigabit (10/100/1000)|Intel Gigabit Ethernet Controller]]
* [[MiniPCI Express slot]] with one of the following:
** [[Intel PRO/Wireless 3945ABG Mini-PCI Express Adapter]]
** [[ThinkPad 11a/b/g Wireless LAN Mini Express Adapter]]
* [[Embedded Security Subsystem|IBM Embedded Security Subsystem 2.0]]
* [[Integrated Fingerprint Reader]] on some models
* [[SD Card slot]] with IO support
* [[CardBus slot]] (Type 2)
* Firewire (IEEE1394)
</div>
|style="vertical-align:top" |
[[Image:ThinkPadX60.jpg|ThinkPad X60s]]
|}

The **s** in X60 means low power CPU. Sellers claim an amazing 8 hour battery life.

==== Reviews ====
* [http://www.notebookreview.com/default.asp?newsID=2701 NotebookReview.com], 2006-01-05

[[Category:X Series]]

Harddrive Upgrade

2006-02-19T14:25:45Z

Hendry: /* Howto */

= Why? =

* More capacity
* Quieter drives
* Faster drives
* To replace a malfunctioning drive

= Options =

[http://www.seagate.com/products/discfamily/momentus/ Seagate Momentus] 2.5-inch notebook drives are highly recommended.

= Howto =

# Buy the upgrade
# Buy a USB enclosure ~10USD
# Mount upgrade in the USB enclosure
# Boot with a liveCD such as Knoppix or Ubuntu's LiveCD

Normally your hard drive would be /dev/hda and your external USB hard drive upgrade should be /dev/sda. Check with `dmesg` if this is the case. There is [http://thinkwiki.org/wiki/How_to_copy_a_Linux_installation several different irksome ways to migrate your data to the upgrade.] I've performed the `cat` method:

cat /dev/hda > /dev/sda

This can take as much as an entire day to perform, depending on the size of your original hard drive. You can work out how long it takes if you know the USB throughput.

And them resize the partition with the tool `parted`. This takes far less time thankfully, 30 minutes in my case.

Now the tricky part, [http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?lndocid=MIGR-42410 taking your hard drive out and replacing it with the upgrade.]

# Shutdown the machine, disconnect from the mains and take out the battery.
# Take the upgrade out the USB enclosure. In my case my upgrade got stuck in the USB enclosure. Be wary of these types of awful situations!
# With a good Philips screw driver remove the hard drive. Refer to [http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?lndocid=MIGR-42410 IBM's documentation how to do this.] My tips are to have the lid open when performing this. The hard drive is mounted typically just above your audio jacks.
# The side panel covering on the hard drive mount clips off and now mounting the new upgrade should be straight forward.
# You need to put the b(l)ack panel back on the mount, otherwise it is very difficult to get the hard drive out of Thinkpad's enclosure.
# Once the swap is complete you should be able to boot into your new hard drive. Thinkpads typically automagically detect the hard drive so, that's it!

= Source=

* http://natalian.org/archives/2006/02/03/dreading-the-upgrade/

Hardware Modifications

2006-02-18T01:23:14Z

Hendry: /* Hardware hacks */

This page is dedicated to your Hardware modifications and stories about strange or clever uses of ThinkPads.

==Hardware hacks==
* [[Harddrive Upgrade|Upgrade your hard drive]]
*[[How to build your own UltraBay drive]]
*[[How to build your own UltraBay Plus device]]
*[[How to build your own UltraPort device]]
*[[Unofficial maximum memory specs]]

==Undocumented software control of hardware==
*[[Pentium M undervolting and underclocking]]
*[[How to control fan speed]]

==External Sources==
*[http://www.stud.uni-hannover.de/~przemy/en_ibm760xd.html ThinkPad 760XD do-it-yourself-page]
*[http://repair4laptop.org/disassembly_ibm.html How to Upgrade, Repair, Disassemble a Lenovo (former IBM) ThinkPad Laptop or Notebook] - links to illustrated (often) HOWTOs for old and new ThinkPad models.
*[http://members.at.infoseek.co.jp/monkung/tp_cup/tp_cup.htm ThinkPad overclocking by photo for different older models (japanese)]
*[http://www.ibmmania.com/submenu3-tp.htm IBM Mania's Application pages] <tt>(Korean, but with pictures)</tt>

Harddrive Upgrade

2006-02-18T01:21:22Z

Hendry: /* Howto */

= Why? =

* More capacity
* Quieter drives
* All hard drives eventually so if you extensively use your thinkpad for several years, you should consider this

= Options =

[http://www.seagate.com/products/discfamily/momentus/ Seagate Momentus] 2.5-inch notebook drives are highly recommended.

= Howto =

# Buy the upgrade
# Buy a USB enclosure ~10USD
# Mount upgrade in the USB enclosure
# Boot with a liveCD such as Knoppix or Ubuntu's LiveCD

Normally your hard drive would be /dev/hda and your external USB hard drive upgrade should be /dev/sda. Check with `dmesg` if this is the case. There is [http://thinkwiki.org/wiki/How_to_copy_a_Linux_installation several different irksome ways to migrate your data to the upgrade.] I've performed the `cat` method:

cat /dev/hda > /dev/sda

This can take as much as 20 hours to perform, depending on the size of your original hard drive. You can work out how long it takes if you know the USB throughput.

And the resized the partition with the tool parted. This takes far less time, 30 minutes in my case.

Now the tricky part, [http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?lndocid=MIGR-42410 taking your hard drive out and replacing it with the upgrade.]

# Shutdown the machine, disconnect from the mains and take out the battery.
# Take the upgrade out the USB enclosure. In my case my upgrade got stuck in the USB enclosure. Be wary of these types of awful situations!
# With a good Philips screw driver remove the hard drive. Refer to [http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?lndocid=MIGR-42410 IBM's documentation how to do this.] My tips are to have the lid open when performing this. The hard drive is mounted typically just above your audio jacks.
# The side panel covering on the hard drive mount clips off and now mounting the new upgrade should be straight forward.
# You need to put the b(l)ack panel back on the mount, otherwise it is very difficult to get the hard drive out of Thinkpad's enclosure.
# Once the swap is complete you should be able to boot into your new hard drive. Thinkpads typically automagically detect the hard drive so, that's it!

= Source=

* http://natalian.org/archives/2006/02/03/dreading-the-upgrade/

Harddrive Upgrade

2006-02-18T01:19:54Z

Hendry: /* Why? */

= Why? =

* More capacity
* Quieter drives
* All hard drives eventually so if you extensively use your thinkpad for several years, you should consider this

= Options =

[http://www.seagate.com/products/discfamily/momentus/ Seagate Momentus] 2.5-inch notebook drives are highly recommended.

= Howto =

# Buy the upgrade
# Buy a USB enclosure ~10USD
# Mount upgrade in the USB enclosure
# Boot with a liveCD such as Knoppix or Ubuntu's LiveCD

Normally your hard drive would be /dev/hda and your external USB hard drive upgrade should be /dev/sda. Check with `dmesg` if this is the case. There is [http://thinkwiki.org/wiki/How_to_copy_a_Linux_installation several different irksome ways to migrate your data to the upgrade.] I've performed the `cat` method:

cat /dev/hda > /dev/sda

This can take as much as 20 hours to perform, depending on the size of your original hard drive. You can work out how long it takes if you know the USB throughput.

And the resized the partition with the tool parted. This takes far less time, 30 minutes in my case.

Now the tricky part, [http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?lndocid=MIGR-42410 taking your hard drive out and replacing it with the upgrade.]

# Shutdown the machine, disconnect from the mains and take out the battery.
# Take the upgrade out the USB enclosure. In my case my upgrade got stuck in the USB enclosure. Be wary of these types of awful situations!
# With a good philips screw driver remove the hard drive. Refer to [http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?lndocid=MIGR-42410 IBM's documention how to do this.] My tips are to have the lid open when performing this. The hard drive is mounted typically just about your audio jacks.
# The side panel covering on the hard drive mount clips off and now mounting the new upgrade should be straight forward.
# You need to put the b(l)ack panel back on the mount, otherwise it is very difficult to get the hard drive out of Thinpad's enclosure.
# Once the swap is complete you should be able to boot into your new hard drive. Thinkpads typically automagically detect the hard drive so, that's it!

= Source=

* http://natalian.org/archives/2006/02/03/dreading-the-upgrade/

Harddrive Upgrade

2006-02-18T01:18:37Z

Hendry: /* Howto */

= Why? =

* More capacity
* Quieter drives
* All hard drives fail so if you extensively use your thinkpad for several years, you should consider this option

= Options =

[http://www.seagate.com/products/discfamily/momentus/ Seagate Momentus] 2.5-inch notebook drives are highly recommended.

= Howto =

# Buy the upgrade
# Buy a USB enclosure ~10USD
# Mount upgrade in the USB enclosure
# Boot with a liveCD such as Knoppix or Ubuntu's LiveCD

Normally your hard drive would be /dev/hda and your external USB hard drive upgrade should be /dev/sda. Check with `dmesg` if this is the case. There is [http://thinkwiki.org/wiki/How_to_copy_a_Linux_installation several different irksome ways to migrate your data to the upgrade.] I've performed the `cat` method:

cat /dev/hda > /dev/sda

This can take as much as 20 hours to perform, depending on the size of your original hard drive. You can work out how long it takes if you know the USB throughput.

And the resized the partition with the tool parted. This takes far less time, 30 minutes in my case.

Now the tricky part, [http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?lndocid=MIGR-42410 taking your hard drive out and replacing it with the upgrade.]

# Shutdown the machine, disconnect from the mains and take out the battery.
# Take the upgrade out the USB enclosure. In my case my upgrade got stuck in the USB enclosure. Be wary of these types of awful situations!
# With a good philips screw driver remove the hard drive. Refer to [http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?lndocid=MIGR-42410 IBM's documention how to do this.] My tips are to have the lid open when performing this. The hard drive is mounted typically just about your audio jacks.
# The side panel covering on the hard drive mount clips off and now mounting the new upgrade should be straight forward.
# You need to put the b(l)ack panel back on the mount, otherwise it is very difficult to get the hard drive out of Thinpad's enclosure.
# Once the swap is complete you should be able to boot into your new hard drive. Thinkpads typically automagically detect the hard drive so, that's it!

= Source=

* http://natalian.org/archives/2006/02/03/dreading-the-upgrade/

Harddrive Upgrade

2006-02-18T01:17:34Z

Hendry:

= Why? =

* More capacity
* Quieter drives
* All hard drives fail so if you extensively use your thinkpad for several years, you should consider this option

= Options =

[http://www.seagate.com/products/discfamily/momentus/ Seagate Momentus] 2.5-inch notebook drives are highly recommended.

= Howto =

# Buy the upgrade
# Buy a USB enclosure ~10USD
# Mount upgrade in the USB enclosure
# Boot with a liveCD such as Knoppix or Ubuntu's LiveCD

Normally your hard drive would be /dev/hda and your external USB hard drive upgrade should be /dev/sda. Check with `dmesg` if this is the case. There is [http://thinkwiki.org/wiki/How_to_copy_a_Linux_installation several different irksome ways to migrate your data to the upgrade.] I've performed the `cat` method:

cat /dev/hda > /dev/sda

This can take as much as 20 hours to perform, depending on the size of your original hard drive. You can work out how long it takes know the USB throughput.

And the resized the partition with the tool parted. This takes far less time, 30 minutes in my case.

Now the tricky part, [http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?lndocid=MIGR-42410 taking your hard drive out and replacing it with the upgrade.]

# Shutdown the machine, disconnect from the mains and take out the battery.
# Take the upgrade out the USB enclosure. In my case my upgrade got stuck in the USB enclosure. Be wary of these types of awful situations!
# With a good philips screw driver remove the hard drive. Refer to [http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?lndocid=MIGR-42410 IBM's documention how to do this.] My tips are to have the lid open when performing this. The hard drive is mounted typically just about your audio jacks.
# The side panel covering on the hard drive mount clips off and now mounting the new upgrade should be straight forward.
# You need to put the b(l)ack panel back on the mount, otherwise it is very difficult to get the hard drive out of Thinpad's enclosure.
# Once the swap is complete you should be able to boot into your new hard drive. Thinkpads typically automagically detect the hard drive so, that's it!

= Source=

* http://natalian.org/archives/2006/02/03/dreading-the-upgrade/

Harddrive Upgrade

2006-02-18T01:08:13Z

Hendry:

Harddrive Upgrade

2006-02-18T01:02:31Z

Hendry: /* Why? */

Harddrive Upgrade

2006-02-18T01:01:58Z

Hendry:

= Why? =

* More capacity
* Quieter drives
* All hard drives fail so if you use your thinkpad a lot for several years, you should consider this option

= Options =

[http://www.seagate.com/products/discfamily/momentus/ Seagate Momentus] 2.5-inch notebook drives are highly recommended.

= Howto =

# Buy the upgrade
# Buy a USB enclosure
# Mount upgrade in the USB enclosure
#

= Source=

* http://natalian.org/archives/2006/02/03/dreading-the-upgrade/

Harddrive Upgrade

2006-02-18T00:56:24Z

Hendry:

= Upgrading your thinkpad Hard drive =

http://natalian.org/archives/2006/02/03/dreading-the-upgrade/

Maintenance

2006-02-18T00:55:07Z

Hendry: /* Harddisk Backup */

{| width="100%"
|style="vertical-align:top;padding-right:20px;width:10px;white-space:nowrap;" | __TOC__
|style="vertical-align:top" |
Here you can find general hints about keeping your ThinkPad in good shape. Look at your [[:Category:Models|models category page]] for IBMs official maintenance guide for that model.
|}
==Battery treatment==
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="vertical-align:top;"
|+Battery life expanding guide
|- style="background:#efefef;white-space:nowrap;"
! style="background:#ffdead;" | Battery Type !! NiCd !! NiMH !! Lithium ion
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! style="background:#ffdead;" | General
|
*always do complete discharge/charge cycles
*avoid exposing the battery (or notebook) to excessive heat
|
*always do complete discharge/charge cycles
*avoid exposing the battery (or notebook) to excessive heat
|
*never completely discharge the battery, partial dis-/recharges are better
*remove battery when on AC
*avoid exposing the battery (or notebook) to excessive heat
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! style="background:#ffdead;" | Charging
|
*discharge before charging
|
*discharge before charging
|
*avoid charging if battery is nearly full
*keep notebook off while charging
*fully discharge battery every 30 or so charges to recalibrate fuel guage
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! style="background:#ffdead;" | Storage
|
*almost discharged
*cool and dry
|
*almost discharged
*cool and dry
|
*never fully charged or discharged, ideally at about 40%
*cool and dry, but '''do not freeze''' them. 10-15C is recommended
|}

===Battery health===
Batteries, especially of the modern Li-Ion type, wear out quicker when they hold a large charge or are subject to higher temperatures (see above).

If you use your laptop at a desk, reduce battery wear by maintaining an appropriate charge level. When possible, remove Li-ion batteries while operating from AC as the notebook gets hot enough inside for that to damage the battery in the long run, even if charging is stopped.

On recent ThinkPads, charging thresholds can be configured in the bundled software. Under Linux, this is supported on recent models by the [[tp_smapi]] driver (and even without <tt>tp_smapi</tt>, if you have a dual-boot setup, you can set the thresholds under Windows and they will be remembered as long as you don't power off your machine with AC disconnected; suspend to RAM is OK). Have a look at [[How to use UltraBay batteries]].

If you have spare Li-ion battery packs, store them at 40% charge in a cool place (15C being a recommended temperature, do not let the batteries freeze). If storing inside a refrigerator, beware of humidity, and be careful with cold spots that can easily freeze the battery if anything goes wrong.

===The problem with 600 series batteries===
ThinkPad 600 power management causes batteries to die before they should. Read more about this on the [[Problem with ThinkPad 600 batteries|associated problem page]].

===Reviving batteries===
Some people experience sudden drops in their batteries capacity.

A way to get these batteries back to full capacity is to run the "Battery Rundown" function of IBMs "PC Doctor for DOS".
The program is downloadable from IBMs support site as three floppy disk images. For those who do not have a floppy, David Smith prepared a [http://www.mypchelp.com/~dsmith/ibmutil/ibm_t22_pcdiag.iso bootable CD image] from the T22 floppy images. For newer ThinkPads there is an official [http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?sitestyle=lenovo&lndocid=MIGR-56222 bootable CD image].

===External sources===
* [http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?sitestyle=ibm&lndocid=MIGR-50944 IBM Support - Extending battery life]
* [http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?sitestyle=ibm&lndocid=MIGR-51038 IBM Support - Battery troubleshooting]
* [http://www.pc.ibm.com/ww/thinkpad/batterylife/ IBM Benchmark]
* [http://batteryuniversity.com Battery University]
* [http://www.batteryuniversity.com/parttwo-34.htm BatteryUniversitys info about prolonging lithium ion batteries]
* [http://www.buchmann.ca/Chap10-page6.asp prolonging lithium ion batteries in Buchmanns Battery FAQ]

==Cleaning the Display==
If you discover markings that look like originating from the TrackPoint or keyboard, or for information on how to avoid these, look at [[Problem with key and trackpoint markings on the display|this page]].

===External Sources===
* [http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?sitestyle=ibm&lndocid=MIGR-4A2P54 IBM Support - LCD care and cleaning instructions]
* [http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?sitestyle=ibm&lndocid=MIGR-52190 IBM Support - System cleaning instructions]

==Cleaning the Interior==
{{WARN|The following instructions are not appropriate for all ThinkPad models. Please consult the hardware maintenance guide or on-line disassembly instructions for your model.}}
Most ThinkPad models (particularly the A-series and the T-series) tend to accumulate a lot of interior dust which they draw from their ventilation fan. A good dusting every few months is advised. The procedure is as follows.

===ThinkPad T4x series===
See IBM's keyboard removal [http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?lndocid=MIGR-46515 instructions] and [http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?lndocid=MIGR-50227 movie].

===Other models (which?)===
#Unplug the computer.
#Remove the battery.
#Turn the ThinkPad over and find two to three screws with upraised double-arrows pointing to them.
#Unscrew these screws and set them aside.
#Press the silver area underneath where the battery used to be. The front of the keyboard will pop up.
#Turn the ThinkPad right side up and gently remove the keyboard, pulling it toward you.
#There is one connector between the ThinkPad and the keyboard. Disconnect it, and set the keyboard aside.
#If there is a small black plastic separator under the keyboard, remove it and set it aside.
#The fan should be visible in the upper left. That entire area will likely be dusty. With a can of compressed air (and ''only'' with a can of compressed air), dust that area and the surrounding area.
#Replace the small black plastic separator, then reconnect the keyboard.
#Slide the keyboard back into place, then press down on the Fn and right-arrow keys until it pops into place.
#Replace the keyboard screws and battery.

==Dealing with spilling accidents==
#Don't panic.
#Don't flip or tilt the computer to prevent the liquid from spreading all over the inside of the case.
#Shut down the OS and turn off the power:
##Unplug the computer.
##Remove the battery.
#Tilt the computer so that everything that leaked into the case can flow out the same way.
#Allow the computer to dry before switching it on again.
#For minor accidents this might already be sufficient. For major flooding you should either bring the computer to a dealer who knows how to open and clean it from inside. Or you can read the Hardware Maintenance Manual, open, clean, and dry the computer yourself.

See also [http://www.moneysense.ca/spending/technology/columnist.jsp?content=986628 Act quickly, carefully if you spill on laptops] on MoneySense.ca

==Harddisk Backup / Upgrade==
*[[How to copy a Linux installation]]
*[[Harddrive Upgrade|How to upgrade your Thinkpad hard drive]]
*[[How to copy a Windows installation]]
===External Sources===
*[http://gamma.nic.fi/~point/win2copy.htm Guide on copying Windows 2000/XP to another partition]

==Recovering BIOS passwords==
Password recovery procedure for IBM ThinkPads
using R24RF08 and IBMpass

'''1. Introduction.'''

As you probably know, IBM ThinkPad uses a small eeprom ([[AT24RF08|ATMEL 24RF08]]) to store different OEM
issues like serial number, UUID, etc. The supervisor password (SVP) is stored also into this little chip.
So, anybody should figure that he needs to read the eeprom in order to find the password string. The first problem is that 24RF08 is not an ordinary eeprom. The second is that the password is written in a special scan code.
To read properly you need a software (and an interface) specially designed for this eeprom.
This software is R24RF08 (eeprom reader) and IBMpass (password revealer) disponible at www.allservice.ro . Diagrams are included in the reader kit

'''2. Locating the eeprom. Soldering.'''

No need to unsolder the 24RF08 eeprom, just solder 3 wires to SDA, SCL and GND pins of the
eeprom. There are two eeprom layouts (see interface schematics described bellow), orresponding to 8 pin or 14 pin eeproms. Locate the eeprom first according to your model (E.g. T20-23 and T30 have the eeprom underneath TP, and can be accessed by removing the RAM modules cover, no need to dismantle the laptop.) and solder the wires using a soldering iron with a fine tip. Also, you can use 0.15 -0.20 mm enamel coated wires or similar small diameter insulated wires. These wires will be connected later to the interface.
Tip: You can use clips to connect the wires or you can solder on the PCB traces leading to the
eeprom pins. Once again, be careful and double, triple check the soldering if necessary till you are positively sure you have done the right job.

'''3. Choose and build the interface.'''

Since version 2.0, R24RF08 and W24RF08(eeprom writer) are compatible with a wide range of eeprom programmers. By default, both programs set the COM port signals to use direct logic level to access I2C bus. We provide here 2 schematics that are relevant for direct logic signals and for inverse logic signals (simple-i2cprog.pdf and driven-i2cprog.pdf). Also, depending of the interface you build, you can invert the logics for SDA-In, SDA-Out, and SCL COM port signals by some command line parameters described later in this document.
a) The file simple-i2cprog.pdf contains the schematic diagram of a simple interface (known as SIPROG)based on 2 zeners and 2 resistors. This is a classic, easy to build circuit and works with soldered or unsoldered eeproms. The purpose of the 2 zeners is to convert RS232 levels (+/- 5V) to TTL levels, needed by the eeprom. It uses direct logic signals to I2C eeprom and is powered by the COM port. However, this interface works with in-system eeproms but is dependant on COM port current and eeprom bus impedance. R24RF08 works natively with this circuit, no need to change the lines signals with command line parameters. This circuit works pretty well with almost all ThinkPads series.
b) The second interface is described in driven-i2cprog.pdf. The circuit uses MAX 232 as a RS232 to TTL driver and its main purpose is to work with soldered eeproms. The advantage of MAX232 is the TTL outputs that are more reliable and more powerful when work with soldered, in-system eeproms (dependency free from the COM port current). Due of the internal inverters of MAX232 the interface responds to an inverse signal logic level. R24RF08 needs /x, /d, /i switches to be specified in the command line.
What these switches mean:
/x - invert serial clock, also known as SCL;
/d - invert serial data output, also known as SDA-Out;
/i - invert serial data input, also known as SDA-In.
All those can be used in any combination to meet any interface specification.

'''4. How is it working:'''

Prepare your technician PC by connecting the interface to the COM1 port (donâ€™t connect the wires to eeprom yet). Turn on the ThinkPad and press F1 to enter BIOS Setup. When you are prompted for the password and thereâ€™s no other activity like HDD access or so, connect the wires (GND first!, SDA, SCL) to the corresponding wires from the interface (attached before to COM1) and execute R24RF08:

-for SI-PROG interface (as described in 3.a above):
r24rf08.exe <filename.ext>. where filename.ext is the file where eeprom content will be stored.
Example: r24rf08 mytp.bin

-for MAX232 driven I2C interface (as described in 3.b above):
r24rf08.exe <filename.ext> /x /d /i. where /x /d /i are command line parameters (switches) for this kind of interface.
Example: r24rf08 mytp2.bin /x/d /i

Use exactly the instructed switches to avoid possible damages to your eeprom data!
The file should be created in the same folder. Finally, disconnect the wires (GND last!) and turn off the ThinkPad by pressing on/off switch.

'''5. Reveal the password.'''

Now, you have the .bin file but you need to dump in scan code to retrieve the password. IBMpass 2.0 Lite is a free tool that will do the job. Just open the eeprom dump youâ€™ve created before and search for 0x330, 0x340 lines. The password is located on 0x338 (and 0x340 depending on model) in scan code. For 24C01 eeproms the password is located at 0x38, 0x40. If the password won't work for the very first time then your eeprom may use newer IBM scancodes. In this case switch to alternate scan codes to find it. For those who want quick answers the recommended version is IBMpass 1.1. Usage for IBMpass 1.1 (command line only):

ibmpass mytp.bin â€“ use â€œ/aâ€ switch to see in alternate scan code if needed:
ibmpass mytp.bin /a

For some old models like 570 or 770Z you need to execute the eeprom patcher first. This will reset the read protection on the password offset. To do that just execute patcher.exe before the reading operation, without rebooting the laptop:

-for SI-PROG:
patcher.exe , then immediately
r24rf08.exe <filename.ext>

-for Driven-I2C (Max232) you must insert the switches:
patcher.exe /x /d /i, then immediately
r24rf08.exe <filename.ext> /x /d /i

W24RF08, the writer version, has included the complete APP reset operation you donâ€™t need to use patcher.

Remember, use 3 wires from the interface and 3 wires from eeprom! Connect them after your
ThinkPad is powered and disconnect them right after you read the content, before you switch off the laptop.

===External Sources===
* [http://www.allservice.ro R24RF08 & IBMpass author's webpage.]
* [http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?sitestyle=ibm&lndocid=MIGR-59377 IBM Support - Lost or forgotten password]

Maintenance

2006-02-18T00:53:57Z

Hendry: /* Harddisk Backup */

{| width="100%"
|style="vertical-align:top;padding-right:20px;width:10px;white-space:nowrap;" | __TOC__
|style="vertical-align:top" |
Here you can find general hints about keeping your ThinkPad in good shape. Look at your [[:Category:Models|models category page]] for IBMs official maintenance guide for that model.
|}
==Battery treatment==
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 style="vertical-align:top;"
|+Battery life expanding guide
|- style="background:#efefef;white-space:nowrap;"
! style="background:#ffdead;" | Battery Type !! NiCd !! NiMH !! Lithium ion
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! style="background:#ffdead;" | General
|
*always do complete discharge/charge cycles
*avoid exposing the battery (or notebook) to excessive heat
|
*always do complete discharge/charge cycles
*avoid exposing the battery (or notebook) to excessive heat
|
*never completely discharge the battery, partial dis-/recharges are better
*remove battery when on AC
*avoid exposing the battery (or notebook) to excessive heat
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! style="background:#ffdead;" | Charging
|
*discharge before charging
|
*discharge before charging
|
*avoid charging if battery is nearly full
*keep notebook off while charging
*fully discharge battery every 30 or so charges to recalibrate fuel guage
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! style="background:#ffdead;" | Storage
|
*almost discharged
*cool and dry
|
*almost discharged
*cool and dry
|
*never fully charged or discharged, ideally at about 40%
*cool and dry, but '''do not freeze''' them. 10-15C is recommended
|}

===Battery health===
Batteries, especially of the modern Li-Ion type, wear out quicker when they hold a large charge or are subject to higher temperatures (see above).

If you use your laptop at a desk, reduce battery wear by maintaining an appropriate charge level. When possible, remove Li-ion batteries while operating from AC as the notebook gets hot enough inside for that to damage the battery in the long run, even if charging is stopped.

On recent ThinkPads, charging thresholds can be configured in the bundled software. Under Linux, this is supported on recent models by the [[tp_smapi]] driver (and even without <tt>tp_smapi</tt>, if you have a dual-boot setup, you can set the thresholds under Windows and they will be remembered as long as you don't power off your machine with AC disconnected; suspend to RAM is OK). Have a look at [[How to use UltraBay batteries]].

If you have spare Li-ion battery packs, store them at 40% charge in a cool place (15C being a recommended temperature, do not let the batteries freeze). If storing inside a refrigerator, beware of humidity, and be careful with cold spots that can easily freeze the battery if anything goes wrong.

===The problem with 600 series batteries===
ThinkPad 600 power management causes batteries to die before they should. Read more about this on the [[Problem with ThinkPad 600 batteries|associated problem page]].

===Reviving batteries===
Some people experience sudden drops in their batteries capacity.

A way to get these batteries back to full capacity is to run the "Battery Rundown" function of IBMs "PC Doctor for DOS".
The program is downloadable from IBMs support site as three floppy disk images. For those who do not have a floppy, David Smith prepared a [http://www.mypchelp.com/~dsmith/ibmutil/ibm_t22_pcdiag.iso bootable CD image] from the T22 floppy images. For newer ThinkPads there is an official [http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?sitestyle=lenovo&lndocid=MIGR-56222 bootable CD image].

===External sources===
* [http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?sitestyle=ibm&lndocid=MIGR-50944 IBM Support - Extending battery life]
* [http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?sitestyle=ibm&lndocid=MIGR-51038 IBM Support - Battery troubleshooting]
* [http://www.pc.ibm.com/ww/thinkpad/batterylife/ IBM Benchmark]
* [http://batteryuniversity.com Battery University]
* [http://www.batteryuniversity.com/parttwo-34.htm BatteryUniversitys info about prolonging lithium ion batteries]
* [http://www.buchmann.ca/Chap10-page6.asp prolonging lithium ion batteries in Buchmanns Battery FAQ]

==Cleaning the Display==
If you discover markings that look like originating from the TrackPoint or keyboard, or for information on how to avoid these, look at [[Problem with key and trackpoint markings on the display|this page]].

===External Sources===
* [http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?sitestyle=ibm&lndocid=MIGR-4A2P54 IBM Support - LCD care and cleaning instructions]
* [http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?sitestyle=ibm&lndocid=MIGR-52190 IBM Support - System cleaning instructions]

==Cleaning the Interior==
{{WARN|The following instructions are not appropriate for all ThinkPad models. Please consult the hardware maintenance guide or on-line disassembly instructions for your model.}}
Most ThinkPad models (particularly the A-series and the T-series) tend to accumulate a lot of interior dust which they draw from their ventilation fan. A good dusting every few months is advised. The procedure is as follows.

===ThinkPad T4x series===
See IBM's keyboard removal [http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?lndocid=MIGR-46515 instructions] and [http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?lndocid=MIGR-50227 movie].

===Other models (which?)===
#Unplug the computer.
#Remove the battery.
#Turn the ThinkPad over and find two to three screws with upraised double-arrows pointing to them.
#Unscrew these screws and set them aside.
#Press the silver area underneath where the battery used to be. The front of the keyboard will pop up.
#Turn the ThinkPad right side up and gently remove the keyboard, pulling it toward you.
#There is one connector between the ThinkPad and the keyboard. Disconnect it, and set the keyboard aside.
#If there is a small black plastic separator under the keyboard, remove it and set it aside.
#The fan should be visible in the upper left. That entire area will likely be dusty. With a can of compressed air (and ''only'' with a can of compressed air), dust that area and the surrounding area.
#Replace the small black plastic separator, then reconnect the keyboard.
#Slide the keyboard back into place, then press down on the Fn and right-arrow keys until it pops into place.
#Replace the keyboard screws and battery.

==Dealing with spilling accidents==
#Don't panic.
#Don't flip or tilt the computer to prevent the liquid from spreading all over the inside of the case.
#Shut down the OS and turn off the power:
##Unplug the computer.
##Remove the battery.
#Tilt the computer so that everything that leaked into the case can flow out the same way.
#Allow the computer to dry before switching it on again.
#For minor accidents this might already be sufficient. For major flooding you should either bring the computer to a dealer who knows how to open and clean it from inside. Or you can read the Hardware Maintenance Manual, open, clean, and dry the computer yourself.

See also [http://www.moneysense.ca/spending/technology/columnist.jsp?content=986628 Act quickly, carefully if you spill on laptops] on MoneySense.ca

==Harddisk Backup / Upgrade==
*[[How to copy a Linux installation]]
*[[Hard drive upgrade|How to upgrade your Thinkpad hard drive]]
*[[How to copy a Windows installation]]
===External Sources===
*[http://gamma.nic.fi/~point/win2copy.htm Guide on copying Windows 2000/XP to another partition]

==Recovering BIOS passwords==
Password recovery procedure for IBM ThinkPads
using R24RF08 and IBMpass

'''1. Introduction.'''

As you probably know, IBM ThinkPad uses a small eeprom ([[AT24RF08|ATMEL 24RF08]]) to store different OEM
issues like serial number, UUID, etc. The supervisor password (SVP) is stored also into this little chip.
So, anybody should figure that he needs to read the eeprom in order to find the password string. The first problem is that 24RF08 is not an ordinary eeprom. The second is that the password is written in a special scan code.
To read properly you need a software (and an interface) specially designed for this eeprom.
This software is R24RF08 (eeprom reader) and IBMpass (password revealer) disponible at www.allservice.ro . Diagrams are included in the reader kit

'''2. Locating the eeprom. Soldering.'''

No need to unsolder the 24RF08 eeprom, just solder 3 wires to SDA, SCL and GND pins of the
eeprom. There are two eeprom layouts (see interface schematics described bellow), orresponding to 8 pin or 14 pin eeproms. Locate the eeprom first according to your model (E.g. T20-23 and T30 have the eeprom underneath TP, and can be accessed by removing the RAM modules cover, no need to dismantle the laptop.) and solder the wires using a soldering iron with a fine tip. Also, you can use 0.15 -0.20 mm enamel coated wires or similar small diameter insulated wires. These wires will be connected later to the interface.
Tip: You can use clips to connect the wires or you can solder on the PCB traces leading to the
eeprom pins. Once again, be careful and double, triple check the soldering if necessary till you are positively sure you have done the right job.

'''3. Choose and build the interface.'''

Since version 2.0, R24RF08 and W24RF08(eeprom writer) are compatible with a wide range of eeprom programmers. By default, both programs set the COM port signals to use direct logic level to access I2C bus. We provide here 2 schematics that are relevant for direct logic signals and for inverse logic signals (simple-i2cprog.pdf and driven-i2cprog.pdf). Also, depending of the interface you build, you can invert the logics for SDA-In, SDA-Out, and SCL COM port signals by some command line parameters described later in this document.
a) The file simple-i2cprog.pdf contains the schematic diagram of a simple interface (known as SIPROG)based on 2 zeners and 2 resistors. This is a classic, easy to build circuit and works with soldered or unsoldered eeproms. The purpose of the 2 zeners is to convert RS232 levels (+/- 5V) to TTL levels, needed by the eeprom. It uses direct logic signals to I2C eeprom and is powered by the COM port. However, this interface works with in-system eeproms but is dependant on COM port current and eeprom bus impedance. R24RF08 works natively with this circuit, no need to change the lines signals with command line parameters. This circuit works pretty well with almost all ThinkPads series.
b) The second interface is described in driven-i2cprog.pdf. The circuit uses MAX 232 as a RS232 to TTL driver and its main purpose is to work with soldered eeproms. The advantage of MAX232 is the TTL outputs that are more reliable and more powerful when work with soldered, in-system eeproms (dependency free from the COM port current). Due of the internal inverters of MAX232 the interface responds to an inverse signal logic level. R24RF08 needs /x, /d, /i switches to be specified in the command line.
What these switches mean:
/x - invert serial clock, also known as SCL;
/d - invert serial data output, also known as SDA-Out;
/i - invert serial data input, also known as SDA-In.
All those can be used in any combination to meet any interface specification.

'''4. How is it working:'''

Prepare your technician PC by connecting the interface to the COM1 port (donâ€™t connect the wires to eeprom yet). Turn on the ThinkPad and press F1 to enter BIOS Setup. When you are prompted for the password and thereâ€™s no other activity like HDD access or so, connect the wires (GND first!, SDA, SCL) to the corresponding wires from the interface (attached before to COM1) and execute R24RF08:

-for SI-PROG interface (as described in 3.a above):
r24rf08.exe <filename.ext>. where filename.ext is the file where eeprom content will be stored.
Example: r24rf08 mytp.bin

-for MAX232 driven I2C interface (as described in 3.b above):
r24rf08.exe <filename.ext> /x /d /i. where /x /d /i are command line parameters (switches) for this kind of interface.
Example: r24rf08 mytp2.bin /x/d /i

Use exactly the instructed switches to avoid possible damages to your eeprom data!
The file should be created in the same folder. Finally, disconnect the wires (GND last!) and turn off the ThinkPad by pressing on/off switch.

'''5. Reveal the password.'''

Now, you have the .bin file but you need to dump in scan code to retrieve the password. IBMpass 2.0 Lite is a free tool that will do the job. Just open the eeprom dump youâ€™ve created before and search for 0x330, 0x340 lines. The password is located on 0x338 (and 0x340 depending on model) in scan code. For 24C01 eeproms the password is located at 0x38, 0x40. If the password won't work for the very first time then your eeprom may use newer IBM scancodes. In this case switch to alternate scan codes to find it. For those who want quick answers the recommended version is IBMpass 1.1. Usage for IBMpass 1.1 (command line only):

ibmpass mytp.bin â€“ use â€œ/aâ€ switch to see in alternate scan code if needed:
ibmpass mytp.bin /a

For some old models like 570 or 770Z you need to execute the eeprom patcher first. This will reset the read protection on the password offset. To do that just execute patcher.exe before the reading operation, without rebooting the laptop:

-for SI-PROG:
patcher.exe , then immediately
r24rf08.exe <filename.ext>

-for Driven-I2C (Max232) you must insert the switches:
patcher.exe /x /d /i, then immediately
r24rf08.exe <filename.ext> /x /d /i

W24RF08, the writer version, has included the complete APP reset operation you donâ€™t need to use patcher.

Remember, use 3 wires from the interface and 3 wires from eeprom! Connect them after your
ThinkPad is powered and disconnect them right after you read the content, before you switch off the laptop.

===External Sources===
* [http://www.allservice.ro R24RF08 & IBMpass author's webpage.]
* [http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?sitestyle=ibm&lndocid=MIGR-59377 IBM Support - Lost or forgotten password]

AD1881A

2005-10-14T05:17:42Z

Hendry: /* Linux ALSA driver */

__NOTOC__
{| width="100%"
|style="vertical-align:top" |
<div style="margin: 0; margin-right:10px; border: 1px solid #dfdfdf; padding: 0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#F8F8FF; align:right;">
=== AD1881A ===
This is a Analog Devices AC'97 Audio controller

=== Features ===
* Chipset: AD1881A
* Interface: AC'97
</div>
|style="vertical-align:top" |
|}

=== Linux OSS driver ===
This sound chip is supported by the i810_audio kernel module.

=== Linux ALSA driver ===
This sound chip is supported by the '''snd_intel8x0''' kernel module.

==== Debian Tip ====

apt-get install linux-sound-base
sudo dpkg-reconfigure linux-sound-base

Choose ALSA

Try play a file like so:
ogg123 -d alsa09 01.Somewhere_Only_We_Know.ogg

Hints on modules you need to have loaded:

frodo$ lsmod | grep intel
snd_intel8x0 34016 0
snd_ac97_codec 83960 1 snd_intel8x0
snd_pcm 93416 2 snd_intel8x0,snd_ac97_codec
snd 56260 4 snd_intel8x0,snd_ac97_codec,snd_pcm,snd_timer
intel_agp 24092 1
snd_page_alloc 9860 2 snd_intel8x0,snd_pcm
agpgart 35560 2 drm,intel_agp
frodo$ uname -a
Linux frodo 2.6.12-1-686 #1 Tue Sep 27 12:52:50 JST 2005 i686 GNU/Linux

With ALSA you can play more than one track at once, for mixing or for just playing an MP3 while playing a game.

=== ThinkPad's this chip may be found in ===
* {{A31}}, {{A31p}}
* {{R31}}, {{R32}}
* {{T30}}

[[Category:Components]]

AD1881A

2005-10-14T05:17:06Z

Hendry: /* Linux ALSA driver */

__NOTOC__
{| width="100%"
|style="vertical-align:top" |
<div style="margin: 0; margin-right:10px; border: 1px solid #dfdfdf; padding: 0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#F8F8FF; align:right;">
=== AD1881A ===
This is a Analog Devices AC'97 Audio controller

=== Features ===
* Chipset: AD1881A
* Interface: AC'97
</div>
|style="vertical-align:top" |
|}

=== Linux OSS driver ===
This sound chip is supported by the i810_audio kernel module.

=== Linux ALSA driver ===
This sound chip is supported by the snd-intel8x0 kernel module.

==== Debian Tip ====

apt-get install linux-sound-base
sudo dpkg-reconfigure linux-sound-base

Choose ALSA

Try play a file like so:
ogg123 -d alsa09 01.Somewhere_Only_We_Know.ogg

Hints on modules you need to have loaded:

frodo$ lsmod | grep intel
snd_intel8x0 34016 0
snd_ac97_codec 83960 1 snd_intel8x0
snd_pcm 93416 2 snd_intel8x0,snd_ac97_codec
snd 56260 4 snd_intel8x0,snd_ac97_codec,snd_pcm,snd_timer
intel_agp 24092 1
snd_page_alloc 9860 2 snd_intel8x0,snd_pcm
agpgart 35560 2 drm,intel_agp
frodo$ uname -a
Linux frodo 2.6.12-1-686 #1 Tue Sep 27 12:52:50 JST 2005 i686 GNU/Linux

With ALSA you can play more than one track at once, for mixing or for just playing an MP3 while playing a game.

=== ThinkPad's this chip may be found in ===
* {{A31}}, {{A31p}}
* {{R31}}, {{R32}}
* {{T30}}

[[Category:Components]]

Cisco Aironet Wireless 802.11b

2005-08-03T07:33:20Z

Hendry: /* Known problems */

__NOTOC__
{| width="100%"
|style="vertical-align:top" |
<div style="margin: 0; margin-right:10px; border: 1px solid #dfdfdf; padding: 0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#F8F8FF; align:right;">
=== Cisco Aironet Wireless 802.11b ===
This is a Mini-PCI WiFi Adapter that is installed in a Mini-PCI slot.
=== Features ===
* Chipset: Cisco
* IEEE Standards: 802.11b
* PCI ID: 14b9:a504<br>
</div>
|style="vertical-align:top" |
[[image:mini-pci-wifi-card.gif|Mini-PCI WiFi Adapter]]
|}
=== IBM Partnumbers ===
IBM Order PN (WW): 31P8301<br>
IBM Order PN (Japan): 31P8302<br>
IBM Order PN (EMEA): 31P8303<br>
IBM Order PN (China): 31P8304<br>
IBM FRU PN (WW): 26P8319, 26P8435, 26P8496<br>
IBM FRU PN (Japan): 26P8323, 26P8369, 26P8500<br>
IBM FRU PN (EMEA): 26P8321, 26P8367, 26P8498<br>
IBM FRU PN (China): 26P8325, 26P8371, 26P8502<br>
Other IBM FRU PN: 91P7406,91P7408,91P7410,26P7412

=== Also known (in IBM literature) as.... ===
* Cisco Aironet Wireless 802.11b Mini PCI
* 802.11b Cisco Wireless Card (Sherman III)

=== Linux WiFi driver ===
A opensource Linux 'airo' driver is available, and included in recent 2.6 kernels.<br>
There is a [http://airo-linux.sourceforge.net/ sourceforge] project page for this driver, but it seems unmaintained.<br>
One of the developers has his own project page [http://bellet.info/laptop/t40.html#wireless here], but there have not been any updates since September 2004.

In addition there is a slightly dated driver available from [http://www.cisco.com/pcgi-bin/tablebuild.pl/aironet-utils-linux Cisco] after jumping through a bunch of hoops, such as providing Cisco with your personal information.<br>
The current Cisco driver version is 2.1 and only supports select Linux 2.4 kernels.<br>

=== Known problems ===
Certain (more recent) [http://bellet.info/laptop/airo_mpi.HOWTO.txt firmwares] do not work with the airo driver. Evidently there is a Windows tool where you can modify the firmware, but if you've already nuked your win32 partition like I have, you'll be in a pickle. There also have been reports that the Window driver auto-magically updates the firmware, so if you dual boot between operating systems one day your Wireless under the Linux kernel may stop working. Get firmware information from {{path|/proc/driver/aironet/eth1/Status}}

=== ThinkPad's this card may be found in ===
* {{R32}}
* {{R40}}, {{R40e}}
* {{T30}}
* {{T40}}, {{T40p}}, {{T41}}, {{T41p}}, {{T42}}, {{T42p}}
* {{X30}}, {{X31}}

===External Sources===
*Specifications: [http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?lndocid=MIGR-44122 MIGR-44122]
*Users Guide: [http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?lndocid=MIGR-44107 MIGR-44107]
*Service Parts: [http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?lndocid=MIGR-44128 MIGR-44128]
*[http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?lndocid=MIGR-51424 IBMs page on Wireless configuration under Linux]

[[Category:Components]]

Known Problems

2005-08-03T07:13:54Z

Hendry: /* Network Problems */

Information on known problems with certain Thinkpad models.

Choose (or create) a problem:

===Display Problems===
*[[Problem with red tinted display | Red tint problem]] (TP 23)

*[[Problem with red display shadow | Red shadow problem]] (TP T41p)

*[[Problem with DVI throughput | Problem with DVI throughput on port replicators and docks]] (models from 2000-2004)

*[[Problem with garbled screen | Garbled screen problem]]

*[[Problem with video related system lockup | Video-related system lockups]] (TP T2x)

*[[Problem with black X | Unmovable square black X in X]] (TP T2x)

*[[Problem with Pixel Error | Dead pixels on TFT displays ]] (all models)

*[http://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=2000 X/Radeon makes Fn+F7 not function] (Xorg-X11 bug report)

===Network Problems===
*[[Problem with 3Com 10/100 Ethernet card not being recognized]] (models with that card)
*[[Cisco_Aironet_Wireless_802.11b]] fails to work with certain firmwares

===Power Management/AC-adapter/Battery Problems===
*[[Problem with Thinkpad 600 batteries | Battery problem]] (TP 600/E/X)

*[[Problem with fan noise | Fan noise problem]] (TP T4x/p, TP R5x/p)

*[[Problem with high power drain in ACPI sleep | High power drain in ACPI sleep]] (various models)

*[[Problem with LCD backlight remaining on during ACPI sleep | LCD backlight remaining on during ACPI sleep]] (various models)

*[[Problem with display remaining black after resume|Blank display after resume]] (various models)

*[[Damage in 56W AC-Adapter, plastic housing melted |Damage in 56W AC-Adapter, plastic housing melted]] (240, 390, i and s models)

===Sound Problems===
*[[Problem with broken sound on ThinkPad 600 | Broken sound on ThinkPad 600/E]] (TP 600/E/X, 770Z)

===Misc Problems===
*[[Problem with lm-sensors | Problem with lm_sensors]] (TP 570E, 770X/Z, 600E/X, 240, X20)
*[[Problem with high pitch noises | High pitch noises]] (several models)
*[[Problem with hard drive clicking | Clicking Hard Drive]] (T4x models and other models which ship with Hitachi's 5k80 hard drive)
*[[Problem with Dock USB Ports | Dock USB Ports]] (T30)
*[[Problem with USB 2.0 | USB 2.0 problems]] (T4x)

[[de:Bekannte_Probleme]]

Cisco Aironet Wireless 802.11b

2005-08-03T07:11:26Z

Hendry: /* Known problems */

__NOTOC__
{| width="100%"
|style="vertical-align:top" |
<div style="margin: 0; margin-right:10px; border: 1px solid #dfdfdf; padding: 0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#F8F8FF; align:right;">
=== Cisco Aironet Wireless 802.11b ===
This is a Mini-PCI WiFi Adapter that is installed in a Mini-PCI slot.
=== Features ===
* Chipset: Cisco
* IEEE Standards: 802.11b
* PCI ID: 14b9:a504<br>
</div>
|style="vertical-align:top" |
[[image:mini-pci-wifi-card.gif|Mini-PCI WiFi Adapter]]
|}
=== IBM Partnumbers ===
IBM Order PN (WW): 31P8301<br>
IBM Order PN (Japan): 31P8302<br>
IBM Order PN (EMEA): 31P8303<br>
IBM Order PN (China): 31P8304<br>
IBM FRU PN (WW): 26P8319, 26P8435, 26P8496<br>
IBM FRU PN (Japan): 26P8323, 26P8369, 26P8500<br>
IBM FRU PN (EMEA): 26P8321, 26P8367, 26P8498<br>
IBM FRU PN (China): 26P8325, 26P8371, 26P8502<br>
Other IBM FRU PN: 91P7406,91P7408,91P7410,26P7412

=== Also known (in IBM literature) as.... ===
* Cisco Aironet Wireless 802.11b Mini PCI
* 802.11b Cisco Wireless Card (Sherman III)

=== Linux WiFi driver ===
A opensource Linux 'airo' driver is available, and included in recent 2.6 kernels.<br>
There is a [http://airo-linux.sourceforge.net/ sourceforge] project page for this driver, but it seems unmaintained.<br>
One of the developers has his own project page [http://bellet.info/laptop/t40.html#wireless here], but there have not been any updates since September 2004.

In addition there is a slightly dated driver available from [http://www.cisco.com/pcgi-bin/tablebuild.pl/aironet-utils-linux Cisco] after jumping through a bunch of hoops, such as providing Cisco with your personal information.<br>
The current Cisco driver version is 2.1 and only supports select Linux 2.4 kernels.<br>

=== Known problems ===
Certain (more recent) [http://bellet.info/laptop/airo_mpi.HOWTO.txt firmwares] do not work with the airo driver. Evidently there is a Windows tool where you can modify the firmware, but if you've already nuked your win32 partition like I have, you'll be in a pickle. There also have been reports that the Window driver auto-magically updates the firmware, so if you dual boot between operating systems one day your Wireless under the Linux kernel may stop working. Get firmware information from {{path|/proc/airo/eth1/Status}}

=== ThinkPad's this card may be found in ===
* {{R32}}
* {{R40}}, {{R40e}}
* {{T30}}
* {{T40}}, {{T40p}}, {{T41}}, {{T41p}}, {{T42}}, {{T42p}}
* {{X30}}, {{X31}}

===External Sources===
*Specifications: [http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?lndocid=MIGR-44122 MIGR-44122]
*Users Guide: [http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?lndocid=MIGR-44107 MIGR-44107]
*Service Parts: [http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?lndocid=MIGR-44128 MIGR-44128]
*[http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?lndocid=MIGR-51424 IBMs page on Wireless configuration under Linux]

[[Category:Components]]

Cisco Aironet Wireless 802.11b

2005-08-03T07:10:54Z

Hendry: /* Linux WiFi driver */

__NOTOC__
{| width="100%"
|style="vertical-align:top" |
<div style="margin: 0; margin-right:10px; border: 1px solid #dfdfdf; padding: 0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#F8F8FF; align:right;">
=== Cisco Aironet Wireless 802.11b ===
This is a Mini-PCI WiFi Adapter that is installed in a Mini-PCI slot.
=== Features ===
* Chipset: Cisco
* IEEE Standards: 802.11b
* PCI ID: 14b9:a504<br>
</div>
|style="vertical-align:top" |
[[image:mini-pci-wifi-card.gif|Mini-PCI WiFi Adapter]]
|}
=== IBM Partnumbers ===
IBM Order PN (WW): 31P8301<br>
IBM Order PN (Japan): 31P8302<br>
IBM Order PN (EMEA): 31P8303<br>
IBM Order PN (China): 31P8304<br>
IBM FRU PN (WW): 26P8319, 26P8435, 26P8496<br>
IBM FRU PN (Japan): 26P8323, 26P8369, 26P8500<br>
IBM FRU PN (EMEA): 26P8321, 26P8367, 26P8498<br>
IBM FRU PN (China): 26P8325, 26P8371, 26P8502<br>
Other IBM FRU PN: 91P7406,91P7408,91P7410,26P7412

=== Also known (in IBM literature) as.... ===
* Cisco Aironet Wireless 802.11b Mini PCI
* 802.11b Cisco Wireless Card (Sherman III)

=== Linux WiFi driver ===
A opensource Linux 'airo' driver is available, and included in recent 2.6 kernels.<br>
There is a [http://airo-linux.sourceforge.net/ sourceforge] project page for this driver, but it seems unmaintained.<br>
One of the developers has his own project page [http://bellet.info/laptop/t40.html#wireless here], but there have not been any updates since September 2004.

In addition there is a slightly dated driver available from [http://www.cisco.com/pcgi-bin/tablebuild.pl/aironet-utils-linux Cisco] after jumping through a bunch of hoops, such as providing Cisco with your personal information.<br>
The current Cisco driver version is 2.1 and only supports select Linux 2.4 kernels.<br>

=== Known problems ===
Certain (more recent) [http://bellet.info/laptop/airo_mpi.HOWTO.txt firmwares] do not work with the airo driver. Everdently there is a Windows tool where you can modify the firmware, but if you've already nuked your win32 partition like I have, you'll be in a pickle. There also have been reports that the Window driver automagically updates the firmware, so if you dual boot between operating systems one day your Wireless under the Linux kernel may stop working. Get firmware information from {{path|/proc/airo/eth1/Status}}

=== ThinkPad's this card may be found in ===
* {{R32}}
* {{R40}}, {{R40e}}
* {{T30}}
* {{T40}}, {{T40p}}, {{T41}}, {{T41p}}, {{T42}}, {{T42p}}
* {{X30}}, {{X31}}

===External Sources===
*Specifications: [http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?lndocid=MIGR-44122 MIGR-44122]
*Users Guide: [http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?lndocid=MIGR-44107 MIGR-44107]
*Service Parts: [http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?lndocid=MIGR-44128 MIGR-44128]
*[http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?lndocid=MIGR-51424 IBMs page on Wireless configuration under Linux]

[[Category:Components]]

How to make use of Dynamic Frequency Scaling

2005-07-25T23:57:45Z

Hendry: Debian specific notes

==General==
Linux supports Dynamic Frequency Scaling for ThinkPads with mobile Pentium III, Pentium 4 and Pentium M processors.

==Debian notes==

Instead of compiling your own kernel, you can use the Debian "stock" kernel. In Unstable/SID the 2.6.12 kernel image with an /etc/modules that include:

battery
ac
thermal
processor
acpi-cpufreq
cpufreq-userspace

With the powernowd package and you should be setup.

===Configuring the Kernel===
====2.4 Kernels====
There were various frequency scaling implementations in the 2.4 series of kernels. They all were preliminary and a standard was rised with the introduction of the sysfs filesystem in 2.6 kernels. It is recommended to use a 2.6 kernel, if possible.

====2.6 Kernels====
You need to enable the cpu frequency scaling for your kernel (usually your distros kernel will have this enabled):
CONFIG_CPU_FREQ=y

You need to enable governors, if not already done in your distros default kernel:
CONFIG_CPU_FREQ_GOV_PERFORMANCE=y
CONFIG_CPU_FREQ_GOV_POWERSAVE=y
CONFIG_CPU_FREQ_GOV_USERSPACE=y

Since 2.6.10 there is the ondemand governor that does cpu frequency scaling in kernel so you dont need userspace programs like powernowd etc.
It can be enabled with:
CONFIG_CPU_FREQ_GOV_ONDEMAND=y

==Using the Sys Interface==

The files in {{path|/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/}} provide information and a means of controlling the frequency scaling subsystem.
Seed values are given in Khz. You need to be root to access the /sys filesystem.

Your max speed is at {{path|/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_max_freq}}.
:{{cmdroot|cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_max_freq}}
:{{cmdresult|700000}}
Your min speed is at {{path|/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_min_freq}}.
:{{cmdroot|cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_min_freq}}
:{{cmdresult|500000}}
You can write to {{path|/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_setspeed}} to change the current speed.
:{{cmdroot|echo 700000 > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_setspeed}}
:{{cmdroot|cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "cpu MHz"}}
:{{cmdresult|cpu MHz : 697.252}}
:{{cmdroot|echo 900000 > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_setspeed}}
:{{cmdroot|cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "cpu MHz"}}
:{{cmdresult|cpu MHz : 976.152}}

==Using Frequency Scaling Governors==
You can compile the scaling gouvernours into your kernel or compile it as module. You'll find the gouvernors with 'make menuconfig' here:
: <code>Power managemant options (ACPI, APM) ---></code>
:: <code>CPU Frequency scaling ---></code>

After booting the new kernel you can get a list of available governors with (as root):
:{{cmdroot|cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_available_governors}}
:{{cmdresult|conservative ondemand powersave userspace performance}}

A Short Overview over the available governors:
:;ondemand
::This driver is a dynamic cpufreq policy governor. It changes frequency based on the processor load.
:;conservative
::New since 2.6.12. Similar to ''ondemand''. Optimized for battery powered environments and AMD64.
:;powersave
::Like the name says, your battery would choose this one ;). It sets the Frequency always to the lowest available.
:;userspace
::You have to choose this one, if a [[#Using Frequency Scaling Daemons|frequency scaling daemon]] should manage your CPU frequency or you want to do it manually.
:;performance
::This governor sets your Frequency always to the highest available.

Now we set our governor:
What is our current governor?
:{{cmdroot|cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor}}
:{{cmdresult|userspace}}
Set new governor and watch if it has changed
:{{cmdroot|echo conservative > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor}}
:{{cmdroot|cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor}}
:{{cmdresult|conservative}}

Congrats! Your governor is active.

You may set the governor in your rc.local, to make it used on every boot.

Debian has no rc.local, so read [http://www.debian.org/doc/FAQ/ch-customizing.en.html#s-custombootscripts this] and [http://www.debian.org/doc/FAQ/ch-customizing.en.html#s-booting this]

==Using Frequency Scaling Daemons==
{{NOTE|It is recommended to use the ondemand frequency scaling governor, available in kernels from 2.6.10. See [[#Using Frequency Scaling Governors|above]]. If you do this you do not need a frequency scaling daemon}}

Don't forget to enable the userspace governor to have a userspace daemon do the frequency scaling. If it is built as module, load it as <tt>cpufreq-userspace</tt>.

There are plenty of userspace frequency scaling daemons available:

*[[How to configure cpufreqd | cpufreqd]]
*[[How to configure cpudynd | cpudynd]]
*[[How to configure speedfreqd | speedfreqd]]
*[[How to configure powersaved | powersaved]]
*[[How to configure powernowd | powernowd]]
*[[How to use cpufrequtils | cpufrequtils]]

==Troubleshooting==
*If you have a Coppermine-piix-smi based Thinkpads like from the A2x, X2x and T2x series you need to enable the <tt>speedstep-ich</tt> driver in the kernel and load it if it's built as module. You might want to look at [[How to get SpeedStep working on Coppermine-piix4-smi based Thinkpads | this page]].

*If you have a p4-class celeron based Thinkpad like the R40e you might want to look at [[How to get SpeedStep working on P4-class-Celeron based Thinkpads | this page]]

[[Category:570E]] [[Category:600X]] [[Category:A20m]] [[Category:A20p]] [[Category:A21e]] [[Category:A21m]] [[Category:A21p]] [[Category:A22e]] [[Category:A22m]] [[Category:A22p]] [[Category:G40]] [[Category:G41]] [[Category:R30]] [[Category:R31]] [[Category:R32]] [[Category:R40]] [[Category:R40e]] [[Category:R50]] [[Category:R50e]] [[Category:R50p]] [[Category:R51]] [[Category:R52]] [[Category:T20]] [[Category:T21]] [[Category:T22]] [[Category:T23]] [[Category:T30]] [[Category:T40]] [[Category:T40p]] [[Category:T41]] [[Category:T41p]] [[Category:T42]] [[Category:T42p]] [[Category:T43]] [[Category:T43p]] [[Category:X20]] [[Category:X21]] [[Category:X22]] [[Category:X23]] [[Category:X24]] [[Category:X30]] [[Category:X31]] [[Category:X32]] [[Category:X40]] [[Category:X41]] [[Category:X41 Tablet]]