ThinkWiki - User contributions [en]

PCMCIA

2005-07-10T00:01:23Z

84.191.164.30: /* Type II */

{| width="100%"
|style="vertical-align:top;padding-right:20px;width:10px;white-space:nowrap;" | __TOC__
|style="vertical-align:top" |
PCMCIA stands for Personal Computer Memory Card International Association. This industry association was founded in 1989 to develop a standard for credit card sized removable personal computer adapters known as PC Cards.

Most of the content on this page is based on the information found on http://www.pcmcia.org. Look there for more detailed descriptions.
|}

==PCMCIA Specifications==
The association has released the following PCMCIA specifications:

===PCMCIA 1.0===
Release in 1990, the first PCMCIA specification established the basic PC Card standards, namely the 68-pin Interface [[#Type I|Type I]] and [[#Type II|Type II]] and the Card Information Structure (CIS) Metaformat. It supported memory cards only.

===PCMCIA 2.0===
The 2.0 specification enhanced the memory card specifications and introduced support for I/O cards. It also added support for executing applications directly from the PC Card and defined card environmental requirements and standard test methods.

===PCMCIA 2.01===
Version 2.01 focussed on mass storage and digital image support by intrucing the [[#Type III|Type III]] form factor along with the PC Card ATA and other specifications. It also introduced the Card Services API.

===PCMCIA 2.1===
PCMCIA 2.1 enhanced the Card and Socket Services specifications as well as the Card Information Structure.

===PCMCIA 5.0===
Version 5.0, released in 1995, brought major enhancements to the PC Card definitions, most importantly in introduced the 32-bit CardBus Bus Mastering Interface, added support for Low Voltage-only Operation (3.3V), DMA, APM and multi-function cards.

===PCMCIA 5.01 to PCMCIA 5.04===
The most important improvements of the following minor releases were the introduced support for the Flash Translation Layer (FTL) as well as Custom Interfaces with the Zoomed Video (ZV Port) Custom Interface being the first one.

===PCMCIA 6.0 to PCMCIA 7.2===
Versions 6.0 to 7.2 of the specification added support for ISDN, Security and Instrumentation Cards as well as a couple of features and enhancements.

===PCMCIA 8.0===
In April 2001 version 8.0 introduced the CardBay specification that combines the USB and IEEE 1394 standards into the PC Card format.

==PC Card Types==
The PCMCIA specifications define three physical sizes of PC Cards, known as Type I to III. Taken aside cards with extended form factors (used to enable devices that need to have parts outside the slot like wireless antennas, CD-ROM drives etc.) all three types measure the same width and length and they all use the same 68-pin connector. They only differ from each other in their thickness. Of course a thinner card can be used in a thicker slot, but not the other way around.

===Type I===
*3.3mm thick
*typically used for memory devices such as RAM, Flash, OTP, and SRAM cards

===Type II===
*5.0mm thick
*typically used for I/O devices such as data/fax modems, network cards, and mass storage devices

===Type III===
*10.5mm thick
*typically used for thicker devices, such as rotating mass storage devices

==Data Transfer Rates==
The maximum throughput rates for PC Cards are as follows:
===16-bit Memory Transfers===
* Byte mode: 10 Mbytes/sec
* Word mode: 20 Mbytes/sec

===16-bit I/O Transfers===
* Byte mode: 3.92 Mbytes/sec
* Word mode: 7.84 Mbytes/sec

===CardBus===
* Byte mode: 33 Mbytes/sec
* Word mode: 66 Mbytes/sec
* DWord mode: 132 Mbytes/sec

==Bootup support==
It you can boot from a PCMCIA drive depends on the BIOS implementation of the host system as well as the implementation of the drives controller, aka the PC Card. They both have to support it.

==External Sources==
*[http://www.pcmcia.org PCMCIA Homepage]

[[Category:Glossary]]

PCMCIA

2005-07-10T00:00:22Z

84.191.164.30:

{| width="100%"
|style="vertical-align:top;padding-right:20px;width:10px;white-space:nowrap;" | __TOC__
|style="vertical-align:top" |
PCMCIA stands for Personal Computer Memory Card International Association. This industry association was founded in 1989 to develop a standard for credit card sized removable personal computer adapters known as PC Cards.

Most of the content on this page is based on the information found on http://www.pcmcia.org. Look there for more detailed descriptions.
|}

==PCMCIA Specifications==
The association has released the following PCMCIA specifications:

===PCMCIA 1.0===
Release in 1990, the first PCMCIA specification established the basic PC Card standards, namely the 68-pin Interface [[#Type I|Type I]] and [[#Type II|Type II]] and the Card Information Structure (CIS) Metaformat. It supported memory cards only.

===PCMCIA 2.0===
The 2.0 specification enhanced the memory card specifications and introduced support for I/O cards. It also added support for executing applications directly from the PC Card and defined card environmental requirements and standard test methods.

===PCMCIA 2.01===
Version 2.01 focussed on mass storage and digital image support by intrucing the [[#Type III|Type III]] form factor along with the PC Card ATA and other specifications. It also introduced the Card Services API.

===PCMCIA 2.1===
PCMCIA 2.1 enhanced the Card and Socket Services specifications as well as the Card Information Structure.

===PCMCIA 5.0===
Version 5.0, released in 1995, brought major enhancements to the PC Card definitions, most importantly in introduced the 32-bit CardBus Bus Mastering Interface, added support for Low Voltage-only Operation (3.3V), DMA, APM and multi-function cards.

===PCMCIA 5.01 to PCMCIA 5.04===
The most important improvements of the following minor releases were the introduced support for the Flash Translation Layer (FTL) as well as Custom Interfaces with the Zoomed Video (ZV Port) Custom Interface being the first one.

===PCMCIA 6.0 to PCMCIA 7.2===
Versions 6.0 to 7.2 of the specification added support for ISDN, Security and Instrumentation Cards as well as a couple of features and enhancements.

===PCMCIA 8.0===
In April 2001 version 8.0 introduced the CardBay specification that combines the USB and IEEE 1394 standards into the PC Card format.

==PC Card Types==
The PCMCIA specifications define three physical sizes of PC Cards, known as Type I to III. Taken aside cards with extended form factors (used to enable devices that need to have parts outside the slot like wireless antennas, CD-ROM drives etc.) all three types measure the same width and length and they all use the same 68-pin connector. They only differ from each other in their thickness. Of course a thinner card can be used in a thicker slot, but not the other way around.

===Type I===
*3.3mm thick
*typically used for memory devices such as RAM, Flash, OTP, and SRAM cards

===Type II===
*5.0mm thick
*typically used for I/O devices such as data/fax modems, LANs, and mass storage devices

===Type III===
*10.5mm thick
*typically used for thicker devices, such as rotating mass storage devices

==Data Transfer Rates==
The maximum throughput rates for PC Cards are as follows:
===16-bit Memory Transfers===
* Byte mode: 10 Mbytes/sec
* Word mode: 20 Mbytes/sec

===16-bit I/O Transfers===
* Byte mode: 3.92 Mbytes/sec
* Word mode: 7.84 Mbytes/sec

===CardBus===
* Byte mode: 33 Mbytes/sec
* Word mode: 66 Mbytes/sec
* DWord mode: 132 Mbytes/sec

==Bootup support==
It you can boot from a PCMCIA drive depends on the BIOS implementation of the host system as well as the implementation of the drives controller, aka the PC Card. They both have to support it.

==External Sources==
*[http://www.pcmcia.org PCMCIA Homepage]

[[Category:Glossary]]

Installation on ThinkPads without CD-ROM drive

2005-07-10T00:00:02Z

84.191.164.30:

{| width="100%"
|style="vertical-align:top;padding-right:20px;width:10px;white-space:nowrap;" | __TOC__
|style="vertical-align:top" |
Some ThinkPads like i.e. the whole X series come without a CD-ROM drive by default. Even though there are options to buy a solution like the UltraBase, a full dock or simply an external CD-ROM drive{{footnote|1}}, this is not the cheapest option and might not always be neccessary. Also, with some external CD-ROMs the problem might arise that the ThinkPad is not able to boot from them.

So the question arises how to get your system of choice onto that precious piece of hardware. This page should tell you about the possible solutions.

Since in most cases the installation base packages come on CD, you'll need a second computer, equipped with a CD-ROM drive, for all of those solutions.
|}

==Installation from USB drive==
This is probably the most easy approach.
*Connect the USB drive{{footnote|2}} to the host and format it.
*Get a bootable system and all needed installation files onto the USB drive, i.e. by copying the complete filesystem from your installation CD-ROM to the USB drive. Of course if your USB drive is not big enough for that you'll have to make more sofisticated choices about what to copy and what to leave behind.
*Insert the USB drive into the USB port of your ThinkPad.
*Power on the ThinkPad an press F12 to get to the boot menu.
*Select the USB drive as boot media and boot.
*Follow the installation process.

==Installation via network boot==
Thinkpads support PXE to boot off another system that is connected via [[Ethernet]]. In this case the ThinkPad acts as a network boot client, the other system as server. The idea is to boot a system on the server that the ThinkPad can boot into then by loading all required data directly from that server.

For this to work you will have to either have both the server and the ThinkPad connected in the same subnet of your LAN, or have them connected directly via a crossed Ethernet cable.

===using [[:Category:Knoppix|Knoppix]] on the server side===
*Insert the Knoppix CD into the server and boot it up.
*Make sure to boot with the 2.6 kernel by giving the <code>kernel26</code> boot option.
*Once your KDE desktop is loaded, look in the K-Menu hierarchy for the link to the terminal server setup.
*Launch the Terminal Server and make it use the appropriate network device.
*Power on your ThinkPad and press F12 to get to the boot menu.
*Select the ThinkPads network adapter as the boot media.
*The ThinkPad should now boot from the Knoppix Terminal Server directly.

==Installation from the internal harddrive==
The idea here is to have all required files allready on the internal harddrive when you power up your ThinkPad for installation, including of course a minimal system to boot up and start the installation process.

Convinient, but how do you get the files there?
*One option is to copy them via network boot (see above).
*Another one is to remove the harddrive from the ThinkPad and connect it to the other machine. Again, this can be achieved in several ways:
**putting the harddrive into an UltraBay secondary HDD adapter of a second ThinkPad
**putting the harddrive into an external casing and connect it to the second machine via USB, PCMCIA or whatever
**connecting the harddrive via a 2.5" (laptop) to 3.5" (desktop) harddrive adapter

Follow one of the following instructions.

===Installing [[:Category:Windows|Windows]] 2000 or XP===
*Attach the harddrive to the host computer and install a minimal bootable DOS system i.e. by booting a Win98 Emergency Boot Disk and performing the command "SYS X:" (where X = the laptop's harddrive).
*Copy FDISK.EXE to the laptop harddrive.
*Return the harddrive to the laptop and boot to DOS. (If you have Win98 installed by default, you can skip the first two steps and simply reboot in Windows to DOS.)
*Run FDISK and set up your new Windows system partition on this laptop. (If you do not do this on the laptop, after reboot you will receive the infamous "NTLDR IS MISSING" error.)
*Then return the drive to the host and format the drive as FAT32. (DO NOT format as NTFS.)
*Repeat the "SYS X:" step to make the new partition bootable.
*Get SMARTDRV.EXE from the internet and copy it to your Thinkpads harddrive.
*Also, from the Win2K or WinXP CD, copy the I386 folder to the harddrive.
*Return the laptop's harddrive to the Thinkpad one final time and boot to DOS.
*Run SMARTDRV.EXE first, then change directories to I386 and run WINNT.EXE, this will allow the installation to begin.
*During installation, choose NOT to format the destination partition, since it contains the installation files. If you want that filesystem to be NTFS you can convert it after installation from within Windows.

==External Sources==
*[http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/altinstall.xml Gentoo alternative installation method HOWTO]

{{footnotes|
#External CD-ROM drives typically are connected through USB or [[PCMCIA]]. Be aware that not all of these drives are capable of booting. USB connected drives are more likely to be bootable on a ThinkPad than PCMCIA connected ones.
#USB drive here means any kind of USB connected bootable data storage device, including external harddisk drives, memory card readers or memory sticks.
}}

[[Category:TransNote]] [[Category:560]] [[Category:570]] [[Category:570E]] [[Category:X20]] [[Category:X21]] [[Category:X22]] [[Category:X23]] [[Category:X24]] [[Category:X30]] [[Category:X31]] [[Category:X32]] [[Category:X40]] [[Category:X41]] [[Category:X41 Tablet]]

Installation on ThinkPads without CD-ROM drive

2005-07-09T23:58:04Z

84.191.164.30:

{| width="100%"
|style="vertical-align:top;padding-right:20px;width:10px;white-space:nowrap;" | __TOC__
|style="vertical-align:top" |Some ThinkPads like i.e. the whole X series come without a CD-ROM drive by default. Even though there are options to buy a solution like the UltraBase, a full dock or simply an external CD-ROM drive{{footnote|1}}, this is not the cheapest option and might not always be neccessary. Also, with some external CD-ROMs the problem might arise that the ThinkPad is not able to boot from them.

So the question arises how to get your system of choice onto that precious piece of hardware. This page should tell you about the possible solutions.

Since in most cases the installation base packages come on CD, you'll need a second computer, equipped with a CD-ROM drive, for all of those solutions.
|}

==Installation from USB drive==
This is probably the most easy approach.
*Connect the USB drive{{footnote|2}} to the host and format it.
*Get a bootable system and all needed installation files onto the USB drive, i.e. by copying the complete filesystem from your installation CD-ROM to the USB drive. Of course if your USB drive is not big enough for that you'll have to make more sofisticated choices about what to copy and what to leave behind.
*Insert the USB drive into the USB port of your ThinkPad.
*Power on the ThinkPad an press F12 to get to the boot menu.
*Select the USB drive as boot media and boot.
*Follow the installation process.

==Installation via network boot==
Thinkpads support PXE to boot off another system that is connected via [[Ethernet]]. In this case the ThinkPad acts as a network boot client, the other system as server. The idea is to boot a system on the server that the ThinkPad can boot into then by loading all required data directly from that server.

For this to work you will have to either have both the server and the ThinkPad connected in the same subnet of your LAN, or have them connected directly via a crossed Ethernet cable.

===using [[:Category:Knoppix|Knoppix]] on the server side===
*Insert the Knoppix CD into the server and boot it up.
*Make sure to boot with the 2.6 kernel by giving the <code>kernel26</code> boot option.
*Once your KDE desktop is loaded, look in the K-Menu hierarchy for the link to the terminal server setup.
*Launch the Terminal Server and make it use the appropriate network device.
*Power on your ThinkPad and press F12 to get to the boot menu.
*Select the ThinkPads network adapter as the boot media.
*The ThinkPad should now boot from the Knoppix Terminal Server directly.

==Installation from the internal harddrive==
The idea here is to have all required files allready on the internal harddrive when you power up your ThinkPad for installation, including of course a minimal system to boot up and start the installation process.

Convinient, but how do you get the files there?
*One option is to copy them via network boot (see above).
*Another one is to remove the harddrive from the ThinkPad and connect it to the other machine. Again, this can be achieved in several ways:
**putting the harddrive into an UltraBay secondary HDD adapter of a second ThinkPad
**putting the harddrive into an external casing and connect it to the second machine via USB, PCMCIA or whatever
**connecting the harddrive via a 2.5" (laptop) to 3.5" (desktop) harddrive adapter

Follow one of the following instructions.

===Installing [[:Category:Windows|Windows]] 2000 or XP===
*Attach the harddrive to the host computer and install a minimal bootable DOS system i.e. by booting a Win98 Emergency Boot Disk and performing the command "SYS X:" (where X = the laptop's harddrive).
*Copy FDISK.EXE to the laptop harddrive.
*Return the harddrive to the laptop and boot to DOS. (If you have Win98 installed by default, you can skip the first two steps and simply reboot in Windows to DOS.)
*Run FDISK and set up your new Windows system partition on this laptop. (If you do not do this on the laptop, after reboot you will receive the infamous "NTLDR IS MISSING" error.)
*Then return the drive to the host and format the drive as FAT32. (DO NOT format as NTFS.)
*Repeat the "SYS X:" step to make the new partition bootable.
*Get SMARTDRV.EXE from the internet and copy it to your Thinkpads harddrive.
*Also, from the Win2K or WinXP CD, copy the I386 folder to the harddrive.
*Return the laptop's harddrive to the Thinkpad one final time and boot to DOS.
*Run SMARTDRV.EXE first, then change directories to I386 and run WINNT.EXE, this will allow the installation to begin.
*During installation, choose NOT to format the destination partition, since it contains the installation files. If you want that filesystem to be NTFS you can convert it after installation from within Windows.

==External Sources==
*[http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/altinstall.xml Gentoo alternative installation method HOWTO]

{{footnotes|
#External CD-ROM drives typically are connected through USB or [[PCMCIA]]. Be aware that not all of these drives are capable of booting. USB connected drives are more likely to be bootable on a ThinkPad than PCMCIA connected ones.
#USB drive here means any kind of USB connected bootable data storage device, including external harddisk drives, memory card readers or memory sticks.
}}

[[Category:TransNote]] [[Category:560]] [[Category:570]] [[Category:570E]] [[Category:X20]] [[Category:X21]] [[Category:X22]] [[Category:X23]] [[Category:X24]] [[Category:X30]] [[Category:X31]] [[Category:X32]] [[Category:X40]] [[Category:X41]] [[Category:X41 Tablet]]

Installation on ThinkPads without CD-ROM drive

2005-07-09T23:57:44Z

84.191.164.30:

{| width="100%"
|style="vertical-align:top;padding-right:20px;width:10px;white-space:nowrap;" | __TOC__
|style="vertical-align:top" |Some ThinkPads like i.e. the whole X series come without a CD-ROM drive by default. Even though there are options to buy a solution like the UltraBase, a full dock or simply an external CD-ROM drive{{footnote|1}}, this is not the cheapest option and might not always be neccessary. Also, with some external CD-ROMs the problem might arise that the ThinkPad is not able to boot from them.

So the question arises how to get your system of choice onto that precious piece of hardware. This page should tell you about the possible solutions.

Since in most cases the installation base packages come on CD, you'll need a second computer, equipped with a CD-ROM drive, for all of those solutions.
|}

==Installation from USB drive{{footnote|2}}==
This is probably the most easy approach.
*Connect the USB drive to the host and format it.
*Get a bootable system and all needed installation files onto the USB drive, i.e. by copying the complete filesystem from your installation CD-ROM to the USB drive. Of course if your USB drive is not big enough for that you'll have to make more sofisticated choices about what to copy and what to leave behind.
*Insert the USB drive into the USB port of your ThinkPad.
*Power on the ThinkPad an press F12 to get to the boot menu.
*Select the USB drive as boot media and boot.
*Follow the installation process.

==Installation via network boot==
Thinkpads support PXE to boot off another system that is connected via [[Ethernet]]. In this case the ThinkPad acts as a network boot client, the other system as server. The idea is to boot a system on the server that the ThinkPad can boot into then by loading all required data directly from that server.

For this to work you will have to either have both the server and the ThinkPad connected in the same subnet of your LAN, or have them connected directly via a crossed Ethernet cable.

===using [[:Category:Knoppix|Knoppix]] on the server side===
*Insert the Knoppix CD into the server and boot it up.
*Make sure to boot with the 2.6 kernel by giving the <code>kernel26</code> boot option.
*Once your KDE desktop is loaded, look in the K-Menu hierarchy for the link to the terminal server setup.
*Launch the Terminal Server and make it use the appropriate network device.
*Power on your ThinkPad and press F12 to get to the boot menu.
*Select the ThinkPads network adapter as the boot media.
*The ThinkPad should now boot from the Knoppix Terminal Server directly.

==Installation from the internal harddrive==
The idea here is to have all required files allready on the internal harddrive when you power up your ThinkPad for installation, including of course a minimal system to boot up and start the installation process.

Convinient, but how do you get the files there?
*One option is to copy them via network boot (see above).
*Another one is to remove the harddrive from the ThinkPad and connect it to the other machine. Again, this can be achieved in several ways:
**putting the harddrive into an UltraBay secondary HDD adapter of a second ThinkPad
**putting the harddrive into an external casing and connect it to the second machine via USB, PCMCIA or whatever
**connecting the harddrive via a 2.5" (laptop) to 3.5" (desktop) harddrive adapter

Follow one of the following instructions.

===Installing [[:Category:Windows|Windows]] 2000 or XP===
*Attach the harddrive to the host computer and install a minimal bootable DOS system i.e. by booting a Win98 Emergency Boot Disk and performing the command "SYS X:" (where X = the laptop's harddrive).
*Copy FDISK.EXE to the laptop harddrive.
*Return the harddrive to the laptop and boot to DOS. (If you have Win98 installed by default, you can skip the first two steps and simply reboot in Windows to DOS.)
*Run FDISK and set up your new Windows system partition on this laptop. (If you do not do this on the laptop, after reboot you will receive the infamous "NTLDR IS MISSING" error.)
*Then return the drive to the host and format the drive as FAT32. (DO NOT format as NTFS.)
*Repeat the "SYS X:" step to make the new partition bootable.
*Get SMARTDRV.EXE from the internet and copy it to your Thinkpads harddrive.
*Also, from the Win2K or WinXP CD, copy the I386 folder to the harddrive.
*Return the laptop's harddrive to the Thinkpad one final time and boot to DOS.
*Run SMARTDRV.EXE first, then change directories to I386 and run WINNT.EXE, this will allow the installation to begin.
*During installation, choose NOT to format the destination partition, since it contains the installation files. If you want that filesystem to be NTFS you can convert it after installation from within Windows.

==External Sources==
*[http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/altinstall.xml Gentoo alternative installation method HOWTO]

{{footnotes|
#External CD-ROM drives typically are connected through USB or [[PCMCIA]]. Be aware that not all of these drives are capable of booting. USB connected drives are more likely to be bootable on a ThinkPad than PCMCIA connected ones.
#USB drive here means any kind of USB connected bootable data storage device, including external harddisk drives, memory card readers or memory sticks.
}}

[[Category:TransNote]] [[Category:560]] [[Category:570]] [[Category:570E]] [[Category:X20]] [[Category:X21]] [[Category:X22]] [[Category:X23]] [[Category:X24]] [[Category:X30]] [[Category:X31]] [[Category:X32]] [[Category:X40]] [[Category:X41]] [[Category:X41 Tablet]]

PCMCIA

2005-07-09T23:56:23Z

84.191.164.30:

PCMCIA stands for Personal Computer Memory Card International Association. This industry association was founded in 1989 to develop a standard for credit card sized removable personal computer adapters known as PC Cards.

Most of the content on this page is based on the information found on http://www.pcmcia.org. Look there for more detailed descriptions.

==PCMCIA Specifications==
The association has released the following PCMCIA specifications:

===PCMCIA 1.0===
Release in 1990, the first PCMCIA specification established the basic PC Card standards, namely the 68-pin Interface [[#Type I|Type I]] and [[#Type II|Type II]] and the Card Information Structure (CIS) Metaformat. It supported memory cards only.

===PCMCIA 2.0===
The 2.0 specification enhanced the memory card specifications and introduced support for I/O cards. It also added support for executing applications directly from the PC Card and defined card environmental requirements and standard test methods.

===PCMCIA 2.01===
Version 2.01 focussed on mass storage and digital image support by intrucing the [[#Type III|Type III]] form factor along with the PC Card ATA and other specifications. It also introduced the Card Services API.

===PCMCIA 2.1===
PCMCIA 2.1 enhanced the Card and Socket Services specifications as well as the Card Information Structure.

===PCMCIA 5.0===
Version 5.0, released in 1995, brought major enhancements to the PC Card definitions, most importantly in introduced the 32-bit CardBus Bus Mastering Interface, added support for Low Voltage-only Operation (3.3V), DMA, APM and multi-function cards.

===PCMCIA 5.01 to PCMCIA 5.04===
The most important improvements of the following minor releases were the introduced support for the Flash Translation Layer (FTL) as well as Custom Interfaces with the Zoomed Video (ZV Port) Custom Interface being the first one.

===PCMCIA 6.0 to PCMCIA 7.2===
Versions 6.0 to 7.2 of the specification added support for ISDN, Security and Instrumentation Cards as well as a couple of features and enhancements.

===PCMCIA 8.0===
In April 2001 version 8.0 introduced the CardBay specification that combines the USB and IEEE 1394 standards into the PC Card format.

==PC Card Types==
The PCMCIA specifications define three physical sizes of PC Cards, known as Type I to III. Taken aside cards with extended form factors (used to enable devices that need to have parts outside the slot like wireless antennas, CD-ROM drives etc.) all three types measure the same width and length and they all use the same 68-pin connector. They only differ from each other in their thickness. Of course a thinner card can be used in a thicker slot, but not the other way around.

===Type I===
*3.3mm thick
*typically used for memory devices such as RAM, Flash, OTP, and SRAM cards

===Type II===
*5.0mm thick
*typically used for I/O devices such as data/fax modems, LANs, and mass storage devices

===Type III===
*10.5mm thick
*typically used for thicker devices, such as rotating mass storage devices

==Data Transfer Rates==
The maximum throughput rates for PC Cards are as follows:
===16-bit Memory Transfers===
* Byte mode: 10 Mbytes/sec
* Word mode: 20 Mbytes/sec

===16-bit I/O Transfers===
* Byte mode: 3.92 Mbytes/sec
* Word mode: 7.84 Mbytes/sec

===CardBus===
* Byte mode: 33 Mbytes/sec
* Word mode: 66 Mbytes/sec
* DWord mode: 132 Mbytes/sec

==Bootup support==
It you can boot from a PCMCIA drive depends on the BIOS implementation of the host system as well as the implementation of the drives controller, aka the PC Card. They both have to support it.

==External Sources==
*[http://www.pcmcia.org PCMCIA Homepage]

[[Category:Glossary]]

PCMCIA

2005-07-09T23:55:58Z

84.191.164.30:

PCMCIA

2005-07-09T23:31:07Z

84.191.164.30:

PCMCIA stands for Personal Computer Memory Card International Association. This industry association was founded in 1989 to develop a standard for credit card sized removable personal computer adapters known as PC Cards.

==PCMCIA Specifications==
The association has released the following PCMCIA specifications:

===PCMCIA 1.0===
Release in 1990, the first PCMCIA specification established the basic PC Card standards, namely the 68-pin Interface [[#Type I|Type I]] and [[#Type II|Type II] and the Card Information Structure (CIS) Metaformat. It supported memory cards only.

===PCMCIA 2.0===
The 2.0 specification enhanced the memory card specifications and introduced support for I/O cards. It also added definitions of Card Environmental Requirements and standard test methods.

===PCMCIA 2.01===
Version 2.01 focussed on mass storage and digital image support by intrucing the [[#Type III|Type III]] form factor along with the PC Card ATA and other specifications. It also introduced the Card Services API.

===PCMCIA 2.1===
PCMCIA 2.1 enhanced the Card and Socket Services specifications as well as the Card Information Structure.

===PCMCIA 5.0===
Version 5.0, released in 1995, brought major enhancements to the PC Card definitions, most importantly in introduced the 32-bit CardBus Bus Mastering Interface, added support for Low Voltage-only Operation (3.3V), DMA, APM and multi-function cards.

===PCMCIA 5.01 to PCMCIA 5.04===
The most important improvements of the following minor releases were the introduced support for the Flash Translation Layer (FTL) as well as Custom Interfaces with the Zoomed Video (ZV Port) Custom Interface being the first one.

===PCMCIA 6.0 to PCMCIA 7.2===
Versions 6.0 to 7.2 of the specification added support for ISDN, Security and Instrumentation Cards as well as a couple of features and enhancements.

===PCMCIA 8.0===
In April 2001 version 8.0 introduced the CardBay specification that combines the USB and IEEE 1394 standards into the PC Card format.

==PC Card Types==
The PCMCIA specifications define three physical sizes of PC Cards, known as Type I to III. Taken aside cards with extended form factors (used to enable devices that need to have parts outside the slot like wireless antennas, CD-ROM drives etc.) all three types measure the same width and length and they all use the same 68-pin connector. They only differ from each other in their thickness. Of course a thinner card can be used in a thicker slot, but not the other way around.

===Type I===
*3.3mm thick
*typically used for memory devices such as RAM, Flash, OTP, and SRAM cards

===Type II===
*5.0mm thick
*typically used for I/O devices such as data/fax modems, LANs, and mass storage devices

===Type III===
*10.5mm thick
*typically used for thicker devices, such as rotating mass storage devices

Installation on ThinkPads without CD-ROM drive

2005-07-09T22:06:22Z

84.191.164.30:

{| width="100%"
|style="vertical-align:top;padding-right:20px;width:10px;white-space:nowrap;" | __TOC__
|style="vertical-align:top" |Some ThinkPads like i.e. the whole X series come without a CD-ROM drive by default. Even though there are options to buy a solution like the UltraBase, a full dock or simply an external CD-ROM drive{{footnote|1}}, this is not the cheapest option and might not always be neccessary. Also, with some external CD-ROMs the problem might arise that the ThinkPad is not able to boot from them.

So the question arises how to get your system of choice onto that precious piece of hardware. This page should tell you about the possible solutions.

Since in most cases the installation base packages come on CD, you'll need a second computer, equipped with a CD-ROM drive, for all of those solutions.
|}

==Installation from USB drive{{footnote|2}}==
This is probably the most easy approach.
*Connect the USB drive to the host and format it.
*Get a bootable system and all needed installation files onto the USB drive, i.e. by copying the complete filesystem from your installation CD-ROM to the USB drive. Of course if your USB drive is not big enough for that you'll have to make more sofisticated choices about what to copy and what to leave behind.
*Insert the USB drive into the USB port of your ThinkPad.
*Power on the ThinkPad an press F12 to get to the boot menu.
*Select the USB drive as boot media and boot.
*Follow the installation process.

==Installation via network boot==
Thinkpads support PXE to boot off another system that is connected via [[Ethernet]]. In this case the ThinkPad acts as a network boot client, the other system as server. The idea is to boot a system on the server that the ThinkPad can boot into then by loading all required data directly from that server.

For this to work you will have to either have both the server and the ThinkPad connected in the same subnet of your LAN, or have them connected directly via a crossed Ethernet cable.

===using [[:Category:Knoppix|Knoppix]] on the server side===
*Insert the Knoppix CD into the server and boot it up.
*Make sure to boot with the 2.6 kernel by giving the <code>kernel26</code> boot option.
*Once your KDE desktop is loaded, look in the K-Menu hierarchy for the link to the terminal server setup.
*Launch the Terminal Server and make it use the appropriate network device.
*Power on your ThinkPad and press F12 to get to the boot menu.
*Select the ThinkPads network adapter as the boot media.
*The ThinkPad should now boot from the Knoppix Terminal Server directly.

==Installation from the internal harddrive==
The idea here is to have all required files allready on the internal harddrive when you power up your ThinkPad for installation, including of course a minimal system to boot up and start the installation process.

Convinient, but how do you get the files there?
*One option is to copy them via network boot (see above).
*Another one is to remove the harddrive from the ThinkPad and connect it to the other machine. Again, this can be achieved in several ways:
**putting the harddrive into an UltraBay secondary HDD adapter of a second ThinkPad
**putting the harddrive into an external casing and connect it to the second machine via USB, PCMCIA or whatever
**connecting the harddrive via a 2.5" (laptop) to 3.5" (desktop) harddrive adapter

Follow one of the following instructions.

===Installing [[:Category:Windows|Windows]] 2000 or XP===
*Attach the harddrive to the host computer and install a minimal bootable DOS system i.e. by booting a Win98 Emergency Boot Disk and performing the command "SYS X:" (where X = the laptop's harddrive).
*Copy FDISK.EXE to the laptop harddrive.
*Return the harddrive to the laptop and boot to DOS. (If you have Win98 installed by default, you can skip the first two steps and simply reboot in Windows to DOS.)
*Run FDISK and set up your new Windows system partition on this laptop. (If you do not do this on the laptop, after reboot you will receive the infamous "NTLDR IS MISSING" error.)
*Then return the drive to the host and format the drive as FAT32. (DO NOT format as NTFS.)
*Repeat the "SYS X:" step to make the new partition bootable.
*Get SMARTDRV.EXE from the internet and copy it to your Thinkpads harddrive.
*Also, from the Win2K or WinXP CD, copy the I386 folder to the harddrive.
*Return the laptop's harddrive to the Thinkpad one final time and boot to DOS.
*Run SMARTDRV.EXE first, then change directories to I386 and run WINNT.EXE, this will allow the installation to begin.
*During installation, choose NOT to format the destination partition, since it contains the installation files. If you want that filesystem to be NTFS you can convert it after installation from within Windows.

==External Sources==
*[http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/altinstall.xml Gentoo alternative installation method HOWTO]

{{footnotes|
#External CD-ROM drives typically are connected through USB or PCMCIA. Be aware that not all of these drives are capable of booting. USB connected drives are more likely to be bootable on a ThinkPad than PCMCIA connected ones.
#USB drive here means any kind of USB connected bootable data storage device, including external harddisk drives, memory card readers or memory sticks.
}}

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