ThinkWiki - User contributions [en]

Talk:Intel PRO/Wireless LAN 2100 3B Mini PCI Adapter

2005-07-01T15:11:54Z

84.191.151.7:

Why can i edit this page?
----
Because this is a [[Wikipedia:Wiki|Wiki]] just like Wikipedia. As such it has limited user rights management only and it is its very purpose that everyone can edit any page. Google for "wiki" or look at the Wikipedia page to get familiar with the concept.

Wyrfel
----

Intel PRO/Wireless LAN 2100 3B Mini PCI Adapter

2005-07-01T15:09:23Z

84.191.151.7: /* Intel PRO/Wireless LAN 2100 3B Mini PCI Adapter */

__NOTOC__
{| width="100%"
|style="vertical-align:top" |
<div style="margin: 0; margin-right:10px; border: 1px solid #dfdfdf; padding: 0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#F8F8FF; align:right;">
=== Intel PRO/Wireless LAN 2100 3B Mini PCI Adapter ===
This is a Mini-PCI WiFi Adapter that is installed in a Mini-PCI slot.

=== Features ===
* Chipset: Intel 2100
* IEEE Standards: 802.11b
* PCI ID: 8086:1043 
</div>
|style="vertical-align:top" |
[[image:mini-pci-wifi-card.gif|Mini-PCI WiFi Adapter]]
|}
=== IBM Partnumbers ===
IBM Option PN: 31P8601 
IBM FRU PN: 91P7143, 91P7267 
IBM FRU PN (WW): 91P7293 
IBM FRU PN (G40/G41): 91P7261, 26P8421

=== Also known (in IBM literature) as.... ===
* 802.11b Wireless Card
* 802.11b Wireless Card (Calexico-b)
* High Rate Wireless LAN Mini-PCI Adapter III
* 802.11b Actiontec Wireless Card
* 802.11b Actiontec Wireless Card (Braxton)

=== Linux WiFi driver ===
This adapter works with the [[ipw2100]] driver.

=== ThinkPad's this card may be found in ===
* {{G40}}, {{G41}}
* {{R40}}, {{R40e}}
* {{R50}}, {{R50e}}, {{R50p}}, {{R51}}, {{R52}}
* {{T40}}, {{T40p}}, {{T41}}, {{T41p}}, {{T42}}, {{T42p}}
* {{X31}}
* {{X40}}

=== Related Links ===
Specifications: [http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?lndocid=MIGR-50022 MIGR-50022] 
Users Guide: [http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?lndocid=MIGR-50108 MIGR-50108] 
Service Parts: [http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?lndocid=MIGR-50032 MIGR-50032]

[[Category:Components]]

Help:Editing

2005-07-01T12:20:03Z

84.191.151.7: /* use semantic formatting */ added info about footnote and footnotes templates

==general help==

For general help in editing please read [[Wikipedia:How_to_edit_a_page | Wikipedias "How to edit a page" page]].

==ThinkWiki editing policies==

===write with other users in your mind===
When you write an article, keep the following things in mind...
*Respect others. Try sticking to a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Npov neutral point of view]. Respect the work of other writers. Respect your (potential) readers.
*ThinkWiki is not only about the newest models. Try to write in a way that is open for older, newer and future models. This especially regards the structuring of the information you provide.
*ThinkWiki is not only about your Distro. Try to make clear if something you write is valid only for your specific linux distribution.
*Even though the article is written by you, it is a piece of information others might work on later. Try to avoid personal remarks in your articles.

===naming policies for new pages===
If you create a new page, please consider the following page naming policies. This is important to keep a persistent page naming scheme and hence to ensure that ThinkWiki still works well when it has grown more complex.

Page names (the links you create to point to the page) are used as the page Title. Considering these policies has the following advantages:
*the pages will have self-explaining titles
*in Category views like the Model view the links to the pages are expressively labeled and similar pages are sorted together
*the pages are more easily found in search engines like google

====general policies====
*It is allowed and in fact wanted that you use spaces within your page titles.
*The name you choose for the page should be as specific as its content will be. In other words...it should not be possible to write another page with more general content about the topic that your page title indicates.

====specific kinds of pages====
To sort similar pages together in the Model views, we start specific pages in defined ways.
The following table shows the naming schemes for several kinds of pages...
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
|+page naming schemes
! page type !! naming scheme !! example
|-
| Installation instructions overview for a model || Installation instructions for the <model> || Installation instructions for the Thinkpad T41p
|-
| Installation instructions for a specific distro on a model || Installing <distro> on a <model> || Installing Gentoo on a Thinkpad T41p
|-
| other HowTos || How to ... || How to get special keys to work
|-
| Problem descriptions || Problem with ... || Problem with lm-sensors
|-
| Drivers and Tools pages || <name of driver/tool> || ibm-acpi
|-
| Patches || Patch ... || Patch disabling ACPI C3
|-
| Components || <name of component as used by IBM> || IBM 11a/b/g Wireless LAN Mini PCI Adapter II
|-
| Distro pages || Category:<distro> || Category:SuSE
|-
| Thinkpad Models || Category:<Model without "Thinkpad"> || Category:T41p
|-
| Specifications || <type number-model number> || 2373-GHG
|-
|}

=== use semantic formatting ===
Please prefer semantic formatting over beauty. To help maintaining a formatting standard, you can use the following templates:
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
! syntax !! resulting output
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| <nowiki>{{cmd|command}}</nowiki> || {{cmd|command}}
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| <nowiki>{{cmdroot|command}}</nowiki> || {{cmdroot|command}}
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| <nowiki>{{HINT|A suggestion.}}</nowiki> || {{HINT|A suggestion.}}
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| <nowiki>{{NOTE|Take notice!}}</nowiki> || {{NOTE|Take notice!}}
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| <nowiki>{{WARN|Be careful!}}</nowiki> || {{WARN|Be careful!}}
|-
|<nowiki>{{key|Fn}}{{key|F4}}</nowiki> || {{key|Fn}}{{key|F4}}
|-
|<nowiki>{{ibmkey|Access IBM|#495988}} = {{ibmkey|ThinkPad|#494949}}</nowiki> || {{ibmkey|Access IBM|#495988}} = {{ibmkey|ThinkPad|#494949}}
|-
|<nowiki>to be commented{{footnote|1}}</nowiki> || to be commented{{footnote|1}}
|-
|<nowiki>{{footnotes|</nowiki> 
<nowiki>#first footnote</nowiki> 
<nowiki>#second footnote</nowiki> 
<nowiki>}}</nowiki>
|| {{footnotes|
#first footnote
#second footnote
}}
|}

Category:T43

2005-07-01T12:12:52Z

84.191.151.7:

{| width="100%"
|style="vertical-align:top" |
<div style="margin: 0; margin-right:10px; border: 1px solid #dfdfdf; padding: 0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#F8F8FF; align:right;">
=== ThinkPad T43 ===
This pages gives an overview of all ThinkPad T43 related topics.
==== Features ====
* Intel Pentium M 1.6, 1.73, 1.86 or 2.0GHz CPU
* One of the following graphics adapters:
** [[Intel Graphics Media Accelerator 900]]
** [[ATI Mobility Radeon X300]] with 64MB
* One of the following displays:
** 14.1" TFT display with 1024x768 resolution
** 14.1" TFT display with 1400x1050 resolution
** 15.0" TFT display with 1024x768 resolution
** 15.0" TFT display with 1400x1050 resolution
* 256 or 512MB memory standard
* 40, 60 or 80GB HDD{{footnote|1}}
* [[AD1981B|AD1981B AC'97 Audio controller]]
* [[Ethernet Controllers|Broadcom 10/100/1000 Ethernet]]
* [[UltraBay|UltraBay Slim]] with one of the following:
** DVD-ROM
** DVD-ROM/CD-RW Combo
** DVDÂ±RW
* CDC slot with one of the following:
** [[IBM Integrated 56K Modem (MDC-2)]]
** [[IBM Integrated Bluetooth IV with 56K Modem (BMDC-3)]]
* MiniPCI slot with one of the following:
** none (empty)
** [[IBM 11a/b/g Wireless LAN Mini PCI Adapter II]]
** [[Intel PRO/Wireless 2200BG Mini-PCI Adapter]]
** [[Intel PRO/Wireless 2915ABG Mini-PCI Adapter]]
* [[Embedded Security Subsystem|IBM Embedded Security Subsystem 2.0]]
* IBM Active Protection System
* [[Integrated Fingerprint Reader]] on select systems
* [[UltraNav]] (TrackPoint / Touchpad combo)
</div>
|style="vertical-align:top" |
[[Image:ThinkpadT43P.JPG|ThinkPad T43]]
|}
* [ftp://ftp.software.ibm.com/pc/pccbbs/mobiles_pdf/27r0949.pdf ThinkPad T43 - Hardware Maintenance Manual (for 1XXX series T43s) (February 2005)] (4,461,520 Bytes)
* [ftp://ftp.software.ibm.com/pc/pccbbs/mobiles_pdf/27r0700.pdf ThinkPad T43/p - Hardware Maintenance Manual (for 2XXX series T43s) (January 2005)] (4,534,423 Bytes)

{{footnotes|
#Those who have taken apart their T43s or replaced the hard drives noted that the HD is not physically SATA, even though it is supported under Linux as SATA. [http://mailman.linux-thinkpad.org/pipermail/linux-thinkpad/2005-April/025535.html ref] The T43 hardware maintenance manual describes the hard drive as IDE and not SATA.
}}

[[Category:Models]]

How to get special keys to work

2005-07-01T12:09:24Z

84.191.151.7:

==Overview==
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
! key !! standard function !! tools supporting key{{footnote|1}} !! configurability !! remarks
|-
| {{key|Fn}} || - || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || on release without completed key combination
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F3}} || blank screen || [[ibm-acpi]], [[thinkpad-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F4}} || suspend to ram || [[ibm-acpi]], [[thinkpad-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F5}} || switch bluetooth || [[ibm-acpi]], [[thinkpad-acpi]] || full || in models starting from 2002
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F7}} || switch display || [[thinkpad-acpi]], [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F8}} || toggle display expansion || [[thinkpad-acpi]], [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F9}} || eject from dock || [[thinkpad-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F12}} || hibernate || [[ibm-acpi]], [[thinkpad-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Pos1}} || brightness up || [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|End}} || brightness down || [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|PageUp}} || toggle thinklight || [[ibm-acpi]], [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Space}} || toggle zoom || [[tpb]] || full ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Access IBM|#495988}} or {{ibmkey|ThinkPad|#494949}} || help application || [[tpb]] || full ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Home|#494949}} || open web browser || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || only iSeries and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Search|#494949}} || open search application || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || only iSeries and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Mail|#494949}} || open mail application || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || only iSeries and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Favorites|#494949}} || open favorites || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || only iSeries and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Reload|#494949}} || reload web page || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || only iSeries and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Abort|#494949}} || abort loading page || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || only iSeries and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Backward|#494949}} || previous page || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || iSeries, ext. keyboards, Thinkpads starting from 2002
|-
| {{ibmkey|Forward|#494949}} || next page || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || iSeries, ext. keyboards, Thinkpads starting from 2002
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume up|#494949}} || volume up || [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume down|#494949}} || volume down || [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume mute|#494949}} || mute volume || [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Power|#494949}} || shutdown || [[ibm-acpi]] || full || triggered on pressing 3secs, but notebook goes off on 5sec press
|-
| Display lid || blank screen || [[ibm-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| Ultrabay lid || announce ultrabay change || [[ibm-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| Dock eject || eject from dock || [[ibm-acpi]] || full ||
|}

==Triggering key events==
===ibm-acpi events===
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
|+ events triggered by ibm-acpi for /etc/acpi/events files
! key !! event
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F3}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00001003
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F4}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00001004
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F12}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 0000100c
|-
| {{ibmkey|Power|#494949}} || button/power PWRF 00000080 xxxxxxxx
|-
| Display lid || button/lid LID 00000080 xxxxxxxx
|-
| Ultrabay eject || ibm/bay MSTR 00000003 00000000
|-
| Ultrabay inserted || ibm/bay MSTR 00000001 00000000
|}

===tpb configuration===
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
|+ configuration keywords for tpbrc
! key !! config keyword
|-
| {{ibmkey|Access IBM|#495988}} or {{ibmkey|ThinkPad|#494949}} || THINKPAD
|-
| {{ibmkey|Home|#494949}} || HOME
|-
| {{ibmkey|Search|#494949}} || SEARCH
|-
| {{ibmkey|Mail|#494949}} || MAIL
|-
| {{ibmkey|Favorites|#494949}} || FAVORITES
|-
| {{ibmkey|Reload|#494949}} || RELOAD
|-
| {{ibmkey|Abort|#494949}} || ABORT
|-
| {{ibmkey|Backward|#494949}} || BACKWARD
|-
| {{ibmkey|Forward|#494949}} || FORWARD
|-
| {{key|Fn}} || FN
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Space}} || CALLBACK (zoom on/off)
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|PageUp}} || CALLBACK (thinklight on/off)
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F7}} || CALLBACK (display lcd/crt/both)
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F8}} || CALLBACK (expand on/off)
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Home}} || CALLBACK (brightness <percent>)
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|End}} || CALLBACK (brightness <percent>)
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume up|#494949}} || CALLBACK (volume <percent>)
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume down|#494949}} || CALLBACK (volume <percent>)
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume mute|#494949}} || CALLBACK (mute on/off)
|}

To all parameter keywords should be assigned the full path to the executables supposed to be started on key press.
The exectable provided for the CALLBACK keyword should take the parameters given in parentheses and act according to them.
If you want to use xmodmap for the HOME, SEARCH, MAIL, FAVORITES, RELOAD, ABORT, BACKWARD, FORWARD and FN keys you should
provide a XEVENTS=off in your tpbrc.

===xmodmap configuration===
xmodmap enables you to edit the modifier map and keymap tables that are used to translate keycodes into keysyms.
Understood? Well, basically it allows you to give the X server a dictionary for the translation of keycodes like "97" into more human readable synonyms like "Home". This way xmodmap allows you to make the special keys of your keyboard known to X applications.

Usually you should write your keycode-keysym associations into the file ~/.Xmodmap. This file is usually read by the X session startup scripts of your system, so that the mappings automatically get included everytime you run the X server.

The ~/.Xmodmap lines for our purpose are in the form of
keycode <keycode> = <keysym>

The following table shows the keycodes generated by the Thinkpad special keys and sensible keysyms to assign them to.
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
|+ keycodes and recommended keysyms
! key !! keycode !! keysym
|-
| {{ibmkey|Backward|#494949}} || 234 || XF86Back or F21
|-
| {{ibmkey|Forward|#494949}} || 233 || XF86Forward or F22
|-
| {{ibmkey|Home|#494949}} || 178 || XF86HomePage
|-
| {{ibmkey|Search|#494949}} || 229 || XF86Search
|-
| {{ibmkey|Mail|#494949}} || 236 || XF86Mail
|-
| {{ibmkey|Favorites|#494949}} || 230 || XF86AddFavorite or XF86Favorites
|-
| {{ibmkey|Reload|#494949}} || 231 || XF86Reload
|-
| {{ibmkey|Abort|#494949}} || 232 || XF86Stop
|-
| {{key|Fn}} || 227 || F35
|}

(In case you want to use the browser keys in Firefox, you will have to assign the F21 and F22 or similar keysyms to them.)

Note: if you are running tpb you might need to add the line XEVENTS=off into your tpbrc to stop it from grabbing the key events and allow them to get through to X instead.

==Example Applications==
===Web Browsers===
====Firefox====
(First of all thanks go to Ryan Barrett for writing the little howto on his blog.) 
To have firefox make use of the browser keys you need to modify one of its files.
To do this you will first need to extract it from the browser.jar archive. Do...

{{cmdroot|cd <firefox-directory>/chrome}} 
{{cmdroot|unzip browser.jar}}

The file of interest is content/browser/browser.xul. Edit it...
{{cmdroot|vi content/browser/browser.xul}}

Look for the '''<keyset id="mainKeyset">''' section and add the following lines within...
<key id="goBackTP" keycode="VK_F21" command="Browser:Back" />
<key id="goForwardTP" keycode="VK_F22" command="Browser:Forward" />
No save the file and repackage the browser.jar archive...
{{cmdroot|zip -rD0 browser.jar content/browser/}}

That's it.

Another interesting Page on Firefox is http://dqd.com/~mayoff/notes/thinkpad/dqdnavkeys/ It uses different key mappings (F19 resp. F20) but a ready .xpi is provided which is pretty comfortable.

====Opera====
However this isn't simple configration file, you can set your browser manualy. 
Go to Tool > Settings > Mouse and keyboard > Keyboard settings > Edit > Browser Window. There add F21 - Back and F22 - Forward. Now you can surf using your TP keys ;-)

===Window Managers===
====fvwm====
To get the Backwards and Forwards keys to cycle through pages in the virtual desktop, add this to your .fvwmrc:
Key XF86Back A A Scroll -100000 0
Key XF86Forward A A Scroll +100000 0
If you use multiple virtual desktops, you could instead use the keys to flip between them by using GotoDesk.

====pekwm configuration====
You can make the two browser keys switch workspaces in pekwm, by adding the following two lines to the .pekwm/keys file:
KeyPress = "Mod1 XF86Back" { Actions = "GoToWorkspace prev" }
KeyPress = "Mod1 XF86Forward" { Actions = "GoToWorkspace next" }

====pwm====
Another example how to use these two keys to switch between pwm tabs. These two lines should be added to $HOME/.pwm/keys-default.conf or /etc/pwm/keys-default.conf:
kbind "Back", "switch_rot", -1
kbind "Forward", "switch_rot", 1

===Other Uses===
====Console tools configuraton====
To make the prev page / next page keys (located at the cursor keys on my T42p) useful in console, add this to your keymap (/etc/console/boottime.kmap.gz in Debian):
keycode 158 = Decr_Console
keycode 159 = Incr_Console

{{footnotes|
#if there are more than one tool listed, one is sufficient
}}

How to get special keys to work

2005-07-01T12:08:02Z

84.191.151.7: /* Overview */

==Overview==
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
! key !! standard function !! tools supporting key{{footnote|1}} !! configurability !! remarks
|-
| {{key|Fn}} || - || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || on release without completed key combination
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F3}} || blank screen || [[ibm-acpi]], [[thinkpad-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F4}} || suspend to ram || [[ibm-acpi]], [[thinkpad-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F5}} || switch bluetooth || [[ibm-acpi]], [[thinkpad-acpi]] || full || in models starting from 2002
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F7}} || switch display || [[thinkpad-acpi]], [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F8}} || toggle display expansion || [[thinkpad-acpi]], [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F9}} || eject from dock || [[thinkpad-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F12}} || hibernate || [[ibm-acpi]], [[thinkpad-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Pos1}} || brightness up || [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|End}} || brightness down || [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|PageUp}} || toggle thinklight || [[ibm-acpi]], [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Space}} || toggle zoom || [[tpb]] || full ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Access IBM|#495988}} or {{ibmkey|ThinkPad|#494949}} || help application || [[tpb]] || full ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Home|#494949}} || open web browser || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || only iSeries and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Search|#494949}} || open search application || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || only iSeries and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Mail|#494949}} || open mail application || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || only iSeries and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Favorites|#494949}} || open favorites || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || only iSeries and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Reload|#494949}} || reload web page || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || only iSeries and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Abort|#494949}} || abort loading page || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || only iSeries and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Backward|#494949}} || previous page || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || iSeries, ext. keyboards, Thinkpads starting from 2002
|-
| {{ibmkey|Forward|#494949}} || next page || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || iSeries, ext. keyboards, Thinkpads starting from 2002
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume up|#494949}} || volume up || [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume down|#494949}} || volume down || [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume mute|#494949}} || mute volume || [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Power|#494949}} || shutdown || [[ibm-acpi]] || full || triggered on pressing 3secs, but notebook goes off on 5sec press
|-
| Display lid || blank screen || [[ibm-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| Ultrabay lid || announce ultrabay change || [[ibm-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| Dock eject || eject from dock || [[ibm-acpi]] || full ||
|}
{{footnotes|
#if there are more than one tool listed, one is sufficient
}}

==Triggering key events==
===ibm-acpi events===
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
|+ events triggered by ibm-acpi for /etc/acpi/events files
! key !! event
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F3}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00001003
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F4}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00001004
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F12}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 0000100c
|-
| {{ibmkey|Power|#494949}} || button/power PWRF 00000080 xxxxxxxx
|-
| Display lid || button/lid LID 00000080 xxxxxxxx
|-
| Ultrabay eject || ibm/bay MSTR 00000003 00000000
|-
| Ultrabay inserted || ibm/bay MSTR 00000001 00000000
|}

===tpb configuration===
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
|+ configuration keywords for tpbrc
! key !! config keyword
|-
| {{ibmkey|Access IBM|#495988}} or {{ibmkey|ThinkPad|#494949}} || THINKPAD
|-
| {{ibmkey|Home|#494949}} || HOME
|-
| {{ibmkey|Search|#494949}} || SEARCH
|-
| {{ibmkey|Mail|#494949}} || MAIL
|-
| {{ibmkey|Favorites|#494949}} || FAVORITES
|-
| {{ibmkey|Reload|#494949}} || RELOAD
|-
| {{ibmkey|Abort|#494949}} || ABORT
|-
| {{ibmkey|Backward|#494949}} || BACKWARD
|-
| {{ibmkey|Forward|#494949}} || FORWARD
|-
| {{key|Fn}} || FN
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Space}} || CALLBACK (zoom on/off)
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|PageUp}} || CALLBACK (thinklight on/off)
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F7}} || CALLBACK (display lcd/crt/both)
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F8}} || CALLBACK (expand on/off)
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Home}} || CALLBACK (brightness <percent>)
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|End}} || CALLBACK (brightness <percent>)
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume up|#494949}} || CALLBACK (volume <percent>)
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume down|#494949}} || CALLBACK (volume <percent>)
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume mute|#494949}} || CALLBACK (mute on/off)
|}

To all parameter keywords should be assigned the full path to the executables supposed to be started on key press.
The exectable provided for the CALLBACK keyword should take the parameters given in parentheses and act according to them.
If you want to use xmodmap for the HOME, SEARCH, MAIL, FAVORITES, RELOAD, ABORT, BACKWARD, FORWARD and FN keys you should
provide a XEVENTS=off in your tpbrc.

===xmodmap configuration===
xmodmap enables you to edit the modifier map and keymap tables that are used to translate keycodes into keysyms.
Understood? Well, basically it allows you to give the X server a dictionary for the translation of keycodes like "97" into more human readable synonyms like "Home". This way xmodmap allows you to make the special keys of your keyboard known to X applications.

Usually you should write your keycode-keysym associations into the file ~/.Xmodmap. This file is usually read by the X session startup scripts of your system, so that the mappings automatically get included everytime you run the X server.

The ~/.Xmodmap lines for our purpose are in the form of
keycode <keycode> = <keysym>

The following table shows the keycodes generated by the Thinkpad special keys and sensible keysyms to assign them to.
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
|+ keycodes and recommended keysyms
! key !! keycode !! keysym
|-
| {{ibmkey|Backward|#494949}} || 234 || XF86Back or F21
|-
| {{ibmkey|Forward|#494949}} || 233 || XF86Forward or F22
|-
| {{ibmkey|Home|#494949}} || 178 || XF86HomePage
|-
| {{ibmkey|Search|#494949}} || 229 || XF86Search
|-
| {{ibmkey|Mail|#494949}} || 236 || XF86Mail
|-
| {{ibmkey|Favorites|#494949}} || 230 || XF86AddFavorite or XF86Favorites
|-
| {{ibmkey|Reload|#494949}} || 231 || XF86Reload
|-
| {{ibmkey|Abort|#494949}} || 232 || XF86Stop
|-
| {{key|Fn}} || 227 || F35
|}

(In case you want to use the browser keys in Firefox, you will have to assign the F21 and F22 or similar keysyms to them.)

Note: if you are running tpb you might need to add the line XEVENTS=off into your tpbrc to stop it from grabbing the key events and allow them to get through to X instead.

==Example Applications==
===Web Browsers===
====Firefox====
(First of all thanks go to Ryan Barrett for writing the little howto on his blog.) 
To have firefox make use of the browser keys you need to modify one of its files.
To do this you will first need to extract it from the browser.jar archive. Do...

{{cmdroot|cd <firefox-directory>/chrome}} 
{{cmdroot|unzip browser.jar}}

The file of interest is content/browser/browser.xul. Edit it...
{{cmdroot|vi content/browser/browser.xul}}

Look for the '''<keyset id="mainKeyset">''' section and add the following lines within...
<key id="goBackTP" keycode="VK_F21" command="Browser:Back" />
<key id="goForwardTP" keycode="VK_F22" command="Browser:Forward" />
No save the file and repackage the browser.jar archive...
{{cmdroot|zip -rD0 browser.jar content/browser/}}

That's it.

Another interesting Page on Firefox is http://dqd.com/~mayoff/notes/thinkpad/dqdnavkeys/ It uses different key mappings (F19 resp. F20) but a ready .xpi is provided which is pretty comfortable.

====Opera====
However this isn't simple configration file, you can set your browser manualy. 
Go to Tool > Settings > Mouse and keyboard > Keyboard settings > Edit > Browser Window. There add F21 - Back and F22 - Forward. Now you can surf using your TP keys ;-)

===Window Managers===
====fvwm====
To get the Backwards and Forwards keys to cycle through pages in the virtual desktop, add this to your .fvwmrc:
Key XF86Back A A Scroll -100000 0
Key XF86Forward A A Scroll +100000 0
If you use multiple virtual desktops, you could instead use the keys to flip between them by using GotoDesk.

====pekwm configuration====
You can make the two browser keys switch workspaces in pekwm, by adding the following two lines to the .pekwm/keys file:
KeyPress = "Mod1 XF86Back" { Actions = "GoToWorkspace prev" }
KeyPress = "Mod1 XF86Forward" { Actions = "GoToWorkspace next" }

====pwm====
Another example how to use these two keys to switch between pwm tabs. These two lines should be added to $HOME/.pwm/keys-default.conf or /etc/pwm/keys-default.conf:
kbind "Back", "switch_rot", -1
kbind "Forward", "switch_rot", 1

===Other Uses===
====Console tools configuraton====
To make the prev page / next page keys (located at the cursor keys on my T42p) useful in console, add this to your keymap (/etc/console/boottime.kmap.gz in Debian):
keycode 158 = Decr_Console
keycode 159 = Incr_Console

Template:Footnote

2005-07-01T12:07:25Z

84.191.151.7:

[[#footnotes|{{{1}}}]]

How to get special keys to work

2005-07-01T12:05:14Z

84.191.151.7: /* Overview */ it's not about being needed, it's about being possible

==Overview==
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
! key !! standard function !! tools supporting key[[#footnotes|1]] !! configurability !! remarks
|-
| {{key|Fn}} || - || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || on release without completed key combination
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F3}} || blank screen || [[ibm-acpi]], [[thinkpad-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F4}} || suspend to ram || [[ibm-acpi]], [[thinkpad-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F5}} || switch bluetooth || [[ibm-acpi]], [[thinkpad-acpi]] || full || in models starting from 2002
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F7}} || switch display || [[thinkpad-acpi]], [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F8}} || toggle display expansion || [[thinkpad-acpi]], [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F9}} || eject from dock || [[thinkpad-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F12}} || hibernate || [[ibm-acpi]], [[thinkpad-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Pos1}} || brightness up || [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|End}} || brightness down || [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|PageUp}} || toggle thinklight || [[ibm-acpi]], [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Space}} || toggle zoom || [[tpb]] || full ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Access IBM|#495988}} or {{ibmkey|ThinkPad|#494949}} || help application || [[tpb]] || full ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Home|#494949}} || open web browser || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || only iSeries and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Search|#494949}} || open search application || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || only iSeries and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Mail|#494949}} || open mail application || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || only iSeries and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Favorites|#494949}} || open favorites || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || only iSeries and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Reload|#494949}} || reload web page || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || only iSeries and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Abort|#494949}} || abort loading page || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || only iSeries and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Backward|#494949}} || previous page || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || iSeries, ext. keyboards, Thinkpads starting from 2002
|-
| {{ibmkey|Forward|#494949}} || next page || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || iSeries, ext. keyboards, Thinkpads starting from 2002
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume up|#494949}} || volume up || [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume down|#494949}} || volume down || [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume mute|#494949}} || mute volume || [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Power|#494949}} || shutdown || [[ibm-acpi]] || full || triggered on pressing 3secs, but notebook goes off on 5sec press
|-
| Display lid || blank screen || [[ibm-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| Ultrabay lid || announce ultrabay change || [[ibm-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| Dock eject || eject from dock || [[ibm-acpi]] || full ||
|}
{{footnotes|
#if there are more than one tool listed, one is sufficient
}}

==Triggering key events==
===ibm-acpi events===
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
|+ events triggered by ibm-acpi for /etc/acpi/events files
! key !! event
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F3}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00001003
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F4}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00001004
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F12}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 0000100c
|-
| {{ibmkey|Power|#494949}} || button/power PWRF 00000080 xxxxxxxx
|-
| Display lid || button/lid LID 00000080 xxxxxxxx
|-
| Ultrabay eject || ibm/bay MSTR 00000003 00000000
|-
| Ultrabay inserted || ibm/bay MSTR 00000001 00000000
|}

===tpb configuration===
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
|+ configuration keywords for tpbrc
! key !! config keyword
|-
| {{ibmkey|Access IBM|#495988}} or {{ibmkey|ThinkPad|#494949}} || THINKPAD
|-
| {{ibmkey|Home|#494949}} || HOME
|-
| {{ibmkey|Search|#494949}} || SEARCH
|-
| {{ibmkey|Mail|#494949}} || MAIL
|-
| {{ibmkey|Favorites|#494949}} || FAVORITES
|-
| {{ibmkey|Reload|#494949}} || RELOAD
|-
| {{ibmkey|Abort|#494949}} || ABORT
|-
| {{ibmkey|Backward|#494949}} || BACKWARD
|-
| {{ibmkey|Forward|#494949}} || FORWARD
|-
| {{key|Fn}} || FN
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Space}} || CALLBACK (zoom on/off)
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|PageUp}} || CALLBACK (thinklight on/off)
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F7}} || CALLBACK (display lcd/crt/both)
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F8}} || CALLBACK (expand on/off)
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Home}} || CALLBACK (brightness <percent>)
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|End}} || CALLBACK (brightness <percent>)
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume up|#494949}} || CALLBACK (volume <percent>)
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume down|#494949}} || CALLBACK (volume <percent>)
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume mute|#494949}} || CALLBACK (mute on/off)
|}

To all parameter keywords should be assigned the full path to the executables supposed to be started on key press.
The exectable provided for the CALLBACK keyword should take the parameters given in parentheses and act according to them.
If you want to use xmodmap for the HOME, SEARCH, MAIL, FAVORITES, RELOAD, ABORT, BACKWARD, FORWARD and FN keys you should
provide a XEVENTS=off in your tpbrc.

===xmodmap configuration===
xmodmap enables you to edit the modifier map and keymap tables that are used to translate keycodes into keysyms.
Understood? Well, basically it allows you to give the X server a dictionary for the translation of keycodes like "97" into more human readable synonyms like "Home". This way xmodmap allows you to make the special keys of your keyboard known to X applications.

Usually you should write your keycode-keysym associations into the file ~/.Xmodmap. This file is usually read by the X session startup scripts of your system, so that the mappings automatically get included everytime you run the X server.

The ~/.Xmodmap lines for our purpose are in the form of
keycode <keycode> = <keysym>

The following table shows the keycodes generated by the Thinkpad special keys and sensible keysyms to assign them to.
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
|+ keycodes and recommended keysyms
! key !! keycode !! keysym
|-
| {{ibmkey|Backward|#494949}} || 234 || XF86Back or F21
|-
| {{ibmkey|Forward|#494949}} || 233 || XF86Forward or F22
|-
| {{ibmkey|Home|#494949}} || 178 || XF86HomePage
|-
| {{ibmkey|Search|#494949}} || 229 || XF86Search
|-
| {{ibmkey|Mail|#494949}} || 236 || XF86Mail
|-
| {{ibmkey|Favorites|#494949}} || 230 || XF86AddFavorite or XF86Favorites
|-
| {{ibmkey|Reload|#494949}} || 231 || XF86Reload
|-
| {{ibmkey|Abort|#494949}} || 232 || XF86Stop
|-
| {{key|Fn}} || 227 || F35
|}

(In case you want to use the browser keys in Firefox, you will have to assign the F21 and F22 or similar keysyms to them.)

Note: if you are running tpb you might need to add the line XEVENTS=off into your tpbrc to stop it from grabbing the key events and allow them to get through to X instead.

==Example Applications==
===Web Browsers===
====Firefox====
(First of all thanks go to Ryan Barrett for writing the little howto on his blog.) 
To have firefox make use of the browser keys you need to modify one of its files.
To do this you will first need to extract it from the browser.jar archive. Do...

{{cmdroot|cd <firefox-directory>/chrome}} 
{{cmdroot|unzip browser.jar}}

The file of interest is content/browser/browser.xul. Edit it...
{{cmdroot|vi content/browser/browser.xul}}

Look for the '''<keyset id="mainKeyset">''' section and add the following lines within...
<key id="goBackTP" keycode="VK_F21" command="Browser:Back" />
<key id="goForwardTP" keycode="VK_F22" command="Browser:Forward" />
No save the file and repackage the browser.jar archive...
{{cmdroot|zip -rD0 browser.jar content/browser/}}

That's it.

Another interesting Page on Firefox is http://dqd.com/~mayoff/notes/thinkpad/dqdnavkeys/ It uses different key mappings (F19 resp. F20) but a ready .xpi is provided which is pretty comfortable.

====Opera====
However this isn't simple configration file, you can set your browser manualy. 
Go to Tool > Settings > Mouse and keyboard > Keyboard settings > Edit > Browser Window. There add F21 - Back and F22 - Forward. Now you can surf using your TP keys ;-)

===Window Managers===
====fvwm====
To get the Backwards and Forwards keys to cycle through pages in the virtual desktop, add this to your .fvwmrc:
Key XF86Back A A Scroll -100000 0
Key XF86Forward A A Scroll +100000 0
If you use multiple virtual desktops, you could instead use the keys to flip between them by using GotoDesk.

====pekwm configuration====
You can make the two browser keys switch workspaces in pekwm, by adding the following two lines to the .pekwm/keys file:
KeyPress = "Mod1 XF86Back" { Actions = "GoToWorkspace prev" }
KeyPress = "Mod1 XF86Forward" { Actions = "GoToWorkspace next" }

====pwm====
Another example how to use these two keys to switch between pwm tabs. These two lines should be added to $HOME/.pwm/keys-default.conf or /etc/pwm/keys-default.conf:
kbind "Back", "switch_rot", -1
kbind "Forward", "switch_rot", 1

===Other Uses===
====Console tools configuraton====
To make the prev page / next page keys (located at the cursor keys on my T42p) useful in console, add this to your keymap (/etc/console/boottime.kmap.gz in Debian):
keycode 158 = Decr_Console
keycode 159 = Incr_Console

How to get special keys to work

2005-07-01T11:59:21Z

84.191.151.7: /* Overview */

==Overview==
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
! key !! standard function !! tool[[#footnotes|1]] !! configurability !! remarks
|-
| {{key|Fn}} || - || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || on release without completed key combination
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F3}} || blank screen || [[ibm-acpi]], [[thinkpad-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F4}} || suspend to ram || [[ibm-acpi]], [[thinkpad-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F5}} || switch bluetooth || [[ibm-acpi]], [[thinkpad-acpi]] || full || in models starting from 2002
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F7}} || switch display || [[thinkpad-acpi]], [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F8}} || toggle display expansion || [[thinkpad-acpi]], [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F9}} || eject from dock || [[thinkpad-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F12}} || hibernate || [[ibm-acpi]], [[thinkpad-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Pos1}} || brightness up || [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|End}} || brightness down || [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|PageUp}} || toggle thinklight || [[ibm-acpi]], [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Space}} || toggle zoom || [[tpb]] || full ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Access IBM|#495988}} or {{ibmkey|ThinkPad|#494949}} || help application || [[tpb]] || full ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Home|#494949}} || open web browser || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || only iSeries and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Search|#494949}} || open search application || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || only iSeries and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Mail|#494949}} || open mail application || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || only iSeries and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Favorites|#494949}} || open favorites || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || only iSeries and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Reload|#494949}} || reload web page || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || only iSeries and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Abort|#494949}} || abort loading page || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || only iSeries and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Backward|#494949}} || previous page || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || iSeries, ext. keyboards, Thinkpads starting from 2002
|-
| {{ibmkey|Forward|#494949}} || next page || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || iSeries, ext. keyboards, Thinkpads starting from 2002
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume up|#494949}} || volume up || [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume down|#494949}} || volume down || [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume mute|#494949}} || mute volume || [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Power|#494949}} || shutdown || [[ibm-acpi]] || full || triggered on pressing 3secs, but notebook goes off on 5sec press
|-
| Display lid || blank screen || [[ibm-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| Ultrabay lid || announce ultrabay change || [[ibm-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| Dock eject || eject from dock || [[ibm-acpi]] || full ||
|}
{{footnotes|
#if there are more than one tool listed, one is sufficient
}}

==Triggering key events==
===ibm-acpi events===
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
|+ events triggered by ibm-acpi for /etc/acpi/events files
! key !! event
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F3}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00001003
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F4}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00001004
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F12}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 0000100c
|-
| {{ibmkey|Power|#494949}} || button/power PWRF 00000080 xxxxxxxx
|-
| Display lid || button/lid LID 00000080 xxxxxxxx
|-
| Ultrabay eject || ibm/bay MSTR 00000003 00000000
|-
| Ultrabay inserted || ibm/bay MSTR 00000001 00000000
|}

===tpb configuration===
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
|+ configuration keywords for tpbrc
! key !! config keyword
|-
| {{ibmkey|Access IBM|#495988}} or {{ibmkey|ThinkPad|#494949}} || THINKPAD
|-
| {{ibmkey|Home|#494949}} || HOME
|-
| {{ibmkey|Search|#494949}} || SEARCH
|-
| {{ibmkey|Mail|#494949}} || MAIL
|-
| {{ibmkey|Favorites|#494949}} || FAVORITES
|-
| {{ibmkey|Reload|#494949}} || RELOAD
|-
| {{ibmkey|Abort|#494949}} || ABORT
|-
| {{ibmkey|Backward|#494949}} || BACKWARD
|-
| {{ibmkey|Forward|#494949}} || FORWARD
|-
| {{key|Fn}} || FN
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Space}} || CALLBACK (zoom on/off)
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|PageUp}} || CALLBACK (thinklight on/off)
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F7}} || CALLBACK (display lcd/crt/both)
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F8}} || CALLBACK (expand on/off)
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Home}} || CALLBACK (brightness <percent>)
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|End}} || CALLBACK (brightness <percent>)
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume up|#494949}} || CALLBACK (volume <percent>)
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume down|#494949}} || CALLBACK (volume <percent>)
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume mute|#494949}} || CALLBACK (mute on/off)
|}

To all parameter keywords should be assigned the full path to the executables supposed to be started on key press.
The exectable provided for the CALLBACK keyword should take the parameters given in parentheses and act according to them.
If you want to use xmodmap for the HOME, SEARCH, MAIL, FAVORITES, RELOAD, ABORT, BACKWARD, FORWARD and FN keys you should
provide a XEVENTS=off in your tpbrc.

===xmodmap configuration===
xmodmap enables you to edit the modifier map and keymap tables that are used to translate keycodes into keysyms.
Understood? Well, basically it allows you to give the X server a dictionary for the translation of keycodes like "97" into more human readable synonyms like "Home". This way xmodmap allows you to make the special keys of your keyboard known to X applications.

Usually you should write your keycode-keysym associations into the file ~/.Xmodmap. This file is usually read by the X session startup scripts of your system, so that the mappings automatically get included everytime you run the X server.

The ~/.Xmodmap lines for our purpose are in the form of
keycode <keycode> = <keysym>

The following table shows the keycodes generated by the Thinkpad special keys and sensible keysyms to assign them to.
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
|+ keycodes and recommended keysyms
! key !! keycode !! keysym
|-
| {{ibmkey|Backward|#494949}} || 234 || XF86Back or F21
|-
| {{ibmkey|Forward|#494949}} || 233 || XF86Forward or F22
|-
| {{ibmkey|Home|#494949}} || 178 || XF86HomePage
|-
| {{ibmkey|Search|#494949}} || 229 || XF86Search
|-
| {{ibmkey|Mail|#494949}} || 236 || XF86Mail
|-
| {{ibmkey|Favorites|#494949}} || 230 || XF86AddFavorite or XF86Favorites
|-
| {{ibmkey|Reload|#494949}} || 231 || XF86Reload
|-
| {{ibmkey|Abort|#494949}} || 232 || XF86Stop
|-
| {{key|Fn}} || 227 || F35
|}

(In case you want to use the browser keys in Firefox, you will have to assign the F21 and F22 or similar keysyms to them.)

Note: if you are running tpb you might need to add the line XEVENTS=off into your tpbrc to stop it from grabbing the key events and allow them to get through to X instead.

==Example Applications==
===Web Browsers===
====Firefox====
(First of all thanks go to Ryan Barrett for writing the little howto on his blog.) 
To have firefox make use of the browser keys you need to modify one of its files.
To do this you will first need to extract it from the browser.jar archive. Do...

{{cmdroot|cd <firefox-directory>/chrome}} 
{{cmdroot|unzip browser.jar}}

The file of interest is content/browser/browser.xul. Edit it...
{{cmdroot|vi content/browser/browser.xul}}

Look for the '''<keyset id="mainKeyset">''' section and add the following lines within...
<key id="goBackTP" keycode="VK_F21" command="Browser:Back" />
<key id="goForwardTP" keycode="VK_F22" command="Browser:Forward" />
No save the file and repackage the browser.jar archive...
{{cmdroot|zip -rD0 browser.jar content/browser/}}

That's it.

Another interesting Page on Firefox is http://dqd.com/~mayoff/notes/thinkpad/dqdnavkeys/ It uses different key mappings (F19 resp. F20) but a ready .xpi is provided which is pretty comfortable.

====Opera====
However this isn't simple configration file, you can set your browser manualy. 
Go to Tool > Settings > Mouse and keyboard > Keyboard settings > Edit > Browser Window. There add F21 - Back and F22 - Forward. Now you can surf using your TP keys ;-)

===Window Managers===
====fvwm====
To get the Backwards and Forwards keys to cycle through pages in the virtual desktop, add this to your .fvwmrc:
Key XF86Back A A Scroll -100000 0
Key XF86Forward A A Scroll +100000 0
If you use multiple virtual desktops, you could instead use the keys to flip between them by using GotoDesk.

====pekwm configuration====
You can make the two browser keys switch workspaces in pekwm, by adding the following two lines to the .pekwm/keys file:
KeyPress = "Mod1 XF86Back" { Actions = "GoToWorkspace prev" }
KeyPress = "Mod1 XF86Forward" { Actions = "GoToWorkspace next" }

====pwm====
Another example how to use these two keys to switch between pwm tabs. These two lines should be added to $HOME/.pwm/keys-default.conf or /etc/pwm/keys-default.conf:
kbind "Back", "switch_rot", -1
kbind "Forward", "switch_rot", 1

===Other Uses===
====Console tools configuraton====
To make the prev page / next page keys (located at the cursor keys on my T42p) useful in console, add this to your keymap (/etc/console/boottime.kmap.gz in Debian):
keycode 158 = Decr_Console
keycode 159 = Incr_Console

How to get special keys to work

2005-07-01T11:58:44Z

84.191.151.7: /* Overview */

==Overview==
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
! key !! standard function !! tool[[#footnotes|1]] !! configurability !! remarks
|-
| {{key|Fn}} || - || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || on release without completed key combination
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F3}} || blank screen || [[ibm-acpi]], [[thinkpad-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F4}} || suspend to ram || [[ibm-acpi]], [[thinkpad-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F5}} || switch bluetooth || [[ibm-acpi]], [[thinkpad-acpi]] || full || in models starting from 2002
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F7}} || switch display || [[thinkpad-acpi]], [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F8}} || toggle display expansion || [[thinkpad-acpi]], [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F9}} || eject from dock || [[thinkpad-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F12}} || hibernate || [[ibm-acpi]], [[thinkpad-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Pos1}} || brightness up || [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|End}} || brightness down || [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|PageUp}} || toggle thinklight || [[ibm-acpi]], [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Space}} || toggle zoom || [[tpb]] || full ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Access IBM|#495988}} or {{ibmkey|ThinkPad|#494949}} || help application || [[tpb]] || full ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Home|#494949}} || open web browser || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || only iSeries and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Search|#494949}} || open search application || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || only iSeries and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Mail|#494949}} || open mail application || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || only iSeries and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Favorites|#494949}} || open favorites || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || only iSeries and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Reload|#494949}} || reload web page || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || only iSeries and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Abort|#494949}} || abort loading page || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || only iSeries and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Backward|#494949}} || previous page || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || iSeries, ext. keyboards, Thinkpads starting from 2002
|-
| {{ibmkey|Forward|#494949}} || next page || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || iSeries, ext. keyboards, Thinkpads starting from 2002
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume up|#494949}} || volume up || [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume down|#494949}} || volume down || [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume mute|#494949}} || mute volume || [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Power|#494949}} || shutdown || [[ibm-acpi]] || full || triggered on pressing 3secs, but notebook goes off on 5sec press
|-
| Display lid || blank screen || [[ibm-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| Ultrabay lid || announce ultrabay change || [[ibm-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| Dock eject || eject from dock || [[ibm-acpi]] || full ||
|}
{{footnotes|
#if several tools listed, one is sufficient
}}

==Triggering key events==
===ibm-acpi events===
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
|+ events triggered by ibm-acpi for /etc/acpi/events files
! key !! event
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F3}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00001003
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F4}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00001004
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F12}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 0000100c
|-
| {{ibmkey|Power|#494949}} || button/power PWRF 00000080 xxxxxxxx
|-
| Display lid || button/lid LID 00000080 xxxxxxxx
|-
| Ultrabay eject || ibm/bay MSTR 00000003 00000000
|-
| Ultrabay inserted || ibm/bay MSTR 00000001 00000000
|}

===tpb configuration===
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
|+ configuration keywords for tpbrc
! key !! config keyword
|-
| {{ibmkey|Access IBM|#495988}} or {{ibmkey|ThinkPad|#494949}} || THINKPAD
|-
| {{ibmkey|Home|#494949}} || HOME
|-
| {{ibmkey|Search|#494949}} || SEARCH
|-
| {{ibmkey|Mail|#494949}} || MAIL
|-
| {{ibmkey|Favorites|#494949}} || FAVORITES
|-
| {{ibmkey|Reload|#494949}} || RELOAD
|-
| {{ibmkey|Abort|#494949}} || ABORT
|-
| {{ibmkey|Backward|#494949}} || BACKWARD
|-
| {{ibmkey|Forward|#494949}} || FORWARD
|-
| {{key|Fn}} || FN
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Space}} || CALLBACK (zoom on/off)
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|PageUp}} || CALLBACK (thinklight on/off)
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F7}} || CALLBACK (display lcd/crt/both)
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F8}} || CALLBACK (expand on/off)
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Home}} || CALLBACK (brightness <percent>)
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|End}} || CALLBACK (brightness <percent>)
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume up|#494949}} || CALLBACK (volume <percent>)
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume down|#494949}} || CALLBACK (volume <percent>)
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume mute|#494949}} || CALLBACK (mute on/off)
|}

To all parameter keywords should be assigned the full path to the executables supposed to be started on key press.
The exectable provided for the CALLBACK keyword should take the parameters given in parentheses and act according to them.
If you want to use xmodmap for the HOME, SEARCH, MAIL, FAVORITES, RELOAD, ABORT, BACKWARD, FORWARD and FN keys you should
provide a XEVENTS=off in your tpbrc.

===xmodmap configuration===
xmodmap enables you to edit the modifier map and keymap tables that are used to translate keycodes into keysyms.
Understood? Well, basically it allows you to give the X server a dictionary for the translation of keycodes like "97" into more human readable synonyms like "Home". This way xmodmap allows you to make the special keys of your keyboard known to X applications.

Usually you should write your keycode-keysym associations into the file ~/.Xmodmap. This file is usually read by the X session startup scripts of your system, so that the mappings automatically get included everytime you run the X server.

The ~/.Xmodmap lines for our purpose are in the form of
keycode <keycode> = <keysym>

The following table shows the keycodes generated by the Thinkpad special keys and sensible keysyms to assign them to.
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
|+ keycodes and recommended keysyms
! key !! keycode !! keysym
|-
| {{ibmkey|Backward|#494949}} || 234 || XF86Back or F21
|-
| {{ibmkey|Forward|#494949}} || 233 || XF86Forward or F22
|-
| {{ibmkey|Home|#494949}} || 178 || XF86HomePage
|-
| {{ibmkey|Search|#494949}} || 229 || XF86Search
|-
| {{ibmkey|Mail|#494949}} || 236 || XF86Mail
|-
| {{ibmkey|Favorites|#494949}} || 230 || XF86AddFavorite or XF86Favorites
|-
| {{ibmkey|Reload|#494949}} || 231 || XF86Reload
|-
| {{ibmkey|Abort|#494949}} || 232 || XF86Stop
|-
| {{key|Fn}} || 227 || F35
|}

(In case you want to use the browser keys in Firefox, you will have to assign the F21 and F22 or similar keysyms to them.)

Note: if you are running tpb you might need to add the line XEVENTS=off into your tpbrc to stop it from grabbing the key events and allow them to get through to X instead.

==Example Applications==
===Web Browsers===
====Firefox====
(First of all thanks go to Ryan Barrett for writing the little howto on his blog.) 
To have firefox make use of the browser keys you need to modify one of its files.
To do this you will first need to extract it from the browser.jar archive. Do...

{{cmdroot|cd <firefox-directory>/chrome}} 
{{cmdroot|unzip browser.jar}}

The file of interest is content/browser/browser.xul. Edit it...
{{cmdroot|vi content/browser/browser.xul}}

Look for the '''<keyset id="mainKeyset">''' section and add the following lines within...
<key id="goBackTP" keycode="VK_F21" command="Browser:Back" />
<key id="goForwardTP" keycode="VK_F22" command="Browser:Forward" />
No save the file and repackage the browser.jar archive...
{{cmdroot|zip -rD0 browser.jar content/browser/}}

That's it.

Another interesting Page on Firefox is http://dqd.com/~mayoff/notes/thinkpad/dqdnavkeys/ It uses different key mappings (F19 resp. F20) but a ready .xpi is provided which is pretty comfortable.

====Opera====
However this isn't simple configration file, you can set your browser manualy. 
Go to Tool > Settings > Mouse and keyboard > Keyboard settings > Edit > Browser Window. There add F21 - Back and F22 - Forward. Now you can surf using your TP keys ;-)

===Window Managers===
====fvwm====
To get the Backwards and Forwards keys to cycle through pages in the virtual desktop, add this to your .fvwmrc:
Key XF86Back A A Scroll -100000 0
Key XF86Forward A A Scroll +100000 0
If you use multiple virtual desktops, you could instead use the keys to flip between them by using GotoDesk.

====pekwm configuration====
You can make the two browser keys switch workspaces in pekwm, by adding the following two lines to the .pekwm/keys file:
KeyPress = "Mod1 XF86Back" { Actions = "GoToWorkspace prev" }
KeyPress = "Mod1 XF86Forward" { Actions = "GoToWorkspace next" }

====pwm====
Another example how to use these two keys to switch between pwm tabs. These two lines should be added to $HOME/.pwm/keys-default.conf or /etc/pwm/keys-default.conf:
kbind "Back", "switch_rot", -1
kbind "Forward", "switch_rot", 1

===Other Uses===
====Console tools configuraton====
To make the prev page / next page keys (located at the cursor keys on my T42p) useful in console, add this to your keymap (/etc/console/boottime.kmap.gz in Debian):
keycode 158 = Decr_Console
keycode 159 = Incr_Console

How to get special keys to work

2005-07-01T11:58:15Z

84.191.151.7: /* Overview */

==Overview==
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
! key !! standard function !! tool[[#footnotes|1] !! configurability !! remarks
|-
| {{key|Fn}} || - || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || on release without completed key combination
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F3}} || blank screen || [[ibm-acpi]], [[thinkpad-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F4}} || suspend to ram || [[ibm-acpi]], [[thinkpad-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F5}} || switch bluetooth || [[ibm-acpi]], [[thinkpad-acpi]] || full || in models starting from 2002
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F7}} || switch display || [[thinkpad-acpi]], [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F8}} || toggle display expansion || [[thinkpad-acpi]], [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F9}} || eject from dock || [[thinkpad-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F12}} || hibernate || [[ibm-acpi]], [[thinkpad-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Pos1}} || brightness up || [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|End}} || brightness down || [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|PageUp}} || toggle thinklight || [[ibm-acpi]], [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Space}} || toggle zoom || [[tpb]] || full ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Access IBM|#495988}} or {{ibmkey|ThinkPad|#494949}} || help application || [[tpb]] || full ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Home|#494949}} || open web browser || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || only iSeries and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Search|#494949}} || open search application || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || only iSeries and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Mail|#494949}} || open mail application || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || only iSeries and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Favorites|#494949}} || open favorites || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || only iSeries and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Reload|#494949}} || reload web page || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || only iSeries and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Abort|#494949}} || abort loading page || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || only iSeries and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Backward|#494949}} || previous page || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || iSeries, ext. keyboards, Thinkpads starting from 2002
|-
| {{ibmkey|Forward|#494949}} || next page || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || iSeries, ext. keyboards, Thinkpads starting from 2002
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume up|#494949}} || volume up || [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume down|#494949}} || volume down || [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume mute|#494949}} || mute volume || [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Power|#494949}} || shutdown || [[ibm-acpi]] || full || triggered on pressing 3secs, but notebook goes off on 5sec press
|-
| Display lid || blank screen || [[ibm-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| Ultrabay lid || announce ultrabay change || [[ibm-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| Dock eject || eject from dock || [[ibm-acpi]] || full ||
|}

{{footnotes|
#if several tools listed, one is sufficient
}}

==Triggering key events==
===ibm-acpi events===
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
|+ events triggered by ibm-acpi for /etc/acpi/events files
! key !! event
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F3}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00001003
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F4}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00001004
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F12}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 0000100c
|-
| {{ibmkey|Power|#494949}} || button/power PWRF 00000080 xxxxxxxx
|-
| Display lid || button/lid LID 00000080 xxxxxxxx
|-
| Ultrabay eject || ibm/bay MSTR 00000003 00000000
|-
| Ultrabay inserted || ibm/bay MSTR 00000001 00000000
|}

===tpb configuration===
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
|+ configuration keywords for tpbrc
! key !! config keyword
|-
| {{ibmkey|Access IBM|#495988}} or {{ibmkey|ThinkPad|#494949}} || THINKPAD
|-
| {{ibmkey|Home|#494949}} || HOME
|-
| {{ibmkey|Search|#494949}} || SEARCH
|-
| {{ibmkey|Mail|#494949}} || MAIL
|-
| {{ibmkey|Favorites|#494949}} || FAVORITES
|-
| {{ibmkey|Reload|#494949}} || RELOAD
|-
| {{ibmkey|Abort|#494949}} || ABORT
|-
| {{ibmkey|Backward|#494949}} || BACKWARD
|-
| {{ibmkey|Forward|#494949}} || FORWARD
|-
| {{key|Fn}} || FN
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Space}} || CALLBACK (zoom on/off)
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|PageUp}} || CALLBACK (thinklight on/off)
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F7}} || CALLBACK (display lcd/crt/both)
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F8}} || CALLBACK (expand on/off)
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Home}} || CALLBACK (brightness <percent>)
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|End}} || CALLBACK (brightness <percent>)
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume up|#494949}} || CALLBACK (volume <percent>)
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume down|#494949}} || CALLBACK (volume <percent>)
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume mute|#494949}} || CALLBACK (mute on/off)
|}

To all parameter keywords should be assigned the full path to the executables supposed to be started on key press.
The exectable provided for the CALLBACK keyword should take the parameters given in parentheses and act according to them.
If you want to use xmodmap for the HOME, SEARCH, MAIL, FAVORITES, RELOAD, ABORT, BACKWARD, FORWARD and FN keys you should
provide a XEVENTS=off in your tpbrc.

===xmodmap configuration===
xmodmap enables you to edit the modifier map and keymap tables that are used to translate keycodes into keysyms.
Understood? Well, basically it allows you to give the X server a dictionary for the translation of keycodes like "97" into more human readable synonyms like "Home". This way xmodmap allows you to make the special keys of your keyboard known to X applications.

Usually you should write your keycode-keysym associations into the file ~/.Xmodmap. This file is usually read by the X session startup scripts of your system, so that the mappings automatically get included everytime you run the X server.

The ~/.Xmodmap lines for our purpose are in the form of
keycode <keycode> = <keysym>

The following table shows the keycodes generated by the Thinkpad special keys and sensible keysyms to assign them to.
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
|+ keycodes and recommended keysyms
! key !! keycode !! keysym
|-
| {{ibmkey|Backward|#494949}} || 234 || XF86Back or F21
|-
| {{ibmkey|Forward|#494949}} || 233 || XF86Forward or F22
|-
| {{ibmkey|Home|#494949}} || 178 || XF86HomePage
|-
| {{ibmkey|Search|#494949}} || 229 || XF86Search
|-
| {{ibmkey|Mail|#494949}} || 236 || XF86Mail
|-
| {{ibmkey|Favorites|#494949}} || 230 || XF86AddFavorite or XF86Favorites
|-
| {{ibmkey|Reload|#494949}} || 231 || XF86Reload
|-
| {{ibmkey|Abort|#494949}} || 232 || XF86Stop
|-
| {{key|Fn}} || 227 || F35
|}

(In case you want to use the browser keys in Firefox, you will have to assign the F21 and F22 or similar keysyms to them.)

Note: if you are running tpb you might need to add the line XEVENTS=off into your tpbrc to stop it from grabbing the key events and allow them to get through to X instead.

==Example Applications==
===Web Browsers===
====Firefox====
(First of all thanks go to Ryan Barrett for writing the little howto on his blog.) 
To have firefox make use of the browser keys you need to modify one of its files.
To do this you will first need to extract it from the browser.jar archive. Do...

{{cmdroot|cd <firefox-directory>/chrome}} 
{{cmdroot|unzip browser.jar}}

The file of interest is content/browser/browser.xul. Edit it...
{{cmdroot|vi content/browser/browser.xul}}

Look for the '''<keyset id="mainKeyset">''' section and add the following lines within...
<key id="goBackTP" keycode="VK_F21" command="Browser:Back" />
<key id="goForwardTP" keycode="VK_F22" command="Browser:Forward" />
No save the file and repackage the browser.jar archive...
{{cmdroot|zip -rD0 browser.jar content/browser/}}

That's it.

Another interesting Page on Firefox is http://dqd.com/~mayoff/notes/thinkpad/dqdnavkeys/ It uses different key mappings (F19 resp. F20) but a ready .xpi is provided which is pretty comfortable.

====Opera====
However this isn't simple configration file, you can set your browser manualy. 
Go to Tool > Settings > Mouse and keyboard > Keyboard settings > Edit > Browser Window. There add F21 - Back and F22 - Forward. Now you can surf using your TP keys ;-)

===Window Managers===
====fvwm====
To get the Backwards and Forwards keys to cycle through pages in the virtual desktop, add this to your .fvwmrc:
Key XF86Back A A Scroll -100000 0
Key XF86Forward A A Scroll +100000 0
If you use multiple virtual desktops, you could instead use the keys to flip between them by using GotoDesk.

====pekwm configuration====
You can make the two browser keys switch workspaces in pekwm, by adding the following two lines to the .pekwm/keys file:
KeyPress = "Mod1 XF86Back" { Actions = "GoToWorkspace prev" }
KeyPress = "Mod1 XF86Forward" { Actions = "GoToWorkspace next" }

====pwm====
Another example how to use these two keys to switch between pwm tabs. These two lines should be added to $HOME/.pwm/keys-default.conf or /etc/pwm/keys-default.conf:
kbind "Back", "switch_rot", -1
kbind "Forward", "switch_rot", 1

===Other Uses===
====Console tools configuraton====
To make the prev page / next page keys (located at the cursor keys on my T42p) useful in console, add this to your keymap (/etc/console/boottime.kmap.gz in Debian):
keycode 158 = Decr_Console
keycode 159 = Incr_Console

How to get special keys to work

2005-07-01T11:56:39Z

84.191.151.7: /* Overview */

==Overview==
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
! key !! standard function !! tool !! configurability !! remarks
|-
| {{key|Fn}} || - || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || on release without completed key combination
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F3}} || blank screen || [[ibm-acpi]], [[thinkpad-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F4}} || suspend to ram || [[ibm-acpi]], [[thinkpad-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F5}} || switch bluetooth || [[ibm-acpi]], [[thinkpad-acpi]] || full || in models starting from 2002
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F7}} || switch display || [[thinkpad-acpi]], [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F8}} || toggle display expansion || [[thinkpad-acpi]], [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F9}} || eject from dock || [[thinkpad-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F12}} || hibernate || [[ibm-acpi]], [[thinkpad-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Pos1}} || brightness up || [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|End}} || brightness down || [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|PageUp}} || toggle thinklight || [[ibm-acpi]], [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Space}} || toggle zoom || [[tpb]] || full ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Access IBM|#495988}} or {{ibmkey|ThinkPad|#494949}} || help application || [[tpb]] || full ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Home|#494949}} || open web browser || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || only iSeries and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Search|#494949}} || open search application || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || only iSeries and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Mail|#494949}} || open mail application || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || only iSeries and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Favorites|#494949}} || open favorites || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || only iSeries and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Reload|#494949}} || reload web page || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || only iSeries and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Abort|#494949}} || abort loading page || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || only iSeries and ext. keyboards
|-
| {{ibmkey|Backward|#494949}} || previous page || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || iSeries, ext. keyboards, Thinkpads starting from 2002
|-
| {{ibmkey|Forward|#494949}} || next page || xmodmap, [[tpb]] || full || iSeries, ext. keyboards, Thinkpads starting from 2002
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume up|#494949}} || volume up || [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume down|#494949}} || volume down || [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume mute|#494949}} || mute volume || [[tpb]] || additional actions ||
|-
| {{ibmkey|Power|#494949}} || shutdown || [[ibm-acpi]] || full || triggered on pressing 3secs, but notebook goes off on 5sec press
|-
| Display lid || blank screen || [[ibm-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| Ultrabay lid || announce ultrabay change || [[ibm-acpi]] || full ||
|-
| Dock eject || eject from dock || [[ibm-acpi]] || full ||
|}

==Triggering key events==
===ibm-acpi events===
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
|+ events triggered by ibm-acpi for /etc/acpi/events files
! key !! event
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F3}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00001003
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F4}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00001004
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F12}} || ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 0000100c
|-
| {{ibmkey|Power|#494949}} || button/power PWRF 00000080 xxxxxxxx
|-
| Display lid || button/lid LID 00000080 xxxxxxxx
|-
| Ultrabay eject || ibm/bay MSTR 00000003 00000000
|-
| Ultrabay inserted || ibm/bay MSTR 00000001 00000000
|}

===tpb configuration===
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
|+ configuration keywords for tpbrc
! key !! config keyword
|-
| {{ibmkey|Access IBM|#495988}} or {{ibmkey|ThinkPad|#494949}} || THINKPAD
|-
| {{ibmkey|Home|#494949}} || HOME
|-
| {{ibmkey|Search|#494949}} || SEARCH
|-
| {{ibmkey|Mail|#494949}} || MAIL
|-
| {{ibmkey|Favorites|#494949}} || FAVORITES
|-
| {{ibmkey|Reload|#494949}} || RELOAD
|-
| {{ibmkey|Abort|#494949}} || ABORT
|-
| {{ibmkey|Backward|#494949}} || BACKWARD
|-
| {{ibmkey|Forward|#494949}} || FORWARD
|-
| {{key|Fn}} || FN
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Space}} || CALLBACK (zoom on/off)
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|PageUp}} || CALLBACK (thinklight on/off)
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F7}} || CALLBACK (display lcd/crt/both)
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|F8}} || CALLBACK (expand on/off)
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|Home}} || CALLBACK (brightness <percent>)
|-
| {{key|Fn}}{{key|End}} || CALLBACK (brightness <percent>)
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume up|#494949}} || CALLBACK (volume <percent>)
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume down|#494949}} || CALLBACK (volume <percent>)
|-
| {{ibmkey|Volume mute|#494949}} || CALLBACK (mute on/off)
|}

To all parameter keywords should be assigned the full path to the executables supposed to be started on key press.
The exectable provided for the CALLBACK keyword should take the parameters given in parentheses and act according to them.
If you want to use xmodmap for the HOME, SEARCH, MAIL, FAVORITES, RELOAD, ABORT, BACKWARD, FORWARD and FN keys you should
provide a XEVENTS=off in your tpbrc.

===xmodmap configuration===
xmodmap enables you to edit the modifier map and keymap tables that are used to translate keycodes into keysyms.
Understood? Well, basically it allows you to give the X server a dictionary for the translation of keycodes like "97" into more human readable synonyms like "Home". This way xmodmap allows you to make the special keys of your keyboard known to X applications.

Usually you should write your keycode-keysym associations into the file ~/.Xmodmap. This file is usually read by the X session startup scripts of your system, so that the mappings automatically get included everytime you run the X server.

The ~/.Xmodmap lines for our purpose are in the form of
keycode <keycode> = <keysym>

The following table shows the keycodes generated by the Thinkpad special keys and sensible keysyms to assign them to.
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
|+ keycodes and recommended keysyms
! key !! keycode !! keysym
|-
| {{ibmkey|Backward|#494949}} || 234 || XF86Back or F21
|-
| {{ibmkey|Forward|#494949}} || 233 || XF86Forward or F22
|-
| {{ibmkey|Home|#494949}} || 178 || XF86HomePage
|-
| {{ibmkey|Search|#494949}} || 229 || XF86Search
|-
| {{ibmkey|Mail|#494949}} || 236 || XF86Mail
|-
| {{ibmkey|Favorites|#494949}} || 230 || XF86AddFavorite or XF86Favorites
|-
| {{ibmkey|Reload|#494949}} || 231 || XF86Reload
|-
| {{ibmkey|Abort|#494949}} || 232 || XF86Stop
|-
| {{key|Fn}} || 227 || F35
|}

(In case you want to use the browser keys in Firefox, you will have to assign the F21 and F22 or similar keysyms to them.)

Note: if you are running tpb you might need to add the line XEVENTS=off into your tpbrc to stop it from grabbing the key events and allow them to get through to X instead.

==Example Applications==
===Web Browsers===
====Firefox====
(First of all thanks go to Ryan Barrett for writing the little howto on his blog.) 
To have firefox make use of the browser keys you need to modify one of its files.
To do this you will first need to extract it from the browser.jar archive. Do...

{{cmdroot|cd <firefox-directory>/chrome}} 
{{cmdroot|unzip browser.jar}}

The file of interest is content/browser/browser.xul. Edit it...
{{cmdroot|vi content/browser/browser.xul}}

Look for the '''<keyset id="mainKeyset">''' section and add the following lines within...
<key id="goBackTP" keycode="VK_F21" command="Browser:Back" />
<key id="goForwardTP" keycode="VK_F22" command="Browser:Forward" />
No save the file and repackage the browser.jar archive...
{{cmdroot|zip -rD0 browser.jar content/browser/}}

That's it.

Another interesting Page on Firefox is http://dqd.com/~mayoff/notes/thinkpad/dqdnavkeys/ It uses different key mappings (F19 resp. F20) but a ready .xpi is provided which is pretty comfortable.

====Opera====
However this isn't simple configration file, you can set your browser manualy. 
Go to Tool > Settings > Mouse and keyboard > Keyboard settings > Edit > Browser Window. There add F21 - Back and F22 - Forward. Now you can surf using your TP keys ;-)

===Window Managers===
====fvwm====
To get the Backwards and Forwards keys to cycle through pages in the virtual desktop, add this to your .fvwmrc:
Key XF86Back A A Scroll -100000 0
Key XF86Forward A A Scroll +100000 0
If you use multiple virtual desktops, you could instead use the keys to flip between them by using GotoDesk.

====pekwm configuration====
You can make the two browser keys switch workspaces in pekwm, by adding the following two lines to the .pekwm/keys file:
KeyPress = "Mod1 XF86Back" { Actions = "GoToWorkspace prev" }
KeyPress = "Mod1 XF86Forward" { Actions = "GoToWorkspace next" }

====pwm====
Another example how to use these two keys to switch between pwm tabs. These two lines should be added to $HOME/.pwm/keys-default.conf or /etc/pwm/keys-default.conf:
kbind "Back", "switch_rot", -1
kbind "Forward", "switch_rot", 1

===Other Uses===
====Console tools configuraton====
To make the prev page / next page keys (located at the cursor keys on my T42p) useful in console, add this to your keymap (/etc/console/boottime.kmap.gz in Debian):
keycode 158 = Decr_Console
keycode 159 = Incr_Console

PreDesktop Area

2005-07-01T11:53:09Z

84.191.151.7: /* How to remove it */

{| width="100%"
|style="vertical-align:top;padding-right:20px;width:10px;" | [[Image:hpa.jpg|IBM PreDesktop Area]] __NOTOC__
|style="vertical-align:top" |
<div style="margin: 0; margin-right:10px; border: 1px solid #dfdfdf; padding: 0em 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#F8F8FF; align:right;">
=== The PreDesktop Area ===
The Predesktop Area is part of the HPA (generally known as the "Host Protected Area", but called "Hidden Protected Area" by IBM). The HPA is a special area on your harddisk, usually hidden to partitioning tools. It includes all the software and data needed to recover the preloaded state of the ThinkPad. The HPA also includes some diagnostic tools and a (MS Windows only) backup tool.

The Predesktop area was introduced with the R/T/X 40 series of ThinkPads and is present on the preinstalled harddisks of all ThinkPads shipped by IBM since then.
</div>
|}
==General information about the HPA==
The HPA seems to be using [http://www.phoenix.com/en/Products/Trusted+Applications/Phoenix+FirstWare/default.htm Phoenix FirstWare]. FirstWare is (in short) an implementation of two technologies: BEER and PARTIES. (Yes, those names are correct!) BEER (Boot Engineering Extension Record) and PARTIES (Protected Area Run Time Interface Extension Services) are described in [http://www.t13.org/project/d1367r3-PARTIES.pdf this T13 working draft]. There is a more general introduction to PARTIES on the [http://www-1.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?rs=0&uid=psg1MIGR-51248&loc=en_US IBM site].

Basically, what seems to be going on is that the Phoenix BIOS hides the last few gigabytes of the harddisk (that is the HPA) to the OS. Note that this is just a setting in the BIOS and can be disabled. The HPA can be accessed by pressing the [[Access IBM Button]] at boot time. The BIOS will then parse the BEER (128 bytes, situated in the last sector of 512 bytes of the harddisk) and the "Directory of Services" (consisting of directory entries of 64 bytes each, starting in the last sector and spilling over into the previous sectors) to see what part of the HPA should be launched. In (most?) ThinkPads the BEER tells the BIOS to launch the Access IBM Predesktop Area. The system will then actually be booting into a (minimal) DOS which is able to launch a graphical shell (called Phoenix FirstSight). IBM has simply rebranded this graphical shell to the Access IBM Predesktop Area. From this graphical shell one can launch several tools (BIOS Setup Utility, diagnostic tools, recovery tools).

==Three BIOS options==
The BIOS has three settings for the "IBM Predesktop Area" (in the Security category):
*Secure: No user or SW-initiated changes
*Normal: Change allowed; Contents hidden from OS
*Disabled: Not Usable. Visible and Reclaimable

Normal and secure seem to behave identical when using GNU/Linux. Maybe changes are possible in "Normal" mode using an MS Windows application. With "Disabled" you can even remove the HPA.

==Details of the HPA==
Fabrice Bellet describes a [http://bellet.info/laptop/t40.html#the_predesktop_area technique he used] to explore the HPA of his ThinkPad T40, using GNU/Linux tools. This technique is only for the more curious or more careless people. It uses "dd" to copy the sectors on the harddisk containing the HPA from "/dev/hda" to a new file: when using "dd" on "/dev/hda" you are only one small typo away from an unrecoverable disaster!

Here follows a more detailed description of the HPA on a ThinkPad T41 (60 GB harddisk) to contrast his findings.

On this ThinkPad T41 the HPA is 3,4 GB in size. It contains 8 consecutive PSAs (Protected Service Areas). Six of those start with an x86 boot sector.

* The first PSA is 3,2 GB in size. The OEM-ID of the boot sector is: "IBM 7.1". It seems to hold a copy of the preloaded OS and everything needed to generate a bootable DVD-ROM for it, even an El Torito boot image and a boot catalog: see [[Backing up the preloaded OS]].

* The second PSA is exactly 2 MB in size. According to its entry in the Directory of Service it's the "BIOSWORKAREA".

* The third PSA is only 7,4 MB in size. The OEM-ID of the boot sector is: "MSWIN4.1". It seems to be an image of a 1,44 MB bootable floppy disk (with MS DOS) and a directory containig 6 MB of FirstWare tools. It will be launched by the "Recover to factory contents" tool of the Predesktop Area. Those "factory contents" should be the data on the first PSA.

* The fourth PSA is only 1,4 MB in size. The OEM-ID of the boot sector is: "IBM 7.1". It too seems to be an image of a (sort of) 1,44 MB bootable floppy disk. It will be launched by the "Restore your backups" tool of the Predesktop Area.

* The fifth PSA is again 7,4 MB in size. The OEM-ID of the boot sector is: "IBM 7.0". It will be launched by the "Run diagnostics" tool of the Predesktop Area.

* The sixth PSA is also 7,4 MB in size and the OEM-ID of the boot sector also is: "IBM 7.0". It will be launched by the "Create diagnostic disks" tool of the Predesktop Area. It contains a copy of a (sort of) bootable 1,44 MB floppy disk, some tools and compressed copies of the diagnostic disks.

* The seventh PSA is only 1,4 MB in size. The OEM-ID of the boot sector is "PHOENIX". It seems to be a copy of a (sort of) 1.44 MB bootable floppy disk too and only contains a (minimal) DOS and the FirstSight application. Basically, this is the Access IBM Predesktop Area.

* The eigth PSA is 101 MB in size. It doesn't have a boot sector. It contains the FirstWare Reserved Area. That probably is some sort of swap space for the FirstWare system.

==How to remove it==
There's a BIOS setting in my T42p. After disabling the Predesktop Area, it's possible to remove the partition with standard tools. i.e. fdisk, mkfs, ...

{{WARN|
Removing the HPA is simple to effect, but may result in your not being able to access the machine's BIOS. After removing the HPA on my x40, I can still dual boot into Windows and Linux without incident, but attempting to access the BIOS yields only a message "Missing operating system." So tread carefully.}}

==Alternative uses?==
It might be possible to use the FirstWare tools included in the HPA to make the HPA more useful for GNU/Linux purposes. For instance, the copy of the preloaded OS could be replaced with an emergency backup of your GNU/Linux distribution. Maybe the Predesktop area could be even used to boot into a GNU/Linux rescue system. Whether the Phoenix propietary tools really allow alternative uses and whether those tools do not make it too hard to accomplish those cannot yet be said. It seems realistic to assume that the benefits of those alternative uses aren't worth the effort to accomplish them. Still, it might be fun (altough possibly hazardous to your system) to try ...

==Related links==
*[http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?lndocid=MIGR-46023 Predesktop Area white paper]
*[http://www-3.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/document.do?lndocid=MIGR-46025 Predesktop Aministrator Utility (DOS)]
*[http://webstore.ansi.org/ansidocstore/product.asp?sku=ANSI+INCITS+346-2001 Protected Area Run Time Interface Extension Services (PARTIES) ANSI INCITS 346-2001 ($18)]
*[http://www.phoenix.com/NR/rdonlyres/7465D3CF-B0E3-4F64-9122-47D9C83028D0/0/cme_firstware_wp.pdf Phoenix FirstWare White Paper]
*[http://www.win.tue.nl/~aeb/linux/Large-Disk-11.html Section 11 of the Large Disk HOWTO (Clipped disks)]

==Models featuring this Technology==
*ThinkPad {{R40}}, {{R50}}, {{R50e}}, {{R50p}}, {{R51}}, {{R52}}
*ThinkPad {{T40}}, {{T40p}}, {{T41}}, {{T41p}}, {{T42}}, {{T42p}}, {{T43}}, {{T43p}}
*ThinkPad {{X31}}, {{X32}}, {{X40}}, {{X41}}

[[Category:Glossary]]