Installing FreeBSD 10 (amd64) on a ThinkPad T400

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Features

FreeBSD is an UNIX operating system for x86 and others compatible architectures. It is derived from BSD, the version of UNIX® developed at the University of California, Berkeley. It is developed and maintained by a team of individuals.

FreeBSD offers advanced networking, performance, security and compatibility features which are still missing in some of the best commercial operating systems.

FreeBSD makes an ideal Internet or Intranet server. It provides robust network services under the heaviest loads and uses memory efficiently to maintain good response times for thousands of simultaneous user processes. But on notebooks it is a very usable operating system with many features for customization, including power management.

With over 20,000 ported libraries and applications for desktop, server, appliance, and embedded environments, there are many applications which were designed specifically for notebooks.

The best is that FreeBSD is free, and the open source BSD license it is distributed under make sure it will continue to be free. Since FreeBSD is open source and a framework has been set up to easily do so, it is possible to build a custom kernel, allowing faster booting and operation since you can remove any features unneeded in your specific operations.

Installation

The best way to install the 64 bits version of FreeBSD (amd64) on a ThinkPad T400 is to download the ISO files and burn them. There are also image files for an USB stick. You can find the ISOs and image files right here: FTP Server of FreeBSD. Choose the version you want to install:

  • FreeBSD-10.0-RELEASE-amd64-bootonly.iso: This is an image for CD for boot only and repair purposes
  • FreeBSD-10.0-RELEASE-amd64-disc1.iso: Here is everything for installing FreeBSD on harddisk including the source codes ofd the whole operating system
  • FreeBSD-10.0-RELEASE-amd64-dvd1.iso: The same as above plus many software packages for desktops and servers
  • FreeBSD-10.0-RELEASE-amd64-memstick.img: This is an image for USB sticks with a size of about 700MB. Please copy it with this command to your stick
dd if=/path/to/FreeBSD-10.0-RELEASE-amd64-memstick.img of=/dev/<USB stick device>
Hint:
To get the most benefit of your Thinkpad T400 use only those files whose filename contains amd64. This is the 64 bits version of FreeBSD.
Hint:
It is better to choose one of the mirrors which you can find here: List of mirrors

Known Issues

If you are choosing the installation from USB stick then you have to press F12 during the POST of the boot phase of your T400. During the installation process of FreeBSD there are no issues. It is done in fast fifteen minutes and the GENERIC kernel finds all devices.

Post-Installation Setup

The post installation setup is on some points very tricky while the setup oif the video device Intel GM45 is very easy. The following lines show all devices found by the kernel.

# dmesg

Copyright (c) 1992-2014 The FreeBSD Project.
Copyright (c) 1979, 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994
	The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
FreeBSD is a registered trademark of The FreeBSD Foundation.
FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE-p7 #3: Fri Aug 22 20:51:43 CEST 2014
    juergen@t400-freebsd:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/T400 amd64
FreeBSD clang version 3.3 (tags/RELEASE_33/final 183502) 20130610
CPU: Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU     P8600  @ 2.40GHz (2394.05-MHz K8-class CPU)
  Origin = "GenuineIntel"  Id = 0x1067a  Family = 0x6  Model = 0x17  Stepping = 10
  Features=0xbfebfbff<FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,APIC,SEP,MTRR,PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,PSE36,CLFLUSH,DTS,ACPI,MMX,FXSR,SSE,SSE2,SS,HTT,TM,PBE>
  Features2=0xc08e3fd<SSE3,DTES64,MON,DS_CPL,VMX,SMX,EST,TM2,SSSE3,CX16,xTPR,PDCM,SSE4.1,XSAVE,OSXSAVE>
  AMD Features=0x20100800<SYSCALL,NX,LM>
  AMD Features2=0x1<LAHF>
  TSC: P-state invariant, performance statistics
real memory  = 3221225472 (3072 MB)
avail memory = 2993881088 (2855 MB)
Event timer "LAPIC" quality 400
ACPI APIC Table: <LENOVO TP-7U   >
FreeBSD/SMP: Multiprocessor System Detected: 2 CPUs
FreeBSD/SMP: 1 package(s) x 2 core(s)
 cpu0 (BSP): APIC ID:  0
 cpu1 (AP): APIC ID:  1
ioapic0: Changing APIC ID to 1
ioapic0 <Version 2.0> irqs 0-23 on motherboard
kbd1 at kbdmux0
random: <Software, Yarrow> initialized
acpi0: <LENOVO TP-7U> on motherboard
CPU0: local APIC error 0x40
acpi_ec0: <Embedded Controller: GPE 0x11, ECDT> port 0x62,0x66 on acpi0
acpi0: Power Button (fixed)
acpi0: reservation of 0, a0000 (3) failed
acpi0: reservation of 100000, bbf00000 (3) failed
cpu0: <ACPI CPU> on acpi0
cpu1: <ACPI CPU> on acpi0
attimer0: <AT timer> port 0x40-0x43 irq 0 on acpi0
Timecounter "i8254" frequency 1193182 Hz quality 0
Event timer "i8254" frequency 1193182 Hz quality 100
hpet0: <High Precision Event Timer> iomem 0xfed00000-0xfed003ff on acpi0
Timecounter "HPET" frequency 14318180 Hz quality 950
Event timer "HPET" frequency 14318180 Hz quality 450
Event timer "HPET1" frequency 14318180 Hz quality 440
Event timer "HPET2" frequency 14318180 Hz quality 440
Event timer "HPET3" frequency 14318180 Hz quality 440
atrtc0: <AT realtime clock> port 0x70-0x71 irq 8 on acpi0
Event timer "RTC" frequency 32768 Hz quality 0
Timecounter "ACPI-fast" frequency 3579545 Hz quality 900
acpi_timer0: <24-bit timer at 3.579545MHz> port 0x1008-0x100b on acpi0
acpi_lid0: <Control Method Lid Switch> on acpi0
acpi_button0: <Sleep Button> on acpi0
pcib0: <ACPI Host-PCI bridge> port 0xcf8-0xcff on acpi0
pci0: <ACPI PCI bus> on pcib0
vgapci0: <VGA-compatible display> port 0x1800-0x1807 mem 0xf4400000-0xf47fffff,0xd0000000-0xdfffffff irq 16 at device 2.0 on pci0
agp0: <Intel GM45 SVGA controller> on vgapci0
agp0: aperture size is 256M, detected 32764k stolen memory
drm0: <Mobile Intel® GM45 Express Chipset> on vgapci0
info: [drm] MSI enabled 1 message(s)
info: [drm] AGP at 0xd0000000 256MB
info: [drm] Initialized i915 1.6.0 20080730
vgapci0: Boot video device
vgapci1: <VGA-compatible display> mem 0xf4200000-0xf42fffff at device 2.1 on pci0
pci0: <simple comms> at device 3.0 (no driver attached)
pci0: <simple comms, UART> at device 3.3 (no driver attached)
em0: <Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Connection 7.3.8> port 0x1840-0x185f mem 0xfc100000-0xfc11ffff,0xfc325000-0xfc325fff irq 20 at device 25.0 on pci0
em0: Using an MSI interrupt
em0: Ethernet address: <mac address lan>
uhci0: <Intel 82801I (ICH9) USB controller> port 0x1860-0x187f irq 20 at device 26.0 on pci0
usbus0 on uhci0
uhci1: <Intel 82801I (ICH9) USB controller> port 0x1880-0x189f irq 21 at device 26.1 on pci0
usbus1 on uhci1
uhci2: <Intel 82801I (ICH9) USB controller> port 0x18a0-0x18bf irq 22 at device 26.2 on pci0
usbus2 on uhci2
ehci0: <Intel 82801I (ICH9) USB 2.0 controller> mem 0xfc326c00-0xfc326fff irq 23 at device 26.7 on pci0
usbus3: EHCI version 1.0
usbus3 on ehci0
pci0: <multimedia, HDA> at device 27.0 (no driver attached)
pcib1: <ACPI PCI-PCI bridge> irq 20 at device 28.0 on pci0
pci2: <ACPI PCI bus> on pcib1
pcib2: <ACPI PCI-PCI bridge> irq 21 at device 28.1 on pci0
pci3: <ACPI PCI bus> on pcib2
iwn0: <Intel Ultimate N WiFi Link 5300> mem 0xf4300000-0xf4301fff irq 17 at device 0.0 on pci3
pcib3: <ACPI PCI-PCI bridge> irq 22 at device 28.2 on pci0
pci4: <ACPI PCI bus> on pcib3
pci4: <memory> at device 0.0 (no driver attached)
pcib4: <ACPI PCI-PCI bridge> irq 23 at device 28.3 on pci0
pci5: <ACPI PCI bus> on pcib4
pcib5: <ACPI PCI-PCI bridge> irq 20 at device 28.4 on pci0
pci13: <ACPI PCI bus> on pcib5
uhci3: <Intel 82801I (ICH9) USB controller> port 0x18c0-0x18df irq 16 at device 29.0 on pci0
usbus4 on uhci3
uhci4: <Intel 82801I (ICH9) USB controller> port 0x18e0-0x18ff irq 17 at device 29.1 on pci0
usbus5 on uhci4
uhci5: <Intel 82801I (ICH9) USB controller> port 0x1c00-0x1c1f irq 18 at device 29.2 on pci0
usbus6 on uhci5
ehci1: <Intel 82801I (ICH9) USB 2.0 controller> mem 0xfc327000-0xfc3273ff irq 19 at device 29.7 on pci0
usbus7: EHCI version 1.0
usbus7 on ehci1
pcib6: <ACPI PCI-PCI bridge> at device 30.0 on pci0
pci21: <ACPI PCI bus> on pcib6
cbb0: <RF5C476 PCI-CardBus Bridge> mem 0xf4800000-0xf4800fff irq 16 at device 0.0 on pci21
cardbus0: <CardBus bus> on cbb0
pccard0: <16-bit PCCard bus> on cbb0
pci21: <serial bus, FireWire> at device 0.1 (no driver attached)
isab0: <PCI-ISA bridge> at device 31.0 on pci0
isa0: <ISA bus> on isab0
ahci0: <Intel ICH9M AHCI SATA controller> port 0x1c48-0x1c4f,0x183c-0x183f,0x1c40-0x1c47,0x1838-0x183b,0x1c20-0x1c3f mem 0xfc326000-0xfc3267ff irq 16 at device 31.2 on pci0
ahci0: AHCI v1.20 with 4 3Gbps ports, Port Multiplier not supported
ahcich0: <AHCI channel> at channel 0 on ahci0
ahcich1: <AHCI channel> at channel 1 on ahci0
pci0: <serial bus, SMBus> at device 31.3 (no driver attached)
acpi_tz0: <Thermal Zone> on acpi0
acpi_tz1: <Thermal Zone> on acpi0
atkbdc0: <Keyboard controller (i8042)> port 0x60,0x64 irq 1 on acpi0
atkbd0: <AT Keyboard> irq 1 on atkbdc0
kbd0 at atkbd0
atkbd0: [GIANT-LOCKED]
psm0: <PS/2 Mouse> irq 12 on atkbdc0
psm0: [GIANT-LOCKED]
psm0: model Generic PS/2 mouse, device ID 0
battery0: <ACPI Control Method Battery> on acpi0
acpi_acad0: <AC Adapter> on acpi0
acpi_ibm0: <IBM ThinkPad ACPI Extras> on acpi0
orm0: <ISA Option ROMs> at iomem 0xc0000-0xcffff,0xde000-0xdf7ff,0xe0000-0xeffff on isa0
sc0: <System console> at flags 0x100 on isa0
sc0: VGA <16 virtual consoles, flags=0x300>
vga0: <Generic ISA VGA> at port 0x3c0-0x3df iomem 0xa0000-0xbffff on isa0
est0: <Enhanced SpeedStep Frequency Control> on cpu0
p4tcc0: <CPU Frequency Thermal Control> on cpu0
est1: <Enhanced SpeedStep Frequency Control> on cpu1
p4tcc1: <CPU Frequency Thermal Control> on cpu1
Timecounters tick every 1.000 msec
random: unblocking device.
usbus0: 12Mbps Full Speed USB v1.0
usbus1: 12Mbps Full Speed USB v1.0
usbus2: 12Mbps Full Speed USB v1.0
usbus3: 480Mbps High Speed USB v2.0
usbus4: 12Mbps Full Speed USB v1.0
usbus5: 12Mbps Full Speed USB v1.0
usbus6: 12Mbps Full Speed USB v1.0
usbus7: 480Mbps High Speed USB v2.0
ugen2.1: <Intel> at usbus2
uhub0: <Intel UHCI root HUB, class 9/0, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1> on usbus2
ugen1.1: <Intel> at usbus1
uhub1: <Intel UHCI root HUB, class 9/0, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1> on usbus1
ugen0.1: <Intel> at usbus0
uhub2: <Intel UHCI root HUB, class 9/0, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1> on usbus0
ugen6.1: <Intel> at usbus6
uhub3: <Intel UHCI root HUB, class 9/0, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1> on usbus6
ugen5.1: <Intel> at usbus5
uhub4: <Intel UHCI root HUB, class 9/0, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1> on usbus5
ugen4.1: <Intel> at usbus4
uhub5: <Intel UHCI root HUB, class 9/0, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1> on usbus4
ugen3.1: <Intel> at usbus3
uhub6: <Intel EHCI root HUB, class 9/0, rev 2.00/1.00, addr 1> on usbus3
ugen7.1: <Intel> at usbus7
uhub7: <Intel EHCI root HUB, class 9/0, rev 2.00/1.00, addr 1> on usbus7
ada0 at ahcich0 bus 0 scbus0 target 0 lun 0
ada0: <ST9160827AS 3.CMG> ATA-8 SATA 1.x device
ada0: Serial Number 5RG8F36M
ada0: 150.000MB/s transfers (SATA 1.x, UDMA5, PIO 8192bytes)
ada0: Command Queueing enabled
ada0: 152627MB (312581808 512 byte sectors: 16H 63S/T 16383C)
ada0: Previously was known as ad4
Netvsc initializing... SMP: AP CPU #1 Launched!
uhub1: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered
uhub0: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered
uhub2: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered
uhub5: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered
uhub4: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered
uhub3: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered
uhub6: 6 ports with 6 removable, self powered
uhub7: 6 ports with 6 removable, self powered
cd0 at ahcich1 bus 0 scbus1 target 0 lun 0
cd0: <HL-DT-ST DVDRAM GSA-U20N HX12> Removable CD-ROM SCSI-0 device 
cd0: Serial Number M1A93IM5248
cd0: 150.000MB/s transfers (SATA 1.x, UDMA6, ATAPI 12bytes, PIO 8192bytes)
cd0: Attempt to query device size failed: NOT READY, Medium not present - tray closed
Root mount waiting for: usbus3
Trying to mount root from ufs:/dev/ada0s4a [rw]...
ugen1.2: <vendor 0x08ff> at usbus1
ugen0.2: <vendor 0x04f3> at usbus0
ums0: <vendor 0x04f3 PS2+USB Mouse, class 0/0, rev 1.10/22.90, addr 2> on usbus0
ums0: 3 buttons and [XYZ] coordinates ID=0
ugen1.3: <Lenovo Computer Corp> at usbus1
wlan0: Ethernet address: <mac address wlan>
ubt0: <Lenovo Computer Corp ThinkPad Bluetooth with Enhanced Data Rate II, class 224/1, rev 2.00/3.99, addr 3> on usbus1
WARNING: attempt to domain_add(bluetooth) after domainfinalize()
WARNING: attempt to domain_add(netgraph) after domainfinalize()
hdac0: <Intel 82801I HDA Controller> mem 0xfc320000-0xfc323fff irq 17 at device 27.0 on pci0
hdacc0: <Conexant CX20561 (Hermosa) HDA CODEC> at cad 0 on hdac0
hdaa0: <Conexant CX20561 (Hermosa) Audio Function Group> at nid 1 on hdacc0
pcm0: <Conexant CX20561 (Hermosa) (Front Analog)> at nid 22 and 24 on hdaa0
pcm1: <Conexant CX20561 (Hermosa) (Internal Analog)> at nid 26 and 29 on hdaa0
hdacc1: <Conexant (0x2c06) HDA CODEC> at cad 1 on hdac0

General System Settings

It is a good choice to create a custom kernel. First it is needed for suspend/resume and it reduces the startup time significant. Here is a possible configuration for a custom kernel:

# cat T400

#
# T400 -- kernel configuration file for FreeBSD/amd64 on Thinkpad T400
#
# For more information on this file, please read the config(5) manual page,
# and/or the handbook section on Kernel Configuration Files:
#
#    http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/kernelconfig-config.html
#
# The handbook is also available locally in /usr/share/doc/handbook
# if you've installed the doc distribution, otherwise always see the
# FreeBSD World Wide Web server (http://www.FreeBSD.org/) for the
# latest information.
#
# An exhaustive list of options and more detailed explanations of the
# device lines is also present in the ../../conf/NOTES and NOTES files.
# If you are in doubt as to the purpose or necessity of a line, check first
# in NOTES.
#
# $FreeBSD: release/10.0.0/sys/amd64/conf/GENERIC 256329 2013-10-11 19:43:37Z gjb $

cpu		HAMMER
ident		T400

makeoptions	DEBUG=-g		# Build kernel with gdb(1) debug symbols
makeoptions	WITH_CTF=1		# Run ctfconvert(1) for DTrace support

options 	SCHED_ULE		# ULE scheduler
options 	PREEMPTION		# Enable kernel thread preemption
options 	INET			# InterNETworking
options 	INET6			# IPv6 communications protocols
options 	TCP_OFFLOAD		# TCP offload
options 	SCTP			# Stream Control Transmission Protocol
options 	FFS			# Berkeley Fast Filesystem
options 	SOFTUPDATES		# Enable FFS soft updates support
options 	UFS_ACL			# Support for access control lists
options 	UFS_DIRHASH		# Improve performance on big directories
options 	UFS_GJOURNAL		# Enable gjournal-based UFS journaling
options 	QUOTA			# Enable disk quotas for UFS
options 	MD_ROOT			# MD is a potential root device
options 	NFSCL			# New Network Filesystem Client
options 	NFSD			# New Network Filesystem Server
options 	NFSLOCKD		# Network Lock Manager
options 	NFS_ROOT		# NFS usable as /, requires NFSCL
options 	MSDOSFS			# MSDOS Filesystem
options 	CD9660			# ISO 9660 Filesystem
options 	PROCFS			# Process filesystem (requires PSEUDOFS)
options 	PSEUDOFS		# Pseudo-filesystem framework
options 	GEOM_PART_GPT		# GUID Partition Tables.
options 	GEOM_RAID		# Soft RAID functionality.
options 	GEOM_LABEL		# Provides labelization
options 	COMPAT_FREEBSD32	# Compatible with i386 binaries
options 	COMPAT_FREEBSD4		# Compatible with FreeBSD4
options 	COMPAT_FREEBSD5		# Compatible with FreeBSD5
options 	COMPAT_FREEBSD6		# Compatible with FreeBSD6
options 	COMPAT_FREEBSD7		# Compatible with FreeBSD7
options 	SCSI_DELAY=5000		# Delay (in ms) before probing SCSI
options 	KTRACE			# ktrace(1) support
options 	STACK			# stack(9) support
options 	SYSVSHM			# SYSV-style shared memory
options 	SYSVMSG			# SYSV-style message queues
options 	SYSVSEM			# SYSV-style semaphores
options 	_KPOSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING # POSIX P1003_1B real-time extensions
options 	PRINTF_BUFR_SIZE=128	# Prevent printf output being interspersed.
options 	KBD_INSTALL_CDEV	# install a CDEV entry in /dev
options 	HWPMC_HOOKS		# Necessary kernel hooks for hwpmc(4)
options 	AUDIT			# Security event auditing
options 	CAPABILITY_MODE		# Capsicum capability mode
options 	CAPABILITIES		# Capsicum capabilities
options 	PROCDESC		# Support for process descriptors
options 	MAC			# TrustedBSD MAC Framework
options 	KDTRACE_FRAME		# Ensure frames are compiled in
options 	KDTRACE_HOOKS		# Kernel DTrace hooks
options 	DDB_CTF			# Kernel ELF linker loads CTF data
options 	INCLUDE_CONFIG_FILE     # Include this file in kernel

# Debugging support.  Always need this:
options 	KDB			# Enable kernel debugger support.
options 	KDB_TRACE		# Print a stack trace for a panic.

# Make an SMP-capable kernel by default
options 	SMP			# Symmetric MultiProcessor Kernel

# CPU frequency control
device		cpufreq

# Bus support.
device		acpi
device		pci

# Floppy drives
device		fdc

# ATA controllers
device		ahci		# AHCI-compatible SATA controllers
device		ata		# Legacy ATA/SATA controllers
options 	ATA_STATIC_ID	# Static device numbering
device		mvs		# Marvell 88SX50XX/88SX60XX/88SX70XX/SoC SATA
device		siis		# SiliconImage SiI3124/SiI3132/SiI3531 SATA

# SCSI Controllers
options 	AHC_REG_PRETTY_PRINT	# Print register bitfields in debug
					# output.  Adds ~128k to driver.
options 	AHD_REG_PRETTY_PRINT	# Print register bitfields in debug
					# output.  Adds ~215k to driver.
device		aic		# Adaptec 15[012]x SCSI adapters, AIC-6[23]60.

# ATA/SCSI peripherals
device		scbus		# SCSI bus (required for ATA/SCSI)
device		ch		# SCSI media changers
device		da		# Direct Access (disks)
device		sa		# Sequential Access (tape etc)
device		cd		# CD
device		pass		# Passthrough device (direct ATA/SCSI access)
device		ses		# Enclosure Services (SES and SAF-TE)
#device		ctl		# CAM Target Layer

# atkbdc0 controls both the keyboard and the PS/2 mouse
device		atkbdc		# AT keyboard controller
device		atkbd		# AT keyboard
device		psm		# PS/2 mouse

device		kbdmux		# keyboard multiplexer

device		vga		# VGA video card driver

device		splash		# Splash screen and screen saver support

# syscons is the default console driver, resembling an SCO console
device		sc
options 	SC_PIXEL_MODE	# add support for the raster text mode

device		agp		# support several AGP chipsets

# PCCARD (PCMCIA) support
# PCMCIA and cardbus bridge support
device		cbb		# cardbus (yenta) bridge
device		pccard		# PC Card (16-bit) bus
device		cardbus		# CardBus (32-bit) bus

# PCI Ethernet NICs.
device		em		# Intel PRO/1000 Gigabit Ethernet Family

# PCI Ethernet NICs that use the common MII bus controller code.
# NOTE: Be sure to keep the 'device miibus' line in order to use these NICs!
device		miibus		# MII bus support

# Wireless NIC cards
device		wlan		# 802.11 support
options 	IEEE80211_DEBUG	# enable debug msgs
options 	IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE # age frames in AMPDU reorder q's
options 	IEEE80211_SUPPORT_MESH	# enable 802.11s draft support
device		wlan_wep	# 802.11 WEP support
device		wlan_ccmp	# 802.11 CCMP support
device		wlan_tkip	# 802.11 TKIP support
device		wlan_amrr	# AMRR transmit rate control algorithm
device		iwn		# Intel 4965/1000/5000/6000 wireless NICs.

# Pseudo devices.
device		loop		# Network loopback
device		random		# Entropy device
device		padlock_rng	# VIA Padlock RNG
device		rdrand_rng	# Intel Bull Mountain RNG
device		ether		# Ethernet support
device		vlan		# 802.1Q VLAN support
device		tun		# Packet tunnel.
device		md		# Memory "disks"
device		gif		# IPv6 and IPv4 tunneling
device		faith		# IPv6-to-IPv4 relaying (translation)
device		firmware	# firmware assist module

# The `bpf' device enables the Berkeley Packet Filter.
# Be aware of the administrative consequences of enabling this!
# Note that 'bpf' is required for DHCP.
device		bpf		# Berkeley packet filter

# USB support (wird per Modul geladen)
options 	USB_DEBUG	# enable debug msgs

# Sound support (wird per Modul geladen)

# MMC/SD
device		mmc		# MMC/SD bus
device		mmcsd		# MMC/SD memory card
device		sdhci		# Generic PCI SD Host Controller

# VirtIO support
device		virtio		# Generic VirtIO bus (required)
device		virtio_pci	# VirtIO PCI device
device		vtnet		# VirtIO Ethernet device
device		virtio_blk	# VirtIO Block device
device		virtio_scsi	# VirtIO SCSI device
device		virtio_balloon	# VirtIO Memory Balloon device

# HyperV drivers
device		hyperv		# HyperV drivers 

# Xen HVM Guest Optimizations
# NOTE: XENHVM depends on xenpci.  They must be added or removed together.
options 	XENHVM		# Xen HVM kernel infrastructure
device		xenpci		# Xen HVM Hypervisor services driver

# VMware support
device		vmx		# VMware VMXNET3 Ethernet

Certainly more improvements could be done but this one is ok. Store the configuration in /usr/src/sys/amd64/conf for example in T400 and use the follwong commands to generate the new kernel:

# cd /usr/src
# make buildkernel KERNCONF=T400
# make installkernel KERNCONF=T400
# reboot

Video

Because the new concole drivers are currently under development the standard concole drivers sc are used. They are in

sc0: <System console> at flags 0x100 on isa0
sc0: VGA <16 virtual consoles, flags=0x300>
agp0: <Intel GM45 SVGA controller> on vgapci0
agp0: aperture size is 256M, detected 32764k stolen memory
drm0: <Mobile Intel® GM45 Express Chipset> on vgapci0
info: [drm] MSI enabled 1 message(s)
info: [drm] AGP at 0xd0000000 256MB
info: [drm] Initialized i915 1.6.0 20080730

ACPI

To enable ACPI goodies of the Thinkpad (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface - not to confuse with APIC Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller!) put the following line in /boot/loader.conf:

# ACPI-Modul fuer Thinkpad laden
acpi_ibm_load="YES"

This results in the boot message:

acpi_ibm0: <IBM ThinkPad ACPI Extras> on acpi0

Sleeping and Awaking: suspend/resume

This is the most tricky, difficult and sometimes frustrating part of the post setup of FreeBSD 10.

ATTENTION!
Therefore an important thing: Please mount all slices read-only. The configuration of suspend and resume functionality needs a lot restarts and produces a lot systems hangs.

In the most cases the notebook has to be powered down for cold restart and the file system is therefore in an inconsistent state which needs fsck-ed.

But if this is done too often could eventually become defect

# cat /etc/fstab

# Device        Mountpoint      FStype  Options Dump    Pass#
/dev/ada0s1a    /               ufs     ro      1       1
/dev/ada0s1e    /home           ufs     ro      1       1

If you want to do some configuration then type # mount -o rw / and all the editied configuration filescan be saved.

Patches for USB

In some cases the USB prts do not wake up during the resume process. For this bug exists a patch which is described on the mailing list in this thread: [patch USB after second suspend/resume on ThinkPads]. Copy and paste the patch code in your favorite editor and store the file for example in /tmp. Then change to the directoy where the code of the module acpi_ibm resides and run the patch:

# cd /usr/src/sys/dev/acpi_support/

# patch acpi_ibm.c <path to patchfile>

After this rebuild and reinstall the kernel as described above.

Konfiguration: /boot/loader.conf

The whole USB stuff has to be loaded as modules. Therefore all this stuff is put in /boot/loader.conf:

# USB
usb_load="YES"
ehci_load="YES"
uhci_load="YES"
ums_load="YES"
u3g_load="YES"
umass_load="YES"
ukbd_load="YES"
Konfiguration: /etc/rc.local

The most notebook harddisks have a biuld in powermanagement. This must be turned off because otherwise the Load Cycle Count increases dramatically and this results in an early exitus of the device.

/sbin/camcontrol cmd ada0 -a "EF 85 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00"
Konfiguration: /etc/rc.suspend

With this file all the USB stuff is unloaded and the wifi operation is terminated:

/usr/sbin/wpa_cli terminate

/etc/rc.d/moused stop

# If a device driver has problems suspending, try unloading it before
# suspend and reloading it on resume.  Example:
# kldunload usb

kldunload ehci
kldunload uhci
kldunload umass
kldunload u3g
kldunload usb

/usr/bin/logger -t $subsystem suspend at `/bin/date +'%Y%m%d %H:%M:%S'`
/bin/sync && /bin/sync && /bin/sync
/bin/sleep 3
ATTENTION!
Put these lines before
/bin/rm -f /var/run/rc.suspend.pid
Otherwise a kernel panic could be the result
Konfiguration: /etc/rc.resume

In resume mode all the USB stuff is loaded again and the wifi operation is started again:

kldload ehci
kldload uhci
kldload umass
kldload u3g
kldload usb

/etc/rc.d/moused restart

/usr/sbin/wpa_cli reassociate
/usr/sbin/camcontrol cmd ada0 -a "EF 85 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00"

/usr/bin/logger -t $subsystem resumed at `/bin/date +'%Y%m%d %H:%M:%S'`
ATTENTION!
Put these lines before
/bin/sync && /bin/sync && /bin/sync
exit 0
Otherwise they have no effect
Konfiguration: /etc/sysctl.conf

In /etc/sysctl.conf some fine tuning has to be done to get suspend/resume working properly:

hw.acpi.reset_video=0
hw.acpi.lid_switch_state=S3
hw.acpi.sleep_button_state=S3
hw.acpi.power_button_state=S5
hw.acpi.sleep_delay=3
hw.acpi.verbose=1
hw.syscons.sc_no_suspend_vtswitch=0
dev.acpi_ibm.0.events=1

Graphics device

Generally you have to remove the option VESA from the kernel configuration.

  • Intel GM45: It is important in resume operation that the kernel restores the registers of the Intel graphics chip and not of the VESA graphics board.

The DRM drivers are loaded via /boot/loader.conf:

i915_load="YES"
  • ATi Radeon RV620
TODO
ATi Radeon RV620

CPU controlling

To enable frequency control the kernel module cpufreq.ko must be loaded, four lines added to /etc/rc.conf, and the computer rebooted:

/boot/loader.conf
Add this line to load the module cpufreq.ko on each boot, allowing the CPU frequency to be modified:
cpufreq_load="YES"
/etc/rc.conf
Add these four lines to enable automatic control of the CPU frequency:
powerd_enable="YES"
powerd_flags="-a adaptive -b adaptive -n adaptive"
performance_cx_lowest="C3"
economy_cx_lowest="C3"

This enables the automatic control of frequency parameters of the CPU. By default, the computer runs in a state called C1. During periods of low activity, it is possible to shut down parts of the processor, including clocks, and disconnect from the system bus. In the C2 state, the CPU shuts down clocks. In the C3 state, additional power can be saved by disconnecting from the system bus and shutting down the CPU for a short time. This can provide significant power savings without any real cost. Using the paramters performance_cx_lowest and economy_cx_lowest, it is possible to tell powerd the maximum state to put the CPU into. When allowing powerd to use C3, it can be beneficial to add a line like the one below to /boot/loader.conf:

kern.hz=100

This modifies the interrupt rate of the kernel. By default it is 1000 interrupts per second. With a very slight increase (9ms!) in time between interrupts, it is possible to maximize the benefit from using C3. This might make the computer slightly less responsive, but with significant power gains.

Mouse

psm0: <PS/2 Mouse> irq 12 on atkbdc0
psm0: [GIANT-LOCKED]
psm0: model Generic PS/2 mouse, device ID 0

Network

LAN

em0: <Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Connection 7.3.8> port 0x1840-0x185f mem 0xfc100000-0xfc11ffff,0xfc325000-0xfc325fff irq 20 at device 25.0 on pci0
em0: Using an MSI interrupt
em0: Ethernet address: <mac address lan>

Wifi

iwn0: <Intel Ultimate N WiFi Link 5300> mem 0xf4300000-0xf4301fff irq 17 at device 0.0 on pci3
wlan0: Ethernet address: <mac address wlan>

Bluetooth

TODO
Bluetooth

Sound

For the access to the sound devices a module must be loaded. Put the follwong line in /boot/loader.conf:

sound_enable="YES"
snd_hda_load="YES"

The boot messages should show the followg lines:

hdac0: <Intel 82801I HDA Controller> mem 0xfc320000-0xfc323fff irq 17 at device 27.0 on pci0
hdacc0: <Conexant CX20561 (Hermosa) HDA CODEC> at cad 0 on hdac0
hdaa0: <Conexant CX20561 (Hermosa) Audio Function Group> at nid 1 on hdacc0
pcm0: <Conexant CX20561 (Hermosa) (Front Analog)> at nid 22 and 24 on hdaa0
pcm1: <Conexant CX20561 (Hermosa) (Internal Analog)> at nid 26 and 29 on hdaa0
hdacc1: <Conexant (0x2c06) HDA CODEC> at cad 1 on hdac0

It is also possible to check if the sound devices are identified:

# cat /dev/sndstat

A possible result is

Installed devices:
pcm0: <Conexant CX20561 (Hermosa) (Front Analog)> (play/rec) default
pcm1: <Conexant CX20561 (Hermosa) (Internal Analog)> (play/rec)

For using the internal speakers of the Thinkpad the following line should be added to /etc/sysctl.conf:

hw.snd.default_unit=1

This sets the second pcm channel to default so all audio signals can be heard.

MATE Desktop

Applications

Applets

Additional Hardware

Tips and Tricks

In this section some tips and tricks are described.

Thinkpad buttons

TODO
Thinkpad buttons

Special thanks

A special thanks to Yamagi of BSDForen.de for essential hints for the configuration of suspend/resume. Also thanks to the author of the patch described above.

References

The following man pages are important for understanding:

External links