Sample Fn-F7 script
This guide will help you configure Fn-F7 key combination to toggle between internal, mirror, external, or both screens. This was tested on ThinkPad X60s running Fedora 8, please comment if it works or does not work for you.
Works like a charm on X61s with Xubuntu 7.10. Working with R60e with some modifications noted below.
Contents
configuring the virtual screen size
Add a "Virtual" statement to your /etc/X11/xorg.conf, the total resolution should be large enough to fit all your screens in the configuration you want, for example if you have 1600x1200 monitor to the left of your internal 1024x768 monitor, your total max resolution is 2624x1200 (See Xorg RandR 1.2 for more details):
Section "Screen" Identifier "Screen0" Device "Videocard0" DefaultDepth 24 SubSection "Display" Viewport 0 0 Depth 24 Virtual 2624 1200 EndSubSection EndSection
Restart X server at this point (i.e. logout and login).
configuring acpi
Create /etc/acpi/events/thinkpad.conf:
event=ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00001007 action=/usr/local/sbin/thinkpad-fn-f7
or you may (eg Ubuntu 7.10) already have /etc/acpi/ibm-videobtn
# /etc/acpi/events/ibmvideobtn # This is called when the user presses the video button. It is currently # a placeholder.
in which case modify the line 'action=/bin/true' to run the script as above. It may also be necessary to enable acpi events as per How to get special keys to work with
$echo enable,0xffff > /proc/acpi/ibm/hotkey
identify output devices
Note the names of your output devices as you will have to change EXTERNAL_OUTPUT and INTERNAL_OUTPUT to what xrandr shows, for example VGA and LVDS in this case:
$ xrandr -q VGA connected 1600x1200+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 432mm x 324mm ... LVDS connected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
The bash script
Create /usr/local/sbin/thinkpad-fn-f7, you can set EXTERNAL_LOCATION to one of: left, right, above, or below.
#!/bin/bash # External output may be "VGA" or "VGA-0" or "DVI-0" EXTERNAL_OUTPUT="VGA" INTERNAL_OUTPUT="LVDS" EXTERNAL_LOCATION="left" # Figure out which user and X11 display to work on # TODO there has to be a better way to do this? X_USER=$(w -h -s | grep ":[0-9]" | head -1 | awk '{print $1}') export DISPLAY=$(w -h -s | grep ":[0-9]" | head -1 | awk '{print $3}') # Switch to X user if necessary if [ "$X_USER" != "$USER" ]; then SU="su $X_USER -c" fi case "$EXTERNAL_LOCATION" in left|LEFT) EXTERNAL_LOCATION="--left-of $INTERNAL_OUTPUT" ;; right|RIGHT) EXTERNAL_LOCATION="--right-of $INTERNAL_OUTPUT" ;; top|TOP|above|ABOVE) EXTERNAL_LOCATION="--above $INTERNAL_OUTPUT" ;; bottom|BOTTOM|below|BELOW) EXTERNAL_LOCATION="--below $INTERNAL_OUTPUT" ;; *) EXTERNAL_LOCATION="--left-of $INTERNAL_OUTPUT" ;; esac # Figure out current state INTERNAL_STATE=$($SU xrandr | grep ^$INTERNAL_OUTPUT | grep con | sed "s/.*connected //" | sed "s/(.*//") EXTERNAL_STATE=$($SU xrandr | grep ^$EXTERNAL_OUTPUT | grep con | sed "s/.*connected //" | sed "s/(.*//") if [ -z "$INTERNAL_STATE" ]; then STATE="external" elif [ -z "$EXTERNAL_STATE" ]; then STATE="internal" else INTERNAL_STATE=$(echo $INTERNAL_STATE | sed "s/[0-9]*x[0-9]*//") EXTERNAL_STATE=$(echo $EXTERNAL_STATE | sed "s/[0-9]*x[0-9]*//") if [ "$INTERNAL_STATE" = "$EXTERNAL_STATE" ]; then STATE="mirror" else STATE="both" fi fi function screen_external(){ $SU "xrandr --output $INTERNAL_OUTPUT --off" $SU "xrandr --output $EXTERNAL_OUTPUT --auto" } function screen_internal(){ $SU "xrandr --output $EXTERNAL_OUTPUT --off" $SU "xrandr --output $INTERNAL_OUTPUT --auto" } function screen_mirror(){ $SU "xrandr --output $INTERNAL_OUTPUT --auto" $SU "xrandr --output $EXTERNAL_OUTPUT --auto --same-as $INTERNAL_OUTPUT" } function screen_both(){ $SU "xrandr --output $INTERNAL_OUTPUT --auto" $SU "xrandr --output $EXTERNAL_OUTPUT --auto $EXTERNAL_LOCATION" } function screen_toggle(){ case "$STATE" in internal) screen_mirror ;; mirror) screen_external ;; external) screen_both ;; both) screen_internal ;; *) screen_internal ;; esac } # What should we do? DO="$1" if [ -z "$DO" ]; then if [ $(basename $0) = "thinkpad-fn-f7" ]; then DO="toggle" fi fi case "$DO" in toggle) screen_toggle ;; internal) screen_internal ;; external) screen_external ;; mirror) screen_mirror ;; both) screen_both ;; status) echo "Current Fn-F7 state is: $STATE" echo echo "Attached monitors:" $SU xrandr | grep "\Wconnected" | sed "s/^/ /" ;; *) echo "usage: $0 <command>" >&2 echo >&2 echo " commands:" >&2 echo " status" >&2 echo " internal" >&2 echo " external" >&2 echo " mirror" >&2 echo " both" >&2 echo " toggle" >&2 echo >&2 ;; esac
set permissions and restart acpi
As root, or using sudo run the following commands,
$ sudo chmod 755 /usr/local/sbin/thinkpad-fn-f7
$ sudo service acpid restart
OR$ sudo /etc/init.d/acpid restart
You should be ready to go, just press Fn-F7 to try.
Alternative script using .Xauthority rather than su
Use this script as an alternative
action=/usr/local/sbin/toggle-display.sh
for /etc/acpi/events/ibm-videobtn
#!/bin/bash # usr/local/sbin/toggle-display.sh # stinkpad(a)blueyonder.co.uk 2007-11-24 # based on /etc/acpi/screenblank.sh (Ubuntu 7.10) # # . /usr/share/acpi-support/power-funcs # for getXuser umask 022; PATH="$PATH:/usr/bin/X11" getXuser() { user=`finger| grep -m1 ":$displaynum " | awk '{print $1}'` if [ x"$user" = x"" ]; then user=`finger| grep -m1 ":$displaynum" | awk '{print $1}'` fi if [ x"$user" != x"" ]; then userhome=`getent passwd $user | cut -d: -f6` export XAUTHORITY=$userhome/.Xauthority else export XAUTHORITY="" fi } # end of getXuser from /usr/share/acpi-support/power-funcs # for x in /tmp/.X11-unix/*; do displaynum=`echo $x | sed s#/tmp/.X11-unix/X##` getXuser; if [ x"$XAUTHORITY" != x"" ]; then export DISPLAY=":$displaynum" ## . /usr/share/acpi-support/screenblank.sh /usr/local/bin/toggle.py fi done
Each user has an ~/.Xauthority file with one line for each X display containing a 'magic cookie' (Run "xauth list" to see the contents). The Xserver reads the record in ~/.Xauthority matching its display. When an X client application starts it also looks for that record and passes the magic cookie to the server. If it matches, the connection to the Xserver is allowed. The above example runs the python script below but could run a modified version of /usr/local/sbin/thinkpad-fn-f7 without the USER, and DISPLAY detection SU commands.
A Python Toggle script
This is a somewhat over-elaborate script which could be cut down when run by the /usr/local/sbin/toggle-display.sh script above. It was written to explore all the possibilities rather than economy of execution. Only the functions the toggle_full and toggle_limited functions may be omitted with suitable changes to function7. The appropriate outputs can be specified on the command line and it is not necessary to call it via acpi.
eg you can run it as $ /usr/local/bin/toggle.py --help
#! /usr/bin/python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # # stinkpad@blueyonder.co.uk 2007-11-23 """Toggle internal and external displays (equivalent to ThinkPad Fn7) Simple; cloned: on+off, on+on, off+on. Full; as simple plus xinerama: right, below, left, above. Limited; as full but display will overlap if virtual screen is too small. Use 'xrandr -q' to determine output names. Further information: http://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/Xorg_RandR_1.2 """ __usage__ = "usage: %prog [--help]|[[-i internal][-e external][-d displays]]" __version__ = "toggle [thinkwiki(a)djclark.co.uk 2007-11-23]" # # Output names; Intel: LVDS VGA TV TMDS-1 TMDS-2 # ATI: LVDS VGA-0 S-video DVI-0 LAPTOP = 'LVDS' MONITOR = 'VGA' SEQUENCE = 'simple' # import sys import os import re # # "LVDS connected 1024x768+0+0 (normal left inverted right) 304mm x 228mm" REGEX_OUTPUT = re.compile(r (?x) # ignore whitespace ^ # start of string (?P<output>[A-Za-z0-9\-]*)[ ] # LVDS VGA etc (?P<connect>(dis)?connected)[ ] # dis/connected (( # a group (?P<width>\d+)x # either 1024x768+0+0 (?P<height>\d+)[+] (?P<horizontal>\d+)[+] (?P<vertical>\d+) )|[\D]) # or not a digit .* # ignore rest of line ) # # "Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 1024 x 768, maximum 2624 x 1968" REGEX_SCREEN = re.compile(r (?x) # ignore whitespace ^ # start of string Screen[ ] (?P<screen>\d)[: ]+ minimum[ ] (?P<minWidth>\d+)[ x]+ (?P<minHeight>\d+)[, ]+ current[ ]+ (?P<curWidth>\d+)[ x]+ (?P<curHeight>\d+)[, ]+ maximum[ ]+ (?P<maxWidth>\d+)[ x]+ (?P<maxHeight>\d+) ) # def toggle_simple(d0, d1): """Toggle display states: on+off, on+on, off+on""" if d1['connect'] == 'disconnected': # external unplugged return ('auto','off',) # switch off external if d1['width'] is 0: # external off return ('auto','auto',) # both on if d0['width'] is 0: # laptop off return ('auto','off',) # laptop on return ('off','auto',) # both on, laptop off
def toggle_full(d0, d1): """Toggle display states: 1+0, 1+1, 0+1, 1+E, 1+S, 1+W, 1+N""" if d1['connect'] == 'disconnected': # external unplugged return ('auto','off',) # switch off external place = '--%s ' + d0['output'] if d1['width'] == 0: # external off return ('auto','auto',place%'same-as') # external on if d0['width'] == 0: # laptop off return ('auto','off',) # laptop on if d1['horizontal'] > 0: # external to right return ('auto','auto',place%'below') # make below if d1['vertical'] > 0: # external below return ('auto','auto',place%'left-of') # make left if d0['horizontal'] > 0: # external left return ('auto','auto',place%'above') # make above if d0['vertical'] > 0: # external above return ('off','auto',) # laptop off return ('auto','auto',place%'right-of') # is same, make right
def position(orientation, da, db, screen): """Calculate offset position of second display""" p = 'auto --pos %sx%s' if orientation == 'V': if (da['height'] + db['height']) <= screen['maxHeight']: return p%(0, da['height']) return p%(0, screen['maxHeight'] - db['height']) else: if (da['width'] + db['width']) <= screen['maxWidth']: return p%(da['width'],0) return p%(screen['maxWidth'] - db['width'],0)
def toggle_limited(d0, d1, sz): """Toggle display states (overlapped): 1+0,1+1,0+1,1+E,1+S,1+W,1+N""" if d1['connect'] == 'disconnected': # external unplugged return ('auto','off') # switch off external if d1['width'] == 0: # external off return ('auto --pos 0x0','auto --pos 0x0') # both on if d0['width'] == 0: # laptop off return ('auto --pos 0x0','off') # laptop on if d1['horizontal'] > 0: # external to right return ('auto --pos 0x0',position('V',d0,d1,sz)) # put *below if d1['vertical'] > 0: # external below return (position('H',d1,d0,sz),'auto --pos 0x0') # put *left if d0['horizontal'] > 0: # external left return (position('V',d1,d0,sz),'auto --pos 0x0') # put *above if d0['vertical'] > 0: # external above return ('off','auto --pos 0x0') # laptop off return ('auto --pos 0x0',position('H',d0,d1,sz)) # both, put*right
def function7(disp0=LAPTOP, disp1=MONITOR, seq=SEQUENCE): """Use xrandr to read current display state and change state""" for line in os.popen('xrandr -q').read().splitlines(): if line.startswith(disp0,0) : d0_state = REGEX_OUTPUT.match(line).groupdict() elif line.startswith(disp1,0): d1_state = REGEX_OUTPUT.match(line).groupdict() elif line.startswith('Screen',0): screen_size = REGEX_SCREEN.match(line).groupdict() else: pass for i in ('width','height','horizontal','vertical'): try: d0_state[i] = int(d0_state[i]) except TypeError: d0_state[i] = 0 except UnboundLocalError: return 'Internal Display output %s not found'% disp0 try: d1_state[i] = int(d1_state[i]) except TypeError: d1_state[i] = 0 except UnboundLocalError: return 'External Display output %s not found'% disp1 for i in screen_size.keys(): try: screen_size[i] = int(screen_size[i]) except TypeError: screen_size[i] = 0 # toggle = toggle_simple xrandr ='xrandr --output '+disp0+' --%s --output '+disp1+' --%s %s' if seq == 'full': toggle = toggle_full if seq == 'limited': toggle = toggle_limited xrandr ='xrandr --output '+disp0+' --%s --output '+disp1+' --%s' os.popen(xrandr % toggle(d0_state, d1_state, screen_size)) else: os.popen(xrandr % toggle(d0_state, d1_state)) return None
def main(): """ Command line options """ global LAPTOP,MONITOR,SEQUENCE from optparse import OptionParser p = OptionParser(usage=__usage__, version=__version__, description=__doc__) p.set_defaults(internal=LAPTOP, external=MONITOR, displays=SEQUENCE) p.set_defaults(separator='comma', column=0) p.add_option('-i','--internal', dest="internal", metavar=LAPTOP, help="internal display") p.add_option('-e','--external', dest="external", metavar=MONITOR, help="external display") p.add_option('-d','--displays', dest="displays", action="store", choices=('simple', 'limited', 'full'), metavar=SEQUENCE, help='simple/limited/full') (opt, args) = p.parse_args() failed = function7(opt.internal, opt.external, opt.displays) if failed: print '\n'+failed+'\n' print os.popen('xrandr -q').read() # if __name__ == '__main__': #only when run from cmd line main()